基于变风量控制方式的冷藏集装箱船舱通风系统的节能研究
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摘要
受运价下跌和国际原油价格大幅上涨双重影响,现在许多船公司都面临着巨大的成本压力,同时,随着国际海事组织对海洋环境保护要求的提高,使得节能问题已是势在必行。
随着微电子技术和电力电子学的发展,变频调速的应用日益广泛,采用变频调速器改变风机电机转速,实现节能的技术同趋成熟。
本文主要是对冷藏集装箱在船舱装载情况下的通风散热系统耗能进行理论分析,并建立一套能够节省电能的控制系统,然后运用MATLAB-SIMULINK工具对其进行仿真模拟,最后通过实验证明,采用变频风机的通风散热系统是可行的,节能的。
本文主要内容包括以下三个部分:
首先,介绍了目前冷藏集装箱及冷藏集装箱船舶运输的概况,冷藏集装箱装载在船舱里存在的散热通风问题,针对船舱排风温度随外界环境变化的特点,经过理论分析,得出如采用变频调节就会有很好的节能效果。
其次,建立了冷臧集装箱在船舱装载情况下的散热风机变频控制系统的数学模型,和冷藏集装箱在船舱装载情况下的散热风机变频控制系统的控制方案(采用PID控制),运用MATLAB对整个散热系统的变频节能进行了仿真模拟研究。
最后,通过实验验证理论分析与仿真结果的正确性,并对变频节能的经济性进行分析。
本文主要采用自动控制技术(PID控制)、变频技术及MATLAB仿真模拟和实验研究等手段来探讨用变频风机代替常规风机,用变风量代替定风量情况下的冷藏集装箱船舱通风散热系统的节能问题。
Due to the influence of the declining transport price and rising price of international crude petroleum, currently many shipping companies are facing to great cost pressure. And due to stricter rules form International Maritime Organization; energy efficiency problem is extremely urgent task at present.
Along with the development of micro-electronic technology and power electronics, the varied frequency technique is increasingly used. For saving energy in the venting system, the varied rate fans are used to replace the constant rate fans. In this paper, the theoretical analysis method is used to research the energy saving of the heat dissipation and ventilation system in cabin, and, with the help of the MATLAB-SIMULINK tool, apply the simulation technique to imitate the system.
The thesis includes the following three parts.
Firstly, the paper tells us the survey of the present air temperature changes with outside environment, and the ventilation and heat radiation technology of refrigeration container in holder. Meanwhile it states the features about the varied frequency adjustment venting system, analyses it and draw the conclusion that people can obtain good result by applying variable regulation technology.
Secondly, the author develops the models and the controlling designs (adoption of PID control) under the circumstance of the refrigerated containers in holds. On the other hand, the thesis applies MATLAB into making simulation research about variable regulation and energy efficiency technology of whole ventilation and heat radiation system.
Lastly, the author verifies the correctness of theoretical analyses and simulation result with the experiments and makes the economical analyses of the varied frequency simulation technology.
The thesis mainly discusses how people substitute the constant rate fans with the varied rate fans with the application of the automatic control technology (PID control), varied frequency simulation technique by MATLAB, a MATLBA simulation and experiment research and some other means; and discusses the energy efficiency problem of the ventilation and heat radiation technology of refrigeration container in holder at the situation of constant air volume (CAV) substituted by the variable air volume (VAV).
随着微电子技术和电力电子学的发展,变频调速的应用日益广泛,采用变频调速器改变风机电机转速,实现节能的技术同趋成熟。
本文主要是对冷藏集装箱在船舱装载情况下的通风散热系统耗能进行理论分析,并建立一套能够节省电能的控制系统,然后运用MATLAB-SIMULINK工具对其进行仿真模拟,最后通过实验证明,采用变频风机的通风散热系统是可行的,节能的。
本文主要内容包括以下三个部分:
首先,介绍了目前冷藏集装箱及冷藏集装箱船舶运输的概况,冷藏集装箱装载在船舱里存在的散热通风问题,针对船舱排风温度随外界环境变化的特点,经过理论分析,得出如采用变频调节就会有很好的节能效果。
其次,建立了冷臧集装箱在船舱装载情况下的散热风机变频控制系统的数学模型,和冷藏集装箱在船舱装载情况下的散热风机变频控制系统的控制方案(采用PID控制),运用MATLAB对整个散热系统的变频节能进行了仿真模拟研究。
最后,通过实验验证理论分析与仿真结果的正确性,并对变频节能的经济性进行分析。
本文主要采用自动控制技术(PID控制)、变频技术及MATLAB仿真模拟和实验研究等手段来探讨用变频风机代替常规风机,用变风量代替定风量情况下的冷藏集装箱船舱通风散热系统的节能问题。
Due to the influence of the declining transport price and rising price of international crude petroleum, currently many shipping companies are facing to great cost pressure. And due to stricter rules form International Maritime Organization; energy efficiency problem is extremely urgent task at present.
Along with the development of micro-electronic technology and power electronics, the varied frequency technique is increasingly used. For saving energy in the venting system, the varied rate fans are used to replace the constant rate fans. In this paper, the theoretical analysis method is used to research the energy saving of the heat dissipation and ventilation system in cabin, and, with the help of the MATLAB-SIMULINK tool, apply the simulation technique to imitate the system.
The thesis includes the following three parts.
Firstly, the paper tells us the survey of the present air temperature changes with outside environment, and the ventilation and heat radiation technology of refrigeration container in holder. Meanwhile it states the features about the varied frequency adjustment venting system, analyses it and draw the conclusion that people can obtain good result by applying variable regulation technology.
Secondly, the author develops the models and the controlling designs (adoption of PID control) under the circumstance of the refrigerated containers in holds. On the other hand, the thesis applies MATLAB into making simulation research about variable regulation and energy efficiency technology of whole ventilation and heat radiation system.
Lastly, the author verifies the correctness of theoretical analyses and simulation result with the experiments and makes the economical analyses of the varied frequency simulation technology.
The thesis mainly discusses how people substitute the constant rate fans with the varied rate fans with the application of the automatic control technology (PID control), varied frequency simulation technique by MATLAB, a MATLBA simulation and experiment research and some other means; and discusses the energy efficiency problem of the ventilation and heat radiation technology of refrigeration container in holder at the situation of constant air volume (CAV) substituted by the variable air volume (VAV).
引文
1.卢士勋.我国冷藏集装箱技术发展和应用概况.制冷技术,2004(3)
2.范志勤.400TEU全冷藏集装箱船设计要点简介.船舶设计通讯,2002.6
3.李鑫.浅谈冷藏集装箱船货舱通风设计.船舶设计通讯,2005.12
4.施鼎岳.舱内装载风冷式冷藏集装箱的货舱通风量计算.船舶,2001.06
5.韩厚德、孙永明.船舶空调动态热负荷及压缩机变频能量控制研究.机电设备,1999(4)
6.沙毅,闻建龙.泵与风机.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.8
7.陈园呈.PWM变频调速技术(第一版).北京:机械工业出版社,1998
8.王建明,李训铭.变风量系统空调房间建模与特性参数估算.计算机,2007.07
9.周光垌,严宗毅,许世雄,章克本.流体力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004
10.王世良.机械制冷冷藏集装箱与运输.北京:人民交通出版社,2005.08
11.谢克明,王柏林.自动控制原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
12.孙祥,徐流美,吴清.MATLAB7.0基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社
13.张国利.办公建筑中桌面工位空调的系统控制研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.12
14.晋欣桥,王盛卫.多区域VAV空调系统及其局部DDC控制器的动态模拟,制冷学报,1999(1).-17-24
15.李琳琳.变风量(VAV)空调系统的DDC控制.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.04
16.刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真(第二版),2005
17.王正林,王胜开,陈国顺.MATLAB/Simulink与控制系统仿真.北京:电子工业出版社2005.7
18.王军,王雁,邵惠鹤.前馈补偿法在空调系统控制中的应用.上海交通大学学报,2005.02
19.胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版).北京:科学出版社,2001
20.陈向阳.变风量空调系统的自动控制.暖通空调,1997,27(3):34-39
21.梅雪莲.冷藏集装箱环境室测控系统研究.上海海事大学硕士论文,2005.06
22.费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.机械工业出版社,第3版,1995
23.刘扬,张华丽等.测量数据处理及误差理论.原子能出版社,1997
24.吕崇德主编.热工参数测量与处理(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001.9
25.Zhao Zai,Special Measure to Solve Match Problem in Air Condition System,Journal of Wuhan tansporfation University,1999(6)
26.Mircea Enachescu Dauthy,Fruit and vegetable processing,Food and Agriculture Organization,1995
27.王世良.冷藏箱技术发展回顾与趋势[J].集装箱化,2003(12)
28.杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006
29.C.P.Tso,Y.W.Wong,P.G.Jollyand S.M.Ng,A comparison of hot-gas by-pass and suction modulation method for partial load control in refrigerated shipping containers,International Journal of Refrigeration,Volume 24,Issue 6,September 2001,Pages 544-553
30.P.G.Jolly,C.P.Tso,Y.W.Wong and S.M.Ng,Simulation and measurement on the full-load performance of a refrigeration system in a shipping container.Int J of Refrigeration 23 2(2000),pp.112-126
31.Dellacasa,Refrigerated transport by sea,International Journal of Refrigeration 10(1987),pp.349-352
32.丁国良,Oellrich L.R.冰箱箱内空气温度场和流场的优化研究,制冷学报,1998(1)
33.陈芝久.制冷装置自动化.北京:机械工业出社,2002.8
34.周荣政.用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行交流调速系统的仿真.湖北工学院学报1998.5
35.黄健,杜恩杰,石文星.国内外食品冷藏链行业的现状与发展,食品科学,2004.11
36.戴斌文,狄洪发,江亿.变风量空调系统总风量控制方法.暖通空调,2000.29(3):1-6
37.霍小平.中央空调自控系统设计.第一版北京:中国电力出版社,2004,91-95
38.蔡敬琅.变风量空调设计.中国建筑工业出版社,1997:1-2
2.范志勤.400TEU全冷藏集装箱船设计要点简介.船舶设计通讯,2002.6
3.李鑫.浅谈冷藏集装箱船货舱通风设计.船舶设计通讯,2005.12
4.施鼎岳.舱内装载风冷式冷藏集装箱的货舱通风量计算.船舶,2001.06
5.韩厚德、孙永明.船舶空调动态热负荷及压缩机变频能量控制研究.机电设备,1999(4)
6.沙毅,闻建龙.泵与风机.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.8
7.陈园呈.PWM变频调速技术(第一版).北京:机械工业出版社,1998
8.王建明,李训铭.变风量系统空调房间建模与特性参数估算.计算机,2007.07
9.周光垌,严宗毅,许世雄,章克本.流体力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004
10.王世良.机械制冷冷藏集装箱与运输.北京:人民交通出版社,2005.08
11.谢克明,王柏林.自动控制原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
12.孙祥,徐流美,吴清.MATLAB7.0基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社
13.张国利.办公建筑中桌面工位空调的系统控制研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.12
14.晋欣桥,王盛卫.多区域VAV空调系统及其局部DDC控制器的动态模拟,制冷学报,1999(1).-17-24
15.李琳琳.变风量(VAV)空调系统的DDC控制.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.04
16.刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真(第二版),2005
17.王正林,王胜开,陈国顺.MATLAB/Simulink与控制系统仿真.北京:电子工业出版社2005.7
18.王军,王雁,邵惠鹤.前馈补偿法在空调系统控制中的应用.上海交通大学学报,2005.02
19.胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版).北京:科学出版社,2001
20.陈向阳.变风量空调系统的自动控制.暖通空调,1997,27(3):34-39
21.梅雪莲.冷藏集装箱环境室测控系统研究.上海海事大学硕士论文,2005.06
22.费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.机械工业出版社,第3版,1995
23.刘扬,张华丽等.测量数据处理及误差理论.原子能出版社,1997
24.吕崇德主编.热工参数测量与处理(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001.9
25.Zhao Zai,Special Measure to Solve Match Problem in Air Condition System,Journal of Wuhan tansporfation University,1999(6)
26.Mircea Enachescu Dauthy,Fruit and vegetable processing,Food and Agriculture Organization,1995
27.王世良.冷藏箱技术发展回顾与趋势[J].集装箱化,2003(12)
28.杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006
29.C.P.Tso,Y.W.Wong,P.G.Jollyand S.M.Ng,A comparison of hot-gas by-pass and suction modulation method for partial load control in refrigerated shipping containers,International Journal of Refrigeration,Volume 24,Issue 6,September 2001,Pages 544-553
30.P.G.Jolly,C.P.Tso,Y.W.Wong and S.M.Ng,Simulation and measurement on the full-load performance of a refrigeration system in a shipping container.Int J of Refrigeration 23 2(2000),pp.112-126
31.Dellacasa,Refrigerated transport by sea,International Journal of Refrigeration 10(1987),pp.349-352
32.丁国良,Oellrich L.R.冰箱箱内空气温度场和流场的优化研究,制冷学报,1998(1)
33.陈芝久.制冷装置自动化.北京:机械工业出社,2002.8
34.周荣政.用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行交流调速系统的仿真.湖北工学院学报1998.5
35.黄健,杜恩杰,石文星.国内外食品冷藏链行业的现状与发展,食品科学,2004.11
36.戴斌文,狄洪发,江亿.变风量空调系统总风量控制方法.暖通空调,2000.29(3):1-6
37.霍小平.中央空调自控系统设计.第一版北京:中国电力出版社,2004,91-95
38.蔡敬琅.变风量空调设计.中国建筑工业出版社,1997:1-2