波概念迭代法在微波平面电路中的应用研究
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摘要
随着微波电路的快速发展,用于电磁场分析的数值方法也随之不断发展。但是大多数传统方法都有着大内存的需求和长时间的计算,像目前很常用的矩量法,有限元法和有限差分法等。本文引入一种基于空域结合、谱域变换的波概念迭代方法(WCIP)。该方法对平面电路的不连续性表面剖分网格,在此表面上建立波源和反射波之间的迭代关系,采用傅立叶模式变换,避免了基函数的选取和大矩阵的逆转换,节省了内存,可以有效提高计算速度。本文主要工作如下:
首先,本文阐述了波概念迭代法的原理。推导了空域散射算子的表达形式;引入了多端口网络中WCIP的建立方法;描述了具有周期结构的频率选择表面的波概念迭代法分析原理;通过与传统数值计算方法在计算复杂度方面的对比,证明了该方法的优势所在。
其次,本文运用WCIP对几种微波平面电路展开分析,验证了该方法分析微波平面电路的准确性和高效性,并扩展了该方法的应用范围。第一,对微带贴片天线进行分析,仿真了的贴片所在表面的电场分布,求解了微带贴片天线的回波损耗、电压驻波比等参数。接着分析了H型贴片天线以及缝隙加载H型双频天线,得到了满意的效果。第二,对微带滤波器进行分析,计算了开环耦合微带带通滤波器的S参数。第三,将WCIP应用于频率选择表面的研究,通过计算一个谐振单元的特性,结合周期结构固有的规律,达到分析频率选择表面整个电路特性的目的,简化了分析过程,提升了计算效率;并通过改变相关参数,得到了频率选择表面传输系数随参数变化时的频率响应变化规律。
With the rapid development of microwave circuit, various kinds of numerical methods for electromagnetic field analysis are also developed to accommodate with it. But most traditional methods, such as MOM, FEM and FDTD, need a large memory requirements and long computation. In this paper, the wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP), based on transformation between spatial domain and spectral domain, is introduced. In this method, the discontinuity plane of microwave circuit is divided into small rectangular cells. Iterative relationship of wave sources and reflected waves is created on the plane. The Fast Fourier Mode Transform is used, which avoids the selection of base function and inverse conversion of large matrix, saves some memory, and improves computing speed effectively. The work of this dissertation is as follows:
On the one hand, in this paper, the principle of the wave concept iterative procedure is described. The expression form of spatial diffraction operation is further concluded. The spatial diffraction operation is derived under the multiple port networks. The principle of the WCIP for FSS of periodic structure is studied. The operation’s number is compared between WCIP and the traditional algorithm, which verifies the efficiency of this method.
On the other hand, the microwave planer circuit is analyzed by using the WCIP, which verifies the correctness and efficiency of the WCIP, expands the use of this method. Firstly, Microstrip patch antenna is analyzed. The fields distribution of the patch surface is simulated, the return loss and VSWR of Microstrip patch antenna are solved. Then an H-shaped patch antenna and slot-loaded H-shaped dual-frequency antenna are studied, satisfactory results are achieved. Secondly, the Microstrip filter is studied and S parameter of the open loop resonator band-pass filter is calculated. Ultimately, the WCIP is extended to analysis the frequency selective surfaces (FSS). By calculate the characteristics of one cell, combining with the law of periodic structure, the characteristics of whole FSS circuit are analyzed, which simplifies the process and enhance the efficiency of analysis. By changing the relevant parameters, the frequency response of FSS transmission coefficient are obtained.
首先,本文阐述了波概念迭代法的原理。推导了空域散射算子的表达形式;引入了多端口网络中WCIP的建立方法;描述了具有周期结构的频率选择表面的波概念迭代法分析原理;通过与传统数值计算方法在计算复杂度方面的对比,证明了该方法的优势所在。
其次,本文运用WCIP对几种微波平面电路展开分析,验证了该方法分析微波平面电路的准确性和高效性,并扩展了该方法的应用范围。第一,对微带贴片天线进行分析,仿真了的贴片所在表面的电场分布,求解了微带贴片天线的回波损耗、电压驻波比等参数。接着分析了H型贴片天线以及缝隙加载H型双频天线,得到了满意的效果。第二,对微带滤波器进行分析,计算了开环耦合微带带通滤波器的S参数。第三,将WCIP应用于频率选择表面的研究,通过计算一个谐振单元的特性,结合周期结构固有的规律,达到分析频率选择表面整个电路特性的目的,简化了分析过程,提升了计算效率;并通过改变相关参数,得到了频率选择表面传输系数随参数变化时的频率响应变化规律。
With the rapid development of microwave circuit, various kinds of numerical methods for electromagnetic field analysis are also developed to accommodate with it. But most traditional methods, such as MOM, FEM and FDTD, need a large memory requirements and long computation. In this paper, the wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP), based on transformation between spatial domain and spectral domain, is introduced. In this method, the discontinuity plane of microwave circuit is divided into small rectangular cells. Iterative relationship of wave sources and reflected waves is created on the plane. The Fast Fourier Mode Transform is used, which avoids the selection of base function and inverse conversion of large matrix, saves some memory, and improves computing speed effectively. The work of this dissertation is as follows:
On the one hand, in this paper, the principle of the wave concept iterative procedure is described. The expression form of spatial diffraction operation is further concluded. The spatial diffraction operation is derived under the multiple port networks. The principle of the WCIP for FSS of periodic structure is studied. The operation’s number is compared between WCIP and the traditional algorithm, which verifies the efficiency of this method.
On the other hand, the microwave planer circuit is analyzed by using the WCIP, which verifies the correctness and efficiency of the WCIP, expands the use of this method. Firstly, Microstrip patch antenna is analyzed. The fields distribution of the patch surface is simulated, the return loss and VSWR of Microstrip patch antenna are solved. Then an H-shaped patch antenna and slot-loaded H-shaped dual-frequency antenna are studied, satisfactory results are achieved. Secondly, the Microstrip filter is studied and S parameter of the open loop resonator band-pass filter is calculated. Ultimately, the WCIP is extended to analysis the frequency selective surfaces (FSS). By calculate the characteristics of one cell, combining with the law of periodic structure, the characteristics of whole FSS circuit are analyzed, which simplifies the process and enhance the efficiency of analysis. By changing the relevant parameters, the frequency response of FSS transmission coefficient are obtained.
引文
[1] David M.Pozar.微波工程[M].张肇仪,周乐柱,吴德明等译.第三版.电子工业出版社.2001.
[2]倪光正,杨仕友,钱秀英等.工程电磁场数值计算[M].机械工业出版社.2004.
[3] R. F. Harrington, Field computation by moment method [M], IEEE Press, New York, 1993.
[4]金建铭(美).电磁场有限元方法[M].王建国译.西安电子科技大学出版社.1998.
[5]王长清,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分法[M].北京大学出版社.1994.
[6]谢拥军,刘莹等. HFSS原理与工程应用[M].科学出版社. 2009.
[7] M. Azizi, M.Boussouis,H.Aubert et al. A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF PLANAR DISCONTINUITIES BY AN ITERATIVE METHOD [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 1996, 13(6):372-376.
[8] RS. N.gongo, H. Baudrand. A NEW APPROACH FOR MICROSRTRIP ACTIVE ANTENNAS USING MODAL F.F.T-ALGORITHM [J]. IEEE Trans. 1999, pp.1700-1703.
[9]顾其诤.微波集成电路设计[M].人民邮电出版社.1978.
[10]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.1991
[11]李顺礼.带通频率选择表面的仿真设计[D].山东:山东大学. 2010, 16-21.
[12]张敏. CST微波工作室用户全书[M].电子科技大学出版社. 2004.
[13]方大纲.电磁理论中的谱域方法[M].安徽教育出版社.1993.
[14]凌峰,方大纲.用谱域导抗法推导平面分层介质格林函数的一般表达式[J].微波学报. 1996,12(2):83-88.
[15] H.Baudrand, D.Bajon. Equivalent circuit representation for integral formulations of electromagnetic problems [J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING. 2002, 15(1):23-57.
[16] LA UI Mohamed, HA LA UI El Amjed, ZAIRI Hassen et al. FORMULATION AND VALIDATION OF ITERATIVE METHOD IN TIME DOMAIN [J]. Information and Communication Technologies. 2006, vol.2, pp.2135-2139.
[17] Noemen.Ammar, Toufik Aguili, Henri baudrand. Study of electromagnetic waves diffraction by a right Wedge using "The Wave Concept Iterative Process "(W.C.I.P) in Space domain [J]. IEEE Trans. 2006, vol.2, pp.2150-2154.
[18] L. Cohen, R.S.N’Gongo , R.Garcia et al. Equivalent impedance boundary conditions for refined meshes applied to planar circuits [J]. IEE Proc Microw Antennas Propag. 2003, 150(4):237-243.
[19] M.Ayari, T.Aguili, H.Baudrand. An EM Simulation Software Based on Transverse Wave Approach(TWA) for EM Field Modeling of Planar Structures. IJCSS [J]. 2009,1(1):1-12.
[20] Y.Ounejjar, R.Douma, A.Gharsallah et al. Analysis of Passive Planar Microstrip Circuits Using the Iterative Technique [J]. IEEE Trans. 2003.
[21] N.Sboui, A.Gharsallah, A.Gharbi. Global modelling of microwave active circuits by an efficient iterative procedure [J]. IEE Proc. 2001, 14(3):209-212.
[22] H.Trabelsi, A.Gharsallah, H.Baudrand. Analysis of Microwave Circuits Including Lumped Elements Based on the Iterative Method [J]. Wiley Periodicals. 2003, 13(4):269-275.
[23] A.Gharsallah, A.Gharbi, L.Desclos et al. Analysis of interdigital capacitor and quasi-lumped miniaturized filters using iterative method [J]. International Journal of Numerical Modelling. 2002, 15(2):169-179.
[24] Somsak Akatimagool. Simulation of Microwave Integrated Circuit on Multilayered Resistive Substrates using Wave concept Iterative Procedure [J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2003. 38(5):403-406.
[25] A. Mami, H.Zairi, A.Gharsallah et al. ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP SPIRAL INDUCTOR BY USING ITERATIVE METHOD [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2002, 35(4):302-306.
[26] A. Mami, H.Zairi, A.Gharsallah et al. Analysis of Microwave Components and Circuits Using the Iterative Method [J]. Wiley Periodicals. 2004, 14(5):404-414.
[27] M.Kaddour, A.Gharsallah, A.Mami et al. ITERATIVE METHOD FORMULATION FOR ANALYSIS OF AIR-BRIDGE IN COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE [J]. Journal of Microwaves and Optoelectronics . 2004, 3(4):16-28.
[28] E.Richalot, M.F.Wong, H.Baudrand et al. MODELING OF ARBITRARY SHAPED RADIATING STRUCTURES BY THE WAVE CONCEPT ITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. IEEE MlT-S Digest. 2000, vol.1, pp.113-116.
[29] N.Raveu, T.P.Vuong, I.Terrasse et al. Wave concept iterative procedure applied to cylinders [J]. IEE Proc Antennas Propag, 2004, 151(5):409-416.
[30] El Amjed Hajlaoui, Hichem Trabelsi, Hassen Zairi et al. ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER SUBSTRATES BY MULTILAYER CONTRIBUTION OFWAVE CONCEPTITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 2007, 49(6):1439-1445.
[31] S.Akatimagool, D.Bajon, H.Baudrand. Analysis of Multi-Layer Integrated Inductors with Wave Concept Iterative Procedure(WCIP) [J]. IEEE MlT-S Digest. 2001, vol.3, pp.1941-1944.
[32] HAJLAOUI El Amjed, GLAOUI Mohamed, TRABELSI Hichem. ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER MICROSTRIP FILTER BY WAVE CONCEPT ITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2006, 49(6):1439-1445.
[33] A. Gharsallah, A.Mami, R.Douma et al. Analysis of a Microstrip Antenna with Fractal Multilayer Substrate Using Iterative Method [J]. Wiley Periodicals. 2001, 11(4):212-218.
[34] H. Zairi, A. Gharsallah, A. Gharbi and H. Baudrand. Modelisation of probe feed excitation using iterative method [J]. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 2004, 19 (3): 198-205
[35] H.Baudrand, N.Raveu, N.Sboui et al. Applications of Multiscale Waves Concept Iterative Procedure [C]. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC). 2007, pp.748-752.
[36] N. Sboui, A. Gharsallah, H. Baudrand et al. ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE-LOOP MEANDER LINE BY USING AN ITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 2000, 26(6):396-399.
[37] M. Titaouine, A. Gomes Neto, H. Baudrand et al. Analysis of Shorted Ring Slots Frequency Selective Surfaces Using WCIP Method [J]. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, 2008, 7(2):65-82.
[38] Mohammed Titaouine, Alfrêdo Gomes Neto, Henry Baudrand et al. Analysis of Frequency Selective Surface on Isotropic/Anisotropic Layers Using WCIP Method [J]. ETRI Journal. 2007, 29:36-44.
[39] El Amjed HAJLAOUI, Hichem TRABELSI, Henri BAUDRAND. Analysis of Novel Dual-Resonant and Dual-Polarized Frequency Selective Surface using Periodic contribution of Wave Concept Iterative Process: PPMS-WCIP [J]. Information and Communication Technology. 2008, pp:1-6.
[40] M.titaouine, A.Gomes Nteo, H.Baudrand. WCIP Method Applied to Active Frequency Selective Surfaces [J]. Journal of Microwave and Optoelectronics. 2007, 6(1):1-16.
[41] N.Raveu, O.Pigaglio, G.Prigent et al. Improvement in the Wave Concept IterativeProcedure through Spectral connection [C]. Munich. 37th European Microwave Conference. 2007, pp.28-31.
[42]冯鹤,谢拥军,王元源等.基于低温共烧陶瓷工艺的一种新型层叠式多层结构的波概念迭代方法研究[J].物理学报. 2009, 58(7):4590-4597.
[43]王元源,谢拥军,朱永忠.利用迭代方法快速分析两腔三传输零点滤波器[J].微波学报. 2010, 26(3):56-59.
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[2]倪光正,杨仕友,钱秀英等.工程电磁场数值计算[M].机械工业出版社.2004.
[3] R. F. Harrington, Field computation by moment method [M], IEEE Press, New York, 1993.
[4]金建铭(美).电磁场有限元方法[M].王建国译.西安电子科技大学出版社.1998.
[5]王长清,祝西里.电磁场计算中的时域有限差分法[M].北京大学出版社.1994.
[6]谢拥军,刘莹等. HFSS原理与工程应用[M].科学出版社. 2009.
[7] M. Azizi, M.Boussouis,H.Aubert et al. A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF PLANAR DISCONTINUITIES BY AN ITERATIVE METHOD [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 1996, 13(6):372-376.
[8] RS. N.gongo, H. Baudrand. A NEW APPROACH FOR MICROSRTRIP ACTIVE ANTENNAS USING MODAL F.F.T-ALGORITHM [J]. IEEE Trans. 1999, pp.1700-1703.
[9]顾其诤.微波集成电路设计[M].人民邮电出版社.1978.
[10]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.1991
[11]李顺礼.带通频率选择表面的仿真设计[D].山东:山东大学. 2010, 16-21.
[12]张敏. CST微波工作室用户全书[M].电子科技大学出版社. 2004.
[13]方大纲.电磁理论中的谱域方法[M].安徽教育出版社.1993.
[14]凌峰,方大纲.用谱域导抗法推导平面分层介质格林函数的一般表达式[J].微波学报. 1996,12(2):83-88.
[15] H.Baudrand, D.Bajon. Equivalent circuit representation for integral formulations of electromagnetic problems [J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING. 2002, 15(1):23-57.
[16] LA UI Mohamed, HA LA UI El Amjed, ZAIRI Hassen et al. FORMULATION AND VALIDATION OF ITERATIVE METHOD IN TIME DOMAIN [J]. Information and Communication Technologies. 2006, vol.2, pp.2135-2139.
[17] Noemen.Ammar, Toufik Aguili, Henri baudrand. Study of electromagnetic waves diffraction by a right Wedge using "The Wave Concept Iterative Process "(W.C.I.P) in Space domain [J]. IEEE Trans. 2006, vol.2, pp.2150-2154.
[18] L. Cohen, R.S.N’Gongo , R.Garcia et al. Equivalent impedance boundary conditions for refined meshes applied to planar circuits [J]. IEE Proc Microw Antennas Propag. 2003, 150(4):237-243.
[19] M.Ayari, T.Aguili, H.Baudrand. An EM Simulation Software Based on Transverse Wave Approach(TWA) for EM Field Modeling of Planar Structures. IJCSS [J]. 2009,1(1):1-12.
[20] Y.Ounejjar, R.Douma, A.Gharsallah et al. Analysis of Passive Planar Microstrip Circuits Using the Iterative Technique [J]. IEEE Trans. 2003.
[21] N.Sboui, A.Gharsallah, A.Gharbi. Global modelling of microwave active circuits by an efficient iterative procedure [J]. IEE Proc. 2001, 14(3):209-212.
[22] H.Trabelsi, A.Gharsallah, H.Baudrand. Analysis of Microwave Circuits Including Lumped Elements Based on the Iterative Method [J]. Wiley Periodicals. 2003, 13(4):269-275.
[23] A.Gharsallah, A.Gharbi, L.Desclos et al. Analysis of interdigital capacitor and quasi-lumped miniaturized filters using iterative method [J]. International Journal of Numerical Modelling. 2002, 15(2):169-179.
[24] Somsak Akatimagool. Simulation of Microwave Integrated Circuit on Multilayered Resistive Substrates using Wave concept Iterative Procedure [J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2003. 38(5):403-406.
[25] A. Mami, H.Zairi, A.Gharsallah et al. ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP SPIRAL INDUCTOR BY USING ITERATIVE METHOD [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2002, 35(4):302-306.
[26] A. Mami, H.Zairi, A.Gharsallah et al. Analysis of Microwave Components and Circuits Using the Iterative Method [J]. Wiley Periodicals. 2004, 14(5):404-414.
[27] M.Kaddour, A.Gharsallah, A.Mami et al. ITERATIVE METHOD FORMULATION FOR ANALYSIS OF AIR-BRIDGE IN COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE [J]. Journal of Microwaves and Optoelectronics . 2004, 3(4):16-28.
[28] E.Richalot, M.F.Wong, H.Baudrand et al. MODELING OF ARBITRARY SHAPED RADIATING STRUCTURES BY THE WAVE CONCEPT ITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. IEEE MlT-S Digest. 2000, vol.1, pp.113-116.
[29] N.Raveu, T.P.Vuong, I.Terrasse et al. Wave concept iterative procedure applied to cylinders [J]. IEE Proc Antennas Propag, 2004, 151(5):409-416.
[30] El Amjed Hajlaoui, Hichem Trabelsi, Hassen Zairi et al. ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER SUBSTRATES BY MULTILAYER CONTRIBUTION OFWAVE CONCEPTITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 2007, 49(6):1439-1445.
[31] S.Akatimagool, D.Bajon, H.Baudrand. Analysis of Multi-Layer Integrated Inductors with Wave Concept Iterative Procedure(WCIP) [J]. IEEE MlT-S Digest. 2001, vol.3, pp.1941-1944.
[32] HAJLAOUI El Amjed, GLAOUI Mohamed, TRABELSI Hichem. ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER MICROSTRIP FILTER BY WAVE CONCEPT ITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2006, 49(6):1439-1445.
[33] A. Gharsallah, A.Mami, R.Douma et al. Analysis of a Microstrip Antenna with Fractal Multilayer Substrate Using Iterative Method [J]. Wiley Periodicals. 2001, 11(4):212-218.
[34] H. Zairi, A. Gharsallah, A. Gharbi and H. Baudrand. Modelisation of probe feed excitation using iterative method [J]. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 2004, 19 (3): 198-205
[35] H.Baudrand, N.Raveu, N.Sboui et al. Applications of Multiscale Waves Concept Iterative Procedure [C]. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC). 2007, pp.748-752.
[36] N. Sboui, A. Gharsallah, H. Baudrand et al. ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE-LOOP MEANDER LINE BY USING AN ITERATIVE PROCESS [J]. MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 2000, 26(6):396-399.
[37] M. Titaouine, A. Gomes Neto, H. Baudrand et al. Analysis of Shorted Ring Slots Frequency Selective Surfaces Using WCIP Method [J]. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, 2008, 7(2):65-82.
[38] Mohammed Titaouine, Alfrêdo Gomes Neto, Henry Baudrand et al. Analysis of Frequency Selective Surface on Isotropic/Anisotropic Layers Using WCIP Method [J]. ETRI Journal. 2007, 29:36-44.
[39] El Amjed HAJLAOUI, Hichem TRABELSI, Henri BAUDRAND. Analysis of Novel Dual-Resonant and Dual-Polarized Frequency Selective Surface using Periodic contribution of Wave Concept Iterative Process: PPMS-WCIP [J]. Information and Communication Technology. 2008, pp:1-6.
[40] M.titaouine, A.Gomes Nteo, H.Baudrand. WCIP Method Applied to Active Frequency Selective Surfaces [J]. Journal of Microwave and Optoelectronics. 2007, 6(1):1-16.
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