复速级鱼雷涡轮机工作过程仿真研究
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摘要
现代海战对鱼雷的诸战术指标提出了更高更新的要求，作为鱼
雷心脏的热动力系统是鱼雷研制的一项关键技术。随着计算机技术
的迅猛发展，数字化仿真技术在各工程领域得到广泛应用。武器系
统数字化仿真研究在各国方兴未艾，尤其将仿真技术应用于日益复
杂的鱼雷热动力系统，可使研制周期缩短，大幅降低成本，并且调
试方便灵活，具有重要意义和广阔的应用前景。
本文以工程热力学为指导，在紧密剖析涡轮机工作原理的基础
上，建立了轴流式部分进气纯冲动式复速级涡轮发动机的数学模
型。首先以鱼雷最主要工作状况（即设计工况）为依据设计确定涡
轮机结构，建立其数学模型。气轮机的主要工作参数为工质初参数
P_c、T_o，背压P_l和转速N。当鱼雷工作于非设计工况时，这些参
数都可以独立地变化，从而使得原涡轮机模型中某些参数（如工作
及导向叶片数度系数ψ_1、ψ_2、ψ_g，轮周效率η_u等等）发生变化。
本文针对各工况，采用予估校正的方法，编程计算模型中各变化的
参数，从而确定涡轮机相应于各工况的精确数学模型。
建立以涡轮机为发动机的鱼雷热动力系统的数学模型，该系统
采用开式循环。对典型的工况：稳态参数、恒深变速过程、变深过
程进行了仿真计算。
依据涡轮机数学模型，讨论了鱼雷变工况航行时涡轮发动机的
调节方案。
More and more higher performance of thermodynamic propulsion
system of torpedo is required to adapt to the present-day sea fight. As
the central part of torpedo, thermodynamic propulsion system is the
key technique in the field of research and manufacture of torpedo.
With the rapidly development of the computer technology, digital
simulation technology is widely using now in all kind of engineering
field. Digital simulation in weapon system has come force in recent
year in much country and will develop rapidly in near future.
Especially in the field of torpedo thermodynamic propulsion system
which is more and more complicated, digital simulation technology
may shorten the period of research, reduce the costing greatly, adjust
more agility and handily and so on. It has important significance and
rangy applying prospect.
Based on the theory of engineering thermodynamics, this paper
profoundly analyzed the work theory of torpedo turbine engine and
established the mathematics model of turbine engine. Firstly, we
design the structure of torpedo turbine engine according to the most
important work condition (namely design condition) and found its
mathematics model. The main work parameter of turbine engine are
original parameter of gas such as P~, T and back press (express as P1),
rotate speed (express as N). When the work condition is changed, all
these parameter may vary independently, this led to some parameter of
2
the former model changing. Aim at all kind of work condition, We
adopted the measure of pre- estimate and rectify and program to
calculate the parameter which has changed. Then we get the accuracy
mathematics model of the parallelism work condition.
We established the mathematics model of the, whole torpedo
thermodynamic propulsion system which adopt unclose cycle form.
Based on the math model we simulated the typical work state of the
torpedo propulsion system: steady state, process of changing speed of
the torpedo in the same depth and changing depth in the same speed.
According to the math model of turbine, we bring forward a kind
of measure to adjust the turbine during the transition process.
雷心脏的热动力系统是鱼雷研制的一项关键技术。随着计算机技术
的迅猛发展，数字化仿真技术在各工程领域得到广泛应用。武器系
统数字化仿真研究在各国方兴未艾，尤其将仿真技术应用于日益复
杂的鱼雷热动力系统，可使研制周期缩短，大幅降低成本，并且调
试方便灵活，具有重要意义和广阔的应用前景。
本文以工程热力学为指导，在紧密剖析涡轮机工作原理的基础
上，建立了轴流式部分进气纯冲动式复速级涡轮发动机的数学模
型。首先以鱼雷最主要工作状况（即设计工况）为依据设计确定涡
轮机结构，建立其数学模型。气轮机的主要工作参数为工质初参数
P_c、T_o，背压P_l和转速N。当鱼雷工作于非设计工况时，这些参
数都可以独立地变化，从而使得原涡轮机模型中某些参数（如工作
及导向叶片数度系数ψ_1、ψ_2、ψ_g，轮周效率η_u等等）发生变化。
本文针对各工况，采用予估校正的方法，编程计算模型中各变化的
参数，从而确定涡轮机相应于各工况的精确数学模型。
建立以涡轮机为发动机的鱼雷热动力系统的数学模型，该系统
采用开式循环。对典型的工况：稳态参数、恒深变速过程、变深过
程进行了仿真计算。
依据涡轮机数学模型，讨论了鱼雷变工况航行时涡轮发动机的
调节方案。
More and more higher performance of thermodynamic propulsion
system of torpedo is required to adapt to the present-day sea fight. As
the central part of torpedo, thermodynamic propulsion system is the
key technique in the field of research and manufacture of torpedo.
With the rapidly development of the computer technology, digital
simulation technology is widely using now in all kind of engineering
field. Digital simulation in weapon system has come force in recent
year in much country and will develop rapidly in near future.
Especially in the field of torpedo thermodynamic propulsion system
which is more and more complicated, digital simulation technology
may shorten the period of research, reduce the costing greatly, adjust
more agility and handily and so on. It has important significance and
rangy applying prospect.
Based on the theory of engineering thermodynamics, this paper
profoundly analyzed the work theory of torpedo turbine engine and
established the mathematics model of turbine engine. Firstly, we
design the structure of torpedo turbine engine according to the most
important work condition (namely design condition) and found its
mathematics model. The main work parameter of turbine engine are
original parameter of gas such as P~, T and back press (express as P1),
rotate speed (express as N). When the work condition is changed, all
these parameter may vary independently, this led to some parameter of
2
the former model changing. Aim at all kind of work condition, We
adopted the measure of pre- estimate and rectify and program to
calculate the parameter which has changed. Then we get the accuracy
mathematics model of the parallelism work condition.
We established the mathematics model of the, whole torpedo
thermodynamic propulsion system which adopt unclose cycle form.
Based on the math model we simulated the typical work state of the
torpedo propulsion system: steady state, process of changing speed of
the torpedo in the same depth and changing depth in the same speed.
According to the math model of turbine, we bring forward a kind
of measure to adjust the turbine during the transition process.
引文
[1] 赵寅生．鱼雷涡轮机原理． 西北工业大学304教研室．1999．
[2] 石秀华．水中兵器概论(鱼雷部分)．西北工业大学出版社．1995．
[3] 宋明玉．开式循环鱼雷热动力系统数字仿真及H∞控制研究．西 北工业大学硕士学位论文．1997．
[4] 李留成．鱼雷热动力系统启动过程数字仿真．西北工业大学硕 士位论文．1994
[5] 夏君． 热动力鱼雷能供系统及动力推进系统仿真研究．西北 工业大学硕士学位论文．1996．
[6] 张宇文．鱼雷弹道与弹道设计．西北工业大学出版社．1999． 9
[7] 赵连峰．鱼雷活塞发动机原理．西北工业大学出版社．1991． 12
[8] 傅维标．燃烧物理学基础． 机械工业出版社．1984． 3
[9] 师海潮．鱼雷涡轮级参数优化．中国船舶研究院硕士论文．1998． 4
[10] 聂铁军．数值计算方法．西北工业大学出版社．1990
[11] 尚义．航空燃气涡轮发动机．国防工业出版社．1985． 12
[12] 周晓青．金如山．航空燃气涡轮发动机．宇航出版社．1992． 3
[13] 欧阳梗 李继坤 赵承龙 李立国 李汝辉．工程热力学．国防工业 出版社1989． 6
[14] 王宝官．传热学．航空工业出版社．1993． 7
[15] 刘训谦．鱼雷推进剂及供应系统．西北工业大学出版社．1991． 12
[16] 沈士一 庄贺庆 康松 庞立云．汽轮机原理．水利电力出版社 1992． 6
[17] 焦树建．燃气轮机燃烧室．机械工业出版社．1981． 5
[18] 金如山．航空燃气轮机燃烧室．宇航出版社．1988． 2
[19] 张进军．高速鱼雷涡轮机研究．西北工业大学硕士学位论文．2000． 4．
[20] 谭浩强．C语言程序设计．清华大学出版社．1996
[21] 谭浩强．C语言程序汇编．清华大学出版社．1996
[22] 李继坤等．工程热力学．国防工业出版社．1989．
[23] 徐德民．鱼雷自动控制系统．西北工业大学出版社．1991．
[24] 阙志宏．线性系统理论．清华大学出版社．1990．
[25] 吴旭光．控制系统计算机仿真．西北工业大学出版社．1990．
[26] 拉苏辛．列宁格勒工学院结构超音速双级涡轮机的计算数学模 型．圣．彼得堡．1997
[27] 乌谢宁 ． ．开式涡轮机设计计算的数学模型M-1． 俄罗斯．1995
[28] 翁史烈．船舶动力装置仿真技术．上海交通大学出版社．1991．
[29] Leonard Greiner . Underwater Missile propulsion. Compass Publications 1967
[30] J.F. Louis. Axial Flow Contra-Rotating Turbines. Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit Houston, Texas-March 18-21,1985
[31] Ennio Macchi Giovanni Lozza . Comparison of Partial vs Full Admission for Small Turbines at Low Specific Speeds. Gas Turbine Conferences and Exhibit Houston, Texas-Mardch 18-21,1985
[32] Fred Maryanski. Digital Computer Simulation. Hayden Book Company,Inc.N.J.1990．
[33] J.K.Watterson and S.Raghunathan . Numerical Analysis of Wells Turbine. Aerodynamics Department of Aeronautical Engineering. The queen's University of Belfast.Belfast United Kingdom. AIAA. 98-0363
[2] 石秀华．水中兵器概论(鱼雷部分)．西北工业大学出版社．1995．
[3] 宋明玉．开式循环鱼雷热动力系统数字仿真及H∞控制研究．西 北工业大学硕士学位论文．1997．
[4] 李留成．鱼雷热动力系统启动过程数字仿真．西北工业大学硕 士位论文．1994
[5] 夏君． 热动力鱼雷能供系统及动力推进系统仿真研究．西北 工业大学硕士学位论文．1996．
[6] 张宇文．鱼雷弹道与弹道设计．西北工业大学出版社．1999． 9
[7] 赵连峰．鱼雷活塞发动机原理．西北工业大学出版社．1991． 12
[8] 傅维标．燃烧物理学基础． 机械工业出版社．1984． 3
[9] 师海潮．鱼雷涡轮级参数优化．中国船舶研究院硕士论文．1998． 4
[10] 聂铁军．数值计算方法．西北工业大学出版社．1990
[11] 尚义．航空燃气涡轮发动机．国防工业出版社．1985． 12
[12] 周晓青．金如山．航空燃气涡轮发动机．宇航出版社．1992． 3
[13] 欧阳梗 李继坤 赵承龙 李立国 李汝辉．工程热力学．国防工业 出版社1989． 6
[14] 王宝官．传热学．航空工业出版社．1993． 7
[15] 刘训谦．鱼雷推进剂及供应系统．西北工业大学出版社．1991． 12
[16] 沈士一 庄贺庆 康松 庞立云．汽轮机原理．水利电力出版社 1992． 6
[17] 焦树建．燃气轮机燃烧室．机械工业出版社．1981． 5
[18] 金如山．航空燃气轮机燃烧室．宇航出版社．1988． 2
[19] 张进军．高速鱼雷涡轮机研究．西北工业大学硕士学位论文．2000． 4．
[20] 谭浩强．C语言程序设计．清华大学出版社．1996
[21] 谭浩强．C语言程序汇编．清华大学出版社．1996
[22] 李继坤等．工程热力学．国防工业出版社．1989．
[23] 徐德民．鱼雷自动控制系统．西北工业大学出版社．1991．
[24] 阙志宏．线性系统理论．清华大学出版社．1990．
[25] 吴旭光．控制系统计算机仿真．西北工业大学出版社．1990．
[26] 拉苏辛．列宁格勒工学院结构超音速双级涡轮机的计算数学模 型．圣．彼得堡．1997
[27] 乌谢宁 ． ．开式涡轮机设计计算的数学模型M-1． 俄罗斯．1995
[28] 翁史烈．船舶动力装置仿真技术．上海交通大学出版社．1991．
[29] Leonard Greiner . Underwater Missile propulsion. Compass Publications 1967
[30] J.F. Louis. Axial Flow Contra-Rotating Turbines. Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit Houston, Texas-March 18-21,1985
[31] Ennio Macchi Giovanni Lozza . Comparison of Partial vs Full Admission for Small Turbines at Low Specific Speeds. Gas Turbine Conferences and Exhibit Houston, Texas-Mardch 18-21,1985
[32] Fred Maryanski. Digital Computer Simulation. Hayden Book Company,Inc.N.J.1990．
[33] J.K.Watterson and S.Raghunathan . Numerical Analysis of Wells Turbine. Aerodynamics Department of Aeronautical Engineering. The queen's University of Belfast.Belfast United Kingdom. AIAA. 98-0363