循环变排量发动机输出特性模拟计算与台架试验
|
摘要
发动机负荷率是影响汽车燃油经济性的重要因素。研究表明发动机在负荷率为80%~90%时,燃油经济性较好。发动机选配时一般是以保证汽车预期的最高车速、加速与爬坡能力为前提,而在市区行驶的轿车大多情况下是以中低速行驶,发动机负荷率低,通常为20%~50%,因此油耗较高。发动机变工作排量技术,根据汽车的实际工况,通过电控方式有规律的停止部分气缸作功,以改变发动机实际参与作功的排量,使发动机始终处于较经济的负荷率区间,从而提高汽车的燃油经济性。
研究变排量技术,通过对具体的变排量模式下发动机输出功率及扭矩的预测,为变排量控制策略提供依据。本文采用Elbert Hendricks提出的发动机“平均值模型”与经验公式相结合的方法,通过对节气门开度、进气歧管容积、进气歧管内空气压力及温度、进气流量、喷油量和发动机转速等建模所需参数的研究,利用Matlab/Simulink模块建立了变排量发动机动力输出特性计算模型,为发动机变排量控制策略的制定提供了条件。最后进行了发动机台架试验,并对试验数据进行了曲线拟合,验证了计算模型的精度。结果表明所建立的模型计算误差较小,由于发动机的经济工作区间也非定值,因而能满足发动机变排量技术的要求。
The engine load rate is an important factor of automobile fuel economy. Research achievements show that when the gasoline engine load rate is 80%~90%, fuel economy is better. When choosing engine for a car, we consider ensuring the excepting maximum speed and acceleration and climbing capacity as the precondition. Cars in urban area mostly driving in medium-low speed, the engine load rate is as low as 20%~50%, so the fuel consumption is higher. Variable displacement technique of engine regularly stops partial cylinders working to change the actual displacement according to the actual automobile working condition, this makes engine working in economic load rate all the while, so the automobile fuel economy is improved.
By means of calculating the engine output power and torque under different variable displacement mode, providing rational basis for variable displacement control strategy. This paper uses empirical equation and‘mean value engine model’which is suggested by Elbert Hendricks, studied desired parameters during modeling such as throttle percentage, volume of intake manifold, pressure and temperature of intake air, air inflow, fuel delivery, engine speed and so on, built predicting model of variable displacement engine output characteristic by using Matlab/Simulink, provided precondition for drafting control strategy of engine variable displacement. Finally we verified the precision of the calculation model by curve fitting of engine test data. Test results show that the calculation model showed small errors, this can meet the requirements for the economic engine workspace is not a fixed value.
研究变排量技术,通过对具体的变排量模式下发动机输出功率及扭矩的预测,为变排量控制策略提供依据。本文采用Elbert Hendricks提出的发动机“平均值模型”与经验公式相结合的方法,通过对节气门开度、进气歧管容积、进气歧管内空气压力及温度、进气流量、喷油量和发动机转速等建模所需参数的研究,利用Matlab/Simulink模块建立了变排量发动机动力输出特性计算模型,为发动机变排量控制策略的制定提供了条件。最后进行了发动机台架试验,并对试验数据进行了曲线拟合,验证了计算模型的精度。结果表明所建立的模型计算误差较小,由于发动机的经济工作区间也非定值,因而能满足发动机变排量技术的要求。
The engine load rate is an important factor of automobile fuel economy. Research achievements show that when the gasoline engine load rate is 80%~90%, fuel economy is better. When choosing engine for a car, we consider ensuring the excepting maximum speed and acceleration and climbing capacity as the precondition. Cars in urban area mostly driving in medium-low speed, the engine load rate is as low as 20%~50%, so the fuel consumption is higher. Variable displacement technique of engine regularly stops partial cylinders working to change the actual displacement according to the actual automobile working condition, this makes engine working in economic load rate all the while, so the automobile fuel economy is improved.
By means of calculating the engine output power and torque under different variable displacement mode, providing rational basis for variable displacement control strategy. This paper uses empirical equation and‘mean value engine model’which is suggested by Elbert Hendricks, studied desired parameters during modeling such as throttle percentage, volume of intake manifold, pressure and temperature of intake air, air inflow, fuel delivery, engine speed and so on, built predicting model of variable displacement engine output characteristic by using Matlab/Simulink, provided precondition for drafting control strategy of engine variable displacement. Finally we verified the precision of the calculation model by curve fitting of engine test data. Test results show that the calculation model showed small errors, this can meet the requirements for the economic engine workspace is not a fixed value.
引文
1张抗.从石油峰值到石油枯竭论.石油学报, 2009, (1):28-33
2童勇,黄海波,王永忠.可变排量发动机技术在小排量4缸机上的试验研究.中国内燃机学会燃烧净化节能分会2007年学术年会论文集,成都, 2007, (8):74-62
3张海涛.发动机停缸控制及其标定. [吉林大学工学硕士学位论文]. 2002:14-22
4付珅,王娜.汽车新技术解析.汽车维修, 2004, (5):48-49
5徐建祖.东风牌汽车停缸节油单片机控制实验研究.汽车技术, 1994, (3):19-22
6张登攀,袁银南,杜家益,崔勇.车用发动机停缸模式下转速波动仿真.农业机械学报, 2010, (2):25-28
7 Elkholy A.H. Variable displacement mechanism for internal combustion engines. Transactions of the Canadian society for mechanical engineering, 1994:72-80
8 Bates B, Dosdall J M, Smith D H. Variable displacement engine by valve control. SAE preprints, n780145, 2008:1-9
9 Wong V W, Stewart M, Lundholm G, Hoglund. Increased power density variable compression/displacement and turbocharging using the alvar-cycle engine. SAE Special Publications, 2009:15-43
10崔胜民.现代汽车系统控制技术.北京:北京大学出版社, 2008:1-5
11 Gerrish, John B, Baker L, Dale, Kampe, Dwight F, Wilkinson, Robert H. Automotive half-engine modifications for rural driving, Paper-American society of agricultural engineers, 2006:40-46
12吴建华.汽车发动机原理.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:9-34
13韩宗奇.轿车发动机变工作排量技术与应用研究. [燕山大学工学博士学位论文]. 2009:13-34
14张志沛.汽车发动机原理.北京:人民交通出版社, 2003:20-84
15余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社, 2009:39-73
16解茂昭.内燃机计算燃烧学.大连:大连理工大学出版社, 2005:4-87
17林杰伦.内燃机工作过程数值计算.西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1986:11-53
18张京明,赵桂范,姜立标.发动机特性计算模型在整车性能计算中的应用.车用发动机, 2010, (3):26-28
19 Elbert Hendricks, Thomas Vesterholm. The Analysis of Mean Value SI Engine Models. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 920682, 1992.2:1-21
20 Michael Fons, Martin Muller, Alain Chevalier, Christian Vigild, Elbert Hendricks and Spencer C, Sorenson. Mean Value Engine Modelling of an SI Engine with EGR, SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 1999-01-0909, 1999.3:1-10
21 Alain Chevalier, Martin Muller, Elbert Hendricks. On the Validity of Mean Value Engine Models During Transient Operation. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2000-01-1261, 2000.3:1-24
22陈绪平,黄海波,黄钰.基于燃油平均值模型的燃气(CNG)发动机模型. 2004年中国内燃机学会燃烧联合学术会议, 2004:164-169
23 Robert W, Weeks, John J, Moskwa. Automotive Engine Modeling for Real-Time Control Using MATLAB/SIMULINK. SAE 950417, 1995:1-26
24 D J Rausen, A G Stefanopoulou. A Mean-Value Model for Control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI)Engines. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control Transactions of the ASME, 2005:172-180
25张慧杰.怠速工况电子节气门ANFIS控制仿真研究. [哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文]. 2008:10-15
26王林超,杨秀红.电控燃油喷射装置图册.北京:人民交通出版社, 2006.1:44-61
27郗沭平,高万盛,刘宝新.汽车电控技术简明教程.北京:北京理工大学, 2006:37-82
28汪明德.坦克行驶原理.北京:国防工业出版社,1983:154-196
29徐宝云,陈民鉴.发动机扭矩与转速关系经验公式试验研究.兵工学报坦克装甲车与发动机分册, 1996, (2):7-11
30詹樟松,刘兴春,孙登兴,何晓进.基于MATLAB的发动机特性实时处理和计算系统.内燃机, 2008, (5):9-12
31郭春梅.点燃式发动机建模与空燃比控制策略的研究. [天津大学硕士学位论文]. 2003:6-37
32 Li Jianqiu. A study on cylinder-by-cylinder closed-loop control of diesel engine[D]. Tsinghua University, 2009:78-86
33 Chang C F, Fekete N P, Powell J D. Engine air-fuel ratio control using an even-based obser[C]. SAE 930766, 2008:1-12
34 J P Jensen, A F Kristensen, S C Sorenson, N Houbak, E Hendricks. Mean ValueModeling of a Small Turbocharged Diesel Engine. SAE Technical Paper Series 910070, 1991.2:1-13
35胡金龙.电喷汽油机进气及燃油动态模型的研究. [浙江大学硕士学位论文]. 2006:18-40
36 Elbert Hendricks, Thomas Vesterholm. The Analysis of Mean Value SI Engine Models. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 920682,1992.2:1-19
37 Michael Fons, Martin Muller, Alain Chevalier, Christian Vigild, Elbert Hendricks, Spencer C. Sorenson. Mean Value Engine Modelling of an SI Engine with EGR. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 1999-01-0909, 1999.3:1-7
38吴峰,胡金龙,邹博文.电喷汽油机进气管空气动态模型的仿真与试验研究.内燃机工程. 2006, (3):25-28
39 Rob Karmiggelt. Mean value modelling of a s.i. engine. Eindhoven University of Technology, 2008.10:4-9
40陈超,王绍銧,康晓敦.基于Matlab/Simulink的汽油机电控系统仿真.内燃机工程, 2009, (5):23-27
41 Elbert Hendricks, Spencer C, Sorenson. Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines. SAE Technical Paper Series 900616, 1990.2:1-15
42严明.汽油机平均值模型的建立及试验研究. [江苏大学硕士学位论文]. 2009:6-23
43洪木南,欧阳明高.基于汽油机平均值模型的在线转矩估计.机械工程学报, 2009,(4):290-294
44 Hendricks E, Sorenson S C. SI engine controls and mean value engine modeling [R]. SAE paper 910258, 1991:1-8
45 HENDRICKS E, SORENSON S C. Mean value Modeling of spark ignition engines[G]. SAE Paper 900616,1990.2:1-15
46李金辉,徐立友.基于MATLAB语言的发动机特性研究.计算机应用, 2008,5(3):40-42
47席新明. Matlab在发动机性能试验数据处理中的应用.西北农业学报, 2007,11(3):138-142
48 Hendricks, E. Mean Value Modelling of Large Turbocharged Two-Stroke Diesel Engines. SAE Technical Paper No. 890564, Transactions of the SAE, 2009:76-90
49 Hendricks E, Vesterholm T, Sorenson S C. Nonlinear Closed Loop SI Engine Control Observers. SAE Technical Paper No. 920237, 1992:1-16
50 Hendricks E, Kaidantzis. Nonlinear Transient Fuel Film Compensation[c]. SAE Technical Paper 930767, 1993:1-10
51 Hendricks E, Jensen M. Modeling of the intake manifold filling dynamics[c]. SAE Technical Paper 960037, 1996:1-17
52 Karaban S. Automotive powertrain modeling, simulation and control using integrated systems case tools[M]. Integrated systems, 2006:18-21
53 CITRON S J, HIGGINS J E, CHEN L Y. Cylinder by cylinder engine pressure and pressure torque waveform determination utilizing speed fluctuation[R]. SAE paper 890486, 2009:27-86
54杜常清,杜传进,严运兵.基于模型的汽油机动态转矩输出性能仿真研究.武汉理工大学学报, 2008, (2):229-231
55李顶根,舒咏强,李小中.基于改进均值模型的汽油机瞬态空燃比控制研究.车用发动机, 2010, (1):20-27
56毕小平,韩树,张更云,马志雄.发动机平均值模型的开发与检验.装甲兵工程学院学报, 1998, (3):40-43
57易雪梅,吴伶.用MATLAB语言绘制发动机万有特性的两种方法.科研设计, 2007, (3):33-35
58李菊梅,陈奕,孔江生.内燃机台架试验曲线的MATLAB拟合解.水利电力机械, 2006, (5):38-41
2童勇,黄海波,王永忠.可变排量发动机技术在小排量4缸机上的试验研究.中国内燃机学会燃烧净化节能分会2007年学术年会论文集,成都, 2007, (8):74-62
3张海涛.发动机停缸控制及其标定. [吉林大学工学硕士学位论文]. 2002:14-22
4付珅,王娜.汽车新技术解析.汽车维修, 2004, (5):48-49
5徐建祖.东风牌汽车停缸节油单片机控制实验研究.汽车技术, 1994, (3):19-22
6张登攀,袁银南,杜家益,崔勇.车用发动机停缸模式下转速波动仿真.农业机械学报, 2010, (2):25-28
7 Elkholy A.H. Variable displacement mechanism for internal combustion engines. Transactions of the Canadian society for mechanical engineering, 1994:72-80
8 Bates B, Dosdall J M, Smith D H. Variable displacement engine by valve control. SAE preprints, n780145, 2008:1-9
9 Wong V W, Stewart M, Lundholm G, Hoglund. Increased power density variable compression/displacement and turbocharging using the alvar-cycle engine. SAE Special Publications, 2009:15-43
10崔胜民.现代汽车系统控制技术.北京:北京大学出版社, 2008:1-5
11 Gerrish, John B, Baker L, Dale, Kampe, Dwight F, Wilkinson, Robert H. Automotive half-engine modifications for rural driving, Paper-American society of agricultural engineers, 2006:40-46
12吴建华.汽车发动机原理.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:9-34
13韩宗奇.轿车发动机变工作排量技术与应用研究. [燕山大学工学博士学位论文]. 2009:13-34
14张志沛.汽车发动机原理.北京:人民交通出版社, 2003:20-84
15余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社, 2009:39-73
16解茂昭.内燃机计算燃烧学.大连:大连理工大学出版社, 2005:4-87
17林杰伦.内燃机工作过程数值计算.西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1986:11-53
18张京明,赵桂范,姜立标.发动机特性计算模型在整车性能计算中的应用.车用发动机, 2010, (3):26-28
19 Elbert Hendricks, Thomas Vesterholm. The Analysis of Mean Value SI Engine Models. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 920682, 1992.2:1-21
20 Michael Fons, Martin Muller, Alain Chevalier, Christian Vigild, Elbert Hendricks and Spencer C, Sorenson. Mean Value Engine Modelling of an SI Engine with EGR, SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 1999-01-0909, 1999.3:1-10
21 Alain Chevalier, Martin Muller, Elbert Hendricks. On the Validity of Mean Value Engine Models During Transient Operation. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2000-01-1261, 2000.3:1-24
22陈绪平,黄海波,黄钰.基于燃油平均值模型的燃气(CNG)发动机模型. 2004年中国内燃机学会燃烧联合学术会议, 2004:164-169
23 Robert W, Weeks, John J, Moskwa. Automotive Engine Modeling for Real-Time Control Using MATLAB/SIMULINK. SAE 950417, 1995:1-26
24 D J Rausen, A G Stefanopoulou. A Mean-Value Model for Control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI)Engines. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control Transactions of the ASME, 2005:172-180
25张慧杰.怠速工况电子节气门ANFIS控制仿真研究. [哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文]. 2008:10-15
26王林超,杨秀红.电控燃油喷射装置图册.北京:人民交通出版社, 2006.1:44-61
27郗沭平,高万盛,刘宝新.汽车电控技术简明教程.北京:北京理工大学, 2006:37-82
28汪明德.坦克行驶原理.北京:国防工业出版社,1983:154-196
29徐宝云,陈民鉴.发动机扭矩与转速关系经验公式试验研究.兵工学报坦克装甲车与发动机分册, 1996, (2):7-11
30詹樟松,刘兴春,孙登兴,何晓进.基于MATLAB的发动机特性实时处理和计算系统.内燃机, 2008, (5):9-12
31郭春梅.点燃式发动机建模与空燃比控制策略的研究. [天津大学硕士学位论文]. 2003:6-37
32 Li Jianqiu. A study on cylinder-by-cylinder closed-loop control of diesel engine[D]. Tsinghua University, 2009:78-86
33 Chang C F, Fekete N P, Powell J D. Engine air-fuel ratio control using an even-based obser[C]. SAE 930766, 2008:1-12
34 J P Jensen, A F Kristensen, S C Sorenson, N Houbak, E Hendricks. Mean ValueModeling of a Small Turbocharged Diesel Engine. SAE Technical Paper Series 910070, 1991.2:1-13
35胡金龙.电喷汽油机进气及燃油动态模型的研究. [浙江大学硕士学位论文]. 2006:18-40
36 Elbert Hendricks, Thomas Vesterholm. The Analysis of Mean Value SI Engine Models. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 920682,1992.2:1-19
37 Michael Fons, Martin Muller, Alain Chevalier, Christian Vigild, Elbert Hendricks, Spencer C. Sorenson. Mean Value Engine Modelling of an SI Engine with EGR. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 1999-01-0909, 1999.3:1-7
38吴峰,胡金龙,邹博文.电喷汽油机进气管空气动态模型的仿真与试验研究.内燃机工程. 2006, (3):25-28
39 Rob Karmiggelt. Mean value modelling of a s.i. engine. Eindhoven University of Technology, 2008.10:4-9
40陈超,王绍銧,康晓敦.基于Matlab/Simulink的汽油机电控系统仿真.内燃机工程, 2009, (5):23-27
41 Elbert Hendricks, Spencer C, Sorenson. Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines. SAE Technical Paper Series 900616, 1990.2:1-15
42严明.汽油机平均值模型的建立及试验研究. [江苏大学硕士学位论文]. 2009:6-23
43洪木南,欧阳明高.基于汽油机平均值模型的在线转矩估计.机械工程学报, 2009,(4):290-294
44 Hendricks E, Sorenson S C. SI engine controls and mean value engine modeling [R]. SAE paper 910258, 1991:1-8
45 HENDRICKS E, SORENSON S C. Mean value Modeling of spark ignition engines[G]. SAE Paper 900616,1990.2:1-15
46李金辉,徐立友.基于MATLAB语言的发动机特性研究.计算机应用, 2008,5(3):40-42
47席新明. Matlab在发动机性能试验数据处理中的应用.西北农业学报, 2007,11(3):138-142
48 Hendricks, E. Mean Value Modelling of Large Turbocharged Two-Stroke Diesel Engines. SAE Technical Paper No. 890564, Transactions of the SAE, 2009:76-90
49 Hendricks E, Vesterholm T, Sorenson S C. Nonlinear Closed Loop SI Engine Control Observers. SAE Technical Paper No. 920237, 1992:1-16
50 Hendricks E, Kaidantzis. Nonlinear Transient Fuel Film Compensation[c]. SAE Technical Paper 930767, 1993:1-10
51 Hendricks E, Jensen M. Modeling of the intake manifold filling dynamics[c]. SAE Technical Paper 960037, 1996:1-17
52 Karaban S. Automotive powertrain modeling, simulation and control using integrated systems case tools[M]. Integrated systems, 2006:18-21
53 CITRON S J, HIGGINS J E, CHEN L Y. Cylinder by cylinder engine pressure and pressure torque waveform determination utilizing speed fluctuation[R]. SAE paper 890486, 2009:27-86
54杜常清,杜传进,严运兵.基于模型的汽油机动态转矩输出性能仿真研究.武汉理工大学学报, 2008, (2):229-231
55李顶根,舒咏强,李小中.基于改进均值模型的汽油机瞬态空燃比控制研究.车用发动机, 2010, (1):20-27
56毕小平,韩树,张更云,马志雄.发动机平均值模型的开发与检验.装甲兵工程学院学报, 1998, (3):40-43
57易雪梅,吴伶.用MATLAB语言绘制发动机万有特性的两种方法.科研设计, 2007, (3):33-35
58李菊梅,陈奕,孔江生.内燃机台架试验曲线的MATLAB拟合解.水利电力机械, 2006, (5):38-41