基于VSC-HVDC的海上风电场并网的PID控制策略研究
摘要
由于风力发电的间歇性,以及风电场规模的不断扩大,海上风电场的并网对电网电能质量会产生影响,因此必须引起足够重视。随着海上风电场容量不断扩大和传输距离较长,采用交流并网的方式将会受到稳定性(功角、频率稳定)制约,因此需要复杂的补偿系统和综合技术以保持与所连接系统之间的同步；而采用基于电压源换流器(VSC)技术的轻型高压直流输电(HVDC)的并网方式不存在稳定性问题。
电压源换流器型直流输电是一种以可控关断器件(如IGBT等)和脉宽调制技术为基础的新型直流输电技术。基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)在电力系统中具有广阔的应用前景,论文对基于VSC-HVDC对海上风电场并网中的控制策略进行了研究,主要内容包括：比较分析几种海上风电场并网技术,着重对VSC-HVDC技术进行原理分析；在此基础上,建立VSC-HVDC系统的数学模型,并进行解耦分析；根据VSC-HVDC数学模型以及PID控制技术原理完成控制系统的设计；基于VSC-HVDC的数学建模及PID控制系统的设计,在Matlab/Simulink中建立VSC-HVDC的仿真模型,完成调试,优化PID参数,并对仿真结果进行分析。通过仿真结果表明了：基于dq0坐标下的三相VSC的数学模型所设计的控制系统,能够快速的使系统进入稳定的工作状态,在系统的运行状态发生改变时,系统能够快速的跟随设定值,使系统过渡到新的工作状态,仿真实验验证了本文所设计的控制系统的有效性。
As the wind resource of random and the scale of the offshore wind farms expanding larger, the impact of the offshore wind turbines connecting into the net on power quality must be paid sufficient attention. But with the development of AC power system, its inherent shortcomings gradually appear. Because of the communication cables on the transmission capacity constraints, large-scale offshore wind farm whose rated capacity is hundreds of megawatts. So it can be considered to base on the voltage source converter (VSC) technology, HVDC Light (HVDC) transmission mode.
Voltage source converter based HVDC transmission is the technology based new DC transmission technology, which is a form of controlled shutdown devices (such as IGBT, etc.) and pulse width modulation. Voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) power system is in the broad application prospects, so the control of wind farm based on VSC-HVDC was studied in this paper, the main contents include: compare the several offshore wind power technology with emphasis on the principle of VSC-HVDC technology analysis, establish the mathematical VSC-HVDC model and do the decoupling analysis, design of the control system base on the mathematical model and the principle of PID control strategy, and set up the simulation model of this system in Matlab/Simulink, do the work of commissioning, and the optimization of PID parameters, then analysis the final waveform diagram. The simulation result show:the VSC-HVDC system quickly into a stable condition under our design control system, when the condition is changed, the system more quickly follow the set value into a new condition. The simulation results verify the effective of the control system.
电压源换流器型直流输电是一种以可控关断器件(如IGBT等)和脉宽调制技术为基础的新型直流输电技术。基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)在电力系统中具有广阔的应用前景,论文对基于VSC-HVDC对海上风电场并网中的控制策略进行了研究,主要内容包括：比较分析几种海上风电场并网技术,着重对VSC-HVDC技术进行原理分析；在此基础上,建立VSC-HVDC系统的数学模型,并进行解耦分析；根据VSC-HVDC数学模型以及PID控制技术原理完成控制系统的设计；基于VSC-HVDC的数学建模及PID控制系统的设计,在Matlab/Simulink中建立VSC-HVDC的仿真模型,完成调试,优化PID参数,并对仿真结果进行分析。通过仿真结果表明了：基于dq0坐标下的三相VSC的数学模型所设计的控制系统,能够快速的使系统进入稳定的工作状态,在系统的运行状态发生改变时,系统能够快速的跟随设定值,使系统过渡到新的工作状态,仿真实验验证了本文所设计的控制系统的有效性。
As the wind resource of random and the scale of the offshore wind farms expanding larger, the impact of the offshore wind turbines connecting into the net on power quality must be paid sufficient attention. But with the development of AC power system, its inherent shortcomings gradually appear. Because of the communication cables on the transmission capacity constraints, large-scale offshore wind farm whose rated capacity is hundreds of megawatts. So it can be considered to base on the voltage source converter (VSC) technology, HVDC Light (HVDC) transmission mode.
Voltage source converter based HVDC transmission is the technology based new DC transmission technology, which is a form of controlled shutdown devices (such as IGBT, etc.) and pulse width modulation. Voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) power system is in the broad application prospects, so the control of wind farm based on VSC-HVDC was studied in this paper, the main contents include: compare the several offshore wind power technology with emphasis on the principle of VSC-HVDC technology analysis, establish the mathematical VSC-HVDC model and do the decoupling analysis, design of the control system base on the mathematical model and the principle of PID control strategy, and set up the simulation model of this system in Matlab/Simulink, do the work of commissioning, and the optimization of PID parameters, then analysis the final waveform diagram. The simulation result show:the VSC-HVDC system quickly into a stable condition under our design control system, when the condition is changed, the system more quickly follow the set value into a new condition. The simulation results verify the effective of the control system.
引文
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[3]姚伟,程时杰,文劲宇.直流输电技术在海上风电场并网中的应用[J].中国电力,2007,40(17)：70-74.
[4]倪云林,辛华龙,刘勇.我国海上风电的发展与技术现状分析[J].能源工程,2009年第4期：21-25.
[5]王志新,李响,刘文晋.海上风电柔性直流输电变流器研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2008,24(2).33-37
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[7]杜新梅,刘坚栋,李泓.新型风力发电系统[J].高电压技术,2005,(1)：63-65.
[8]吕广强.风力发电的并网接入及传输方式[J].江苏电机工程,2006,(4)：55-57.
[9]BREUERW, CHRISTLN.大容量陆地和海上风电场的电网接入方案[J].中国电力,2007,40(3)：74-78.
[10]徐科,吴超,杨晓静,胡敏强.VSC-HVDC系统风力发电结构分析与控制[J].电网技术,2009,33(4)：103-108.
[11]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1)：1-10.
[12]戴慧珠,王伟胜,迟永宁.风电场接入电力系统研究的新进展[J].电网技术,2007,31(20)：16-23
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[14]魏晓云,魏晓光,徐凤阁.基于VSC-HVDC的风力发电场交直流混合并网技术[J].中国电力,2006,39(9)：45-49.
[15]李广凯,梁海峰,赵成勇,周明,李庚银.适用于风力发电的输电技术—轻型直流输电技术[J].国际电力,2004,8(1)：38-40.
[16]尹明,李庚银.基于VSC HVDC的风电场联网技术研究[D].华北电力大学(河北)：,2008.
[17]张桂斌,徐政,王广柱.基于VSC的直流输电系统的稳态建模及其非线性控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(1)：17-22.
[18]张凯,李庚银,梁海峰,李广凯.基于电压源换流器HVDC系统稳态控制及仿真[J].电力自动化设备,2005 25(3)：79-82.
[19]郑超,周孝信,李若梅.电压源换流器式高压直流输电的动态建模和暂态仿真[J].电网技术,2005,29(16)：1-5.
[20]张兴然,王霞.VSC-HVDC的稳态模型仿真研究[J].天津工程师范学院学报,2007,17(4)：23-25.
[21]陈谦,唐国庆,胡铭.采用dq0坐标的VSCHVDC稳态模型与控制器设计[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(16)：61-66.
[22]王琦,陈小虎,纪延超.大型风电机组和电力系统联网及相关问题[J].现代电力,2005,22(5).23-28.
[23]杜欣慧,宫改花,戴云航,廉巍巍.基于MATLAB/Simulink的高压直流输电系统的建模及仿真研究[J].科技情报开发与经济2007,17(1)：173-174.
[24]魏晓光,汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电离散化建模与仿真研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(20)：34-39.
[25]刘淑军,吴成明.基于Simulink&PSB的高压直流输电系统建模仿真[J].三峡大学学报,2004,26(3)：232-236.
[26]杨周悦,顾继.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的直流输电系统仿真模型[J].上海电机学院学报,2007,10(4)：288-296.
[27]杨晨,罗隆福,李勇,张杰.基于MATLAB的高压直流输电系统换流器模糊PID控制的设计与仿真[J].电气开关,2007,3：14-16.
[28]杨少坤,尹明,刘文丽.背靠背型柔性直流输电的建模及其控制[J].华北电力大学学报2007,34(5)：44-47.
[29]陶永华,尹欣怡,葛芦生编著.新型PID控制及应用[M].机械工业出版社.
[30]李兴源,邵震霞,汤广福.多馈入高压直流输电系统的分散协调控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(16)：8-12.
[31]杨卫东,韩祯祥,徐政.多馈入直流输电系统的控制策略研究[M]. 浙江大学工学博十学位论文.
[32]郭小江,马世英,卜广全,汤涌.多馈入直流系统协调控制综述[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(3)：9-15.
[33]邹超,王奔,李泰.向无源网络供电的VSC-HVDC系统控制策略[J].电网技术,2009,33(2)：84-110.
[34]T.J.Hammons, D.Woodford, J.Loughtan, et al. Role of HVDC Transmission in Future Energy Development[J]. IEEE Power Engineering Review,2000,20(2): 10-25.
[35]Zhang Guibin, Xu Zheng, Cai Ye,. An equivalent model for simulating VSC based HVDC[C]. Proceedings of 2001 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition. Piscataway,2001,1:20-24.
[36]梁海峰,李庚银,李广凯,张凯,周明.向无源网络供电的VSC-HVDC系统仿真研究[J].电网技术,2005,29(8)：46-50.
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