OPT公司生产外包的管理实践研究
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摘要
所谓生产外包又名制造外包,是以外加工方式将生产委托给外部优秀的专业化资源,达到降低成本、分散风险、提高效率、增强竞争力的目的,即是将一些传统上由企业内部人员负责的非核心业务或加工方式外包给专业的、高效的生产承包商,以充分利用公司外部最优秀的专业化资源,从而降低成本、提高效率,增强自身竞争力的一种管理策略。随着全球经济一体化进程的加速,企业出于保持或增强竞争力的目的,纷纷采取生产外包的方式,例如苹果手机由富士康生产,索尼的笔记本电脑由广达电脑制造,很多我们熟知的品牌产品都由代工厂生产。
     生产外包是从外包厂商处采购成品,远比简单的原材料或零部件采购复杂和难以把握。对生产外包的管理,需要管理承包商(即代工厂)的原材料质量、生产过程、质量控制、成本控制、交货期控制等等,因此,如何充分利用EMS(代工厂)厂商的优势,对整个外包运作过程加以控制和管理,来满足终端客户的期望,是提升企业核心竞争力的关键。论文从OPT公司生产外包的具体环节入手,结合OPT公司生产外包实践中的经验,剖析了生产外包决策和生产外包管理的方法与过程,对OPT公司的生产外包实践作了较为详细的分析,提供了小型品牌厂商实行生产外包的实践案例,期望能为同类企业提供一些参考与借鉴。
Outsourcing of Production is also called manufacturing outsourcing which meansentrust the production to external specialized resources with outside processing method.The purpose of manufacturing outsourcing is to reduce costs, diversify risk, improveefficiency, and enhance competitiveness and Manufacturing outsourcing is a managementstrategy means that outsource the non-core competence or process that traditionallyperformed by internal staff to professional and efficient production contractor which inorder to take full advantage of the best professional resources outside of the company toreduce costs, improve efficiency and enhance their own competitiveness.With economicglobalization, the majority modern manufacturing enterprises take the way of productionoutsourcing in order to maintain or enhance competitiveness and to lower costs. Forinstance, IPhone is manufactured by Foxconn and Sony laptop is produced by Quanta. As amatter of fact, many of well-known products are manufactured by external professionalfoundry.
     The production outsourcing can be explained for purchasing finish goods from theoutsourcing vendors, but production outsourcing is more complicated and more difficult tocontrol than purchasing simple raw materials or components. To manage themanufacturing outsourcing, the original equipment manufacturer need to control thequality of raw materials, production process, product quality, cost, delivery and so on.Therefore, how to make full use of the advantages of the EMS companies(foundries) tocontrol and manage the entire outsourcing operation process, to meet the end customerexpectations is the key to enhance the enterprise's core competitiveness. This articleattempt to start from analyzing specific part of manufacturing outsourcing of companycalled OPT and to combine with OPT practical experience in the production outsourcingwhich explain the decision-making of outsourcing, the methods of manufacturing outsourcing management and strive to provide manufacturers who are going to outsourceproduction or the small-brand manufacturers experiences who had implementedoutsourcing with something worth learning.
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