西部复杂山地地震勘探关键技术应用研究
|
摘要
山前冲断带是世界含油气盆地主要勘探领域,也是近10年来的勘探热点。然而,在该类地区往往是恶劣的地表地形条件和复杂的地下地质构造同体并存,开展地震勘探工作,必将对地球物理勘探技术的进步与发展提出严峻的挑战。
以准噶尔盆地南缘米泉、阿什里区块为主要攻关靶区,针对勘探技术难点,抓住制约勘探的关键技术,通过方法理论研究和野外地震攻关的实施,地震资料品质有了较大的提高。
1、在分析传统观测系统设计方法及复杂山前地下结构特点的基础上,提出了基于模型、面向目标的地震波照明和观测系统优化设计方法。
2、采用采用多种表层结构调查方法相结合的复杂山前精细表层调查结构方法,取得了较好的效果。
3、针对复杂山地静校正问题突出的特点,采用综合表层结构模型约束下的层析静校正技术取得了良好的应用效果。
4、利用高精度遥感信息定量优选物理点,提出了根据激发岩性与激发层速度的匹配关系科学选择激发速度层、根据不同地表岩性分区选择不同的检波器组合方式的精细激发接收技术。
5、基于CRS—OIS技术的提高低信噪比资料处理与叠加成像、基于偏移与反偏移的成像策略与偏移成像技术的应用可以显著提高叠前道集的信噪比,提高了叠加剖面和偏移剖面的成像质量,有效改善了倾斜反射层、深层及逆掩逆掩断层下的构造成像。
通过山前地球物理勘探技术攻关,在方法技术上实现了两大转变:
一是数据采集方面实现了由“井深、药量、检波器组合”向“分区分带分段选择采集方式和逐线逐段逐点选择激发条件、基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计、精细的表层结构模型调查与复杂山地静校正技术的应用”等技术的转变;
二是数据处理方面实现了由“简单去噪、CMP叠加、叠后偏移等技术”向“叠前、叠后联合多域去噪、CRS叠加、叠前时间(深度)偏移等技术”的转变。
Foothill thrust belts are the main exploration areas in world's petroliferous basins; they are also the exploration hotspot in this decade.However,there are complex surface features and underground geological structures cohabited in complex foothill belts.These are great challenges to the application of geophysical exploration technology in these areas with complex surface and underground geological conditions.
We targeted mainly on Miquan and Ashili areas in southern Junggar basin,and enhanced dramatically the seismic material quality through focusing on the difficulties in exploration technology,controlled the key technology in exploration.
1、Based on analyzing traditional seismic survey design method and complex surface and underground foothill's structural characteristics,we proposed a model-based,objective-oriented seismic illumination and optimal seismic survey design method,got practical application results.
2、Combining many surface structure investigation methods,we examined complex foothill belt in great detail,which is not only helpful for constructing precise surface structure model,but also fundamentally beneficial to solving complex foothill static correction problem.
3、Static correction is difficult in complex foothill,so we take use of tomographical static correction technology constrained by integrated surface structure model,which got great application results.
4、Making use of high-precision satellite remote sensing information to pick optimal physical point,we establish precise shot-receiving technology by choosing shot layer based on the relationship between shot lithological feature and shot layer velocity,choosing optimal geophone array based on different surface lithological feature.
5、By data processing for enhancing signal to noise ratio and stack imaging on the basis of CRS-OIS technique and imaging technique based on migration and anti-migration,the imaging quality of stack profiles-and migration profiles are enhanced,structureal imaging under the tilted reflective layer,deep and overriding fault get improved effectively.
By technique difficulty testing about geophysical exploration in the mountainous areas,we achive two big change on gathing and processing technique:
The first chang is from "the combination of well depth、medicinal quantity and detector" technique to "gathing method with different area、belt and segment,line by line,step by step and roll-along selection of shooting conditions,optimal layout design for the object based on model,elaborate surface structure model investigation and the application of complex mountainous areas static correction techniques,etc."
The second change is from "simple denoising、CMP stacking、poststack migration technique,etc" to "the combinated multi-domain denoising、CRS stacking、prestack time(depth)migration technique,etc".
以准噶尔盆地南缘米泉、阿什里区块为主要攻关靶区,针对勘探技术难点,抓住制约勘探的关键技术,通过方法理论研究和野外地震攻关的实施,地震资料品质有了较大的提高。
1、在分析传统观测系统设计方法及复杂山前地下结构特点的基础上,提出了基于模型、面向目标的地震波照明和观测系统优化设计方法。
2、采用采用多种表层结构调查方法相结合的复杂山前精细表层调查结构方法,取得了较好的效果。
3、针对复杂山地静校正问题突出的特点,采用综合表层结构模型约束下的层析静校正技术取得了良好的应用效果。
4、利用高精度遥感信息定量优选物理点,提出了根据激发岩性与激发层速度的匹配关系科学选择激发速度层、根据不同地表岩性分区选择不同的检波器组合方式的精细激发接收技术。
5、基于CRS—OIS技术的提高低信噪比资料处理与叠加成像、基于偏移与反偏移的成像策略与偏移成像技术的应用可以显著提高叠前道集的信噪比,提高了叠加剖面和偏移剖面的成像质量,有效改善了倾斜反射层、深层及逆掩逆掩断层下的构造成像。
通过山前地球物理勘探技术攻关,在方法技术上实现了两大转变:
一是数据采集方面实现了由“井深、药量、检波器组合”向“分区分带分段选择采集方式和逐线逐段逐点选择激发条件、基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计、精细的表层结构模型调查与复杂山地静校正技术的应用”等技术的转变;
二是数据处理方面实现了由“简单去噪、CMP叠加、叠后偏移等技术”向“叠前、叠后联合多域去噪、CRS叠加、叠前时间(深度)偏移等技术”的转变。
Foothill thrust belts are the main exploration areas in world's petroliferous basins; they are also the exploration hotspot in this decade.However,there are complex surface features and underground geological structures cohabited in complex foothill belts.These are great challenges to the application of geophysical exploration technology in these areas with complex surface and underground geological conditions.
We targeted mainly on Miquan and Ashili areas in southern Junggar basin,and enhanced dramatically the seismic material quality through focusing on the difficulties in exploration technology,controlled the key technology in exploration.
1、Based on analyzing traditional seismic survey design method and complex surface and underground foothill's structural characteristics,we proposed a model-based,objective-oriented seismic illumination and optimal seismic survey design method,got practical application results.
2、Combining many surface structure investigation methods,we examined complex foothill belt in great detail,which is not only helpful for constructing precise surface structure model,but also fundamentally beneficial to solving complex foothill static correction problem.
3、Static correction is difficult in complex foothill,so we take use of tomographical static correction technology constrained by integrated surface structure model,which got great application results.
4、Making use of high-precision satellite remote sensing information to pick optimal physical point,we establish precise shot-receiving technology by choosing shot layer based on the relationship between shot lithological feature and shot layer velocity,choosing optimal geophone array based on different surface lithological feature.
5、By data processing for enhancing signal to noise ratio and stack imaging on the basis of CRS-OIS technique and imaging technique based on migration and anti-migration,the imaging quality of stack profiles-and migration profiles are enhanced,structureal imaging under the tilted reflective layer,deep and overriding fault get improved effectively.
By technique difficulty testing about geophysical exploration in the mountainous areas,we achive two big change on gathing and processing technique:
The first chang is from "the combination of well depth、medicinal quantity and detector" technique to "gathing method with different area、belt and segment,line by line,step by step and roll-along selection of shooting conditions,optimal layout design for the object based on model,elaborate surface structure model investigation and the application of complex mountainous areas static correction techniques,etc."
The second change is from "simple denoising、CMP stacking、poststack migration technique,etc" to "the combinated multi-domain denoising、CRS stacking、prestack time(depth)migration technique,etc".
引文
[1]王咸彬,曹辉,郭全仕,等.真(全)三维构造解释技术初探[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):89-94.
[2]王咸彬.全三维储层解释技术及其应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):480-485.
[3]王咸彬.塔河南地区三叠系中油组储层预测[J].石油物探,2008,第3期.
[4]王咸彬.VSP井控地震处理技术及其在LS地区的应用[J].石油物探,2008,第3期.
[5]王咸彬.地震属性的研究与应用[J].石油物探,2004,S1.
[6]贺振华主编.反射地震资料的偏移与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989.
[7]贺振华,黄德济,胡光峨等等著.复杂油气藏地震波场特征方法理论及应用[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1999.
[8]贺振华,李亚林,曹均,等.地层温压条件下超声波侧试技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(2):84-87.
[9]黄德济,贺振华,包吉山编著.地震勘探资料数字处理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[4]马在田.地震成像技术有限差分法偏移[M].石油工业出版社,1989.
[5]马在田等.反射地震学论文集[M].同济大学出版社,2000.
[6]王华忠,杨锴,马在田.共反射面元(CRS)叠加的应用理论与实践,Ⅰ:应用理论基础--从共反射点(CRP)到共反射面元(CRS)[J].地球物理学报,2003,第6期.
[7]杨锴,王华忠,马在田.共反射面元(CRS)叠加的应用理论与实践,Ⅱ:实践[J].地球物理学报.2004,第1期.
[8]杨锴,马在田.输出道成像方式的共反射面元叠加方法,Ⅰ:理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):546-553.
[9]杨锴,马在田,罗卫东.输出道成像方式的共反射面元叠加方法,Ⅱ:实践.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):546-553.
[10]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化[J].石油物探,2001,第1期.
[11]董良国.复杂地表条件下地震波传播数值模拟[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,第3期.
[12]熊翥.我国西部山前冲断带油气勘探地震技术的几点思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,29(1).
[13]邓志文,倪宇东.复杂山地三维地震采集技术[J].石油物探,2002,41(1).
[14]唐建人等.高分辨率地震勘探理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版,2001.
[15]赵殿栋等.高精度三维地震采集技术应用效果[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1-7.
[16]赵殿栋,郭建,王咸彬等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2).
[17]阎世信等.山地地球物理勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[18]熊翥.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术(数据采集)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[19]熊翥.复杂地区地震数据处理思路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[20]熊蠢.中国西部物探工作的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,第2期.
[21]张德忠.复杂地表地区地震勘探实例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[22]邹贤华,朱培云,熊翥.准噶尔盆地南缘山地地震勘探采集方法与技术[J].天然气工业,2005,25(2).
[23]赵军国,宋玉龙,魏福吉,等.山前带地震采集技术研究--新疆和田桑株地区采集实例[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):224-228,236.
[24]吴迪 李海翔 关业志.组合接收和激发采集技术中的组合中心研究[J].勘探地球物理 进展,2007,30(2).
[25]高银波 张研.关于井炮激发参数优化设计的思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,21(3).
[26]林伯香.最小静校正误差浮动基准面方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6).
[27]刘艳明等.鄂、渝湘地区高陡构造叠前成像技术研究[J].石油物探,2000,第4期。
[28]常子恒主编,石油勘探开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[29]中国石油天然气集团公司、地球物理勘探局、中国新星石油公司石油物探研究所情报室,《美国勘探地球物理学家学会第67届年会论文集》,石油工业出版社,1999.
[30]周锦明,熊翥.地震数据精细处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
[31]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[32]熊翥.我国物探技术的进步及展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6).
[33]张永刚.油气地球物理技术新进展,第71、72届SEG年会论文摘要[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
[34]张永刚.油气地球物理技术新进展,第73届SEG年会论文摘要[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[35]Y.C.Kim.高效地建立叠前深度偏移的速度模型[J].The leading Edge,1996,15(6).
[36]M.Nurul Kabir等.基于CFP技术用于速度分析的约束参数反演法[J].Geophysics,2000,65(4).
[37]Ian F.Jones等.3一D叠前深度偏移与速度建模[J].The leading Edge,1998,17(7).
[38]Greg Ball著,高章伟译.用三维深度偏移精确预测目标深度实例[J].国外油气勘探,1997,,9(4):436-450.
[39]Ouglas Hanson等,曾庆芹译.3-D叠前深度偏移[J].国外油气勘探,9(4):461-474
[40]Ian F.Jones等著,陈祖平译.一种3D叠前深度成像的关健方法[J].国外油气勘探,9(4):475-484.
[41]Robert D.Mannt等.Using 3-D visualization to image the salt/sediment interface Vermilion Bay Field Louisiana,The leading Edge,2001,20(12):1385-1388.
[42]Audebert F.CRP-scans:3D PreSDM velocity analysis Via Zero-offset tomographic inversion,Expanded Abstracts of 67th SEG Mtg,1997.
[43]Kim Yc,samuelsen CM,Hauge TA.Efficient velocity model building for prestack depth migration,The leading Edge,1996,15(6):751-753.
[44]Berryhill R.T.Wave-equation datuming before stack,Geophysics,49,1984,2064-2066.
[46]Yilmaz O.and Lucas D.Prestack layer replacement:Geophysics,51,1986,1355-1369.
[47]Liu,Z.,and Bleistein,N.,1992,Velocity analysis by resdual moveout:1992 SEG expanded abstracts,P.1034.
[48]Popovici,A.M.,1996,Prestack migration by split-step DSR.Geophysics.61,5,1412-1416.
[2]王咸彬.全三维储层解释技术及其应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):480-485.
[3]王咸彬.塔河南地区三叠系中油组储层预测[J].石油物探,2008,第3期.
[4]王咸彬.VSP井控地震处理技术及其在LS地区的应用[J].石油物探,2008,第3期.
[5]王咸彬.地震属性的研究与应用[J].石油物探,2004,S1.
[6]贺振华主编.反射地震资料的偏移与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989.
[7]贺振华,黄德济,胡光峨等等著.复杂油气藏地震波场特征方法理论及应用[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1999.
[8]贺振华,李亚林,曹均,等.地层温压条件下超声波侧试技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(2):84-87.
[9]黄德济,贺振华,包吉山编著.地震勘探资料数字处理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[4]马在田.地震成像技术有限差分法偏移[M].石油工业出版社,1989.
[5]马在田等.反射地震学论文集[M].同济大学出版社,2000.
[6]王华忠,杨锴,马在田.共反射面元(CRS)叠加的应用理论与实践,Ⅰ:应用理论基础--从共反射点(CRP)到共反射面元(CRS)[J].地球物理学报,2003,第6期.
[7]杨锴,王华忠,马在田.共反射面元(CRS)叠加的应用理论与实践,Ⅱ:实践[J].地球物理学报.2004,第1期.
[8]杨锴,马在田.输出道成像方式的共反射面元叠加方法,Ⅰ:理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):546-553.
[9]杨锴,马在田,罗卫东.输出道成像方式的共反射面元叠加方法,Ⅱ:实践.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):546-553.
[10]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化[J].石油物探,2001,第1期.
[11]董良国.复杂地表条件下地震波传播数值模拟[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,第3期.
[12]熊翥.我国西部山前冲断带油气勘探地震技术的几点思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,29(1).
[13]邓志文,倪宇东.复杂山地三维地震采集技术[J].石油物探,2002,41(1).
[14]唐建人等.高分辨率地震勘探理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版,2001.
[15]赵殿栋等.高精度三维地震采集技术应用效果[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1-7.
[16]赵殿栋,郭建,王咸彬等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2).
[17]阎世信等.山地地球物理勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[18]熊翥.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术(数据采集)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[19]熊翥.复杂地区地震数据处理思路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[20]熊蠢.中国西部物探工作的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,第2期.
[21]张德忠.复杂地表地区地震勘探实例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[22]邹贤华,朱培云,熊翥.准噶尔盆地南缘山地地震勘探采集方法与技术[J].天然气工业,2005,25(2).
[23]赵军国,宋玉龙,魏福吉,等.山前带地震采集技术研究--新疆和田桑株地区采集实例[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):224-228,236.
[24]吴迪 李海翔 关业志.组合接收和激发采集技术中的组合中心研究[J].勘探地球物理 进展,2007,30(2).
[25]高银波 张研.关于井炮激发参数优化设计的思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,21(3).
[26]林伯香.最小静校正误差浮动基准面方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6).
[27]刘艳明等.鄂、渝湘地区高陡构造叠前成像技术研究[J].石油物探,2000,第4期。
[28]常子恒主编,石油勘探开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[29]中国石油天然气集团公司、地球物理勘探局、中国新星石油公司石油物探研究所情报室,《美国勘探地球物理学家学会第67届年会论文集》,石油工业出版社,1999.
[30]周锦明,熊翥.地震数据精细处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
[31]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[32]熊翥.我国物探技术的进步及展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6).
[33]张永刚.油气地球物理技术新进展,第71、72届SEG年会论文摘要[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
[34]张永刚.油气地球物理技术新进展,第73届SEG年会论文摘要[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[35]Y.C.Kim.高效地建立叠前深度偏移的速度模型[J].The leading Edge,1996,15(6).
[36]M.Nurul Kabir等.基于CFP技术用于速度分析的约束参数反演法[J].Geophysics,2000,65(4).
[37]Ian F.Jones等.3一D叠前深度偏移与速度建模[J].The leading Edge,1998,17(7).
[38]Greg Ball著,高章伟译.用三维深度偏移精确预测目标深度实例[J].国外油气勘探,1997,,9(4):436-450.
[39]Ouglas Hanson等,曾庆芹译.3-D叠前深度偏移[J].国外油气勘探,9(4):461-474
[40]Ian F.Jones等著,陈祖平译.一种3D叠前深度成像的关健方法[J].国外油气勘探,9(4):475-484.
[41]Robert D.Mannt等.Using 3-D visualization to image the salt/sediment interface Vermilion Bay Field Louisiana,The leading Edge,2001,20(12):1385-1388.
[42]Audebert F.CRP-scans:3D PreSDM velocity analysis Via Zero-offset tomographic inversion,Expanded Abstracts of 67th SEG Mtg,1997.
[43]Kim Yc,samuelsen CM,Hauge TA.Efficient velocity model building for prestack depth migration,The leading Edge,1996,15(6):751-753.
[44]Berryhill R.T.Wave-equation datuming before stack,Geophysics,49,1984,2064-2066.
[46]Yilmaz O.and Lucas D.Prestack layer replacement:Geophysics,51,1986,1355-1369.
[47]Liu,Z.,and Bleistein,N.,1992,Velocity analysis by resdual moveout:1992 SEG expanded abstracts,P.1034.
[48]Popovici,A.M.,1996,Prestack migration by split-step DSR.Geophysics.61,5,1412-1416.