摘要
作为给便携式数据处理设备的供电系统,AC/DC适配器随着便携式微处理设备不断小型化和轻型化的发展趋势,也面临着新的挑战。
反激变流器是小功率AC/DC适配器中应用最广的拓扑。本文以高效率反激变流器为研究对象,内容主要包括以下三个方面:
第二章介绍了一种变频控制的副边采用二极管结构的反激变流器。采用二极管整流,结构最简单,一般适用于输出电流较小的场合。为了减小原边的开关损耗,可以采用变频控制,通过检测原边电流过零点,可以实现原边开关在振荡谷底开通,从而开通损耗最低,甚至在低端输入情况下通过合理设计参数可以实现零电压开通。但采用二极管输出整流结构,整机效率很难提高。因此很难实现高功率密度。论文对变频控制的二极管整流AC/DC反激变流器进行了效率评估。最后制作了一台样机进行了实验验证。
第三章主要介绍了外驱动同步整流驱动方案在反激变流器中的应用。外驱动同步整流方案具有电路实现简单,电路成本较低等优点。缺点是副边同步管的驱动需要从原边PWM经过反相隔离得到,增加电路的成本以及复杂性。另外一个缺点是待机损耗很难降低。虽然采用降频或者burst模式两种方法理论上可以减少其待机损耗,但是会产生一些新的问题,效果并不好。论文从理论上对外驱动同步整流方案进行了详细分析,并进行了效率评估以及实验验证。
第四章主要介绍了电流型同步整流驱动方案在反激变流器中的应用。在电流型同步整流驱动方案中,同步管的驱动信号都是在副边产生。与变频控制方法结合,还能实现原边开关管ZVS开通。待机功耗也能满足要求,并且没有产生其它问题。电流型同步整流驱动的另一个显著优点是同步管驱动不受原边拓扑影响。论文对各种电流型同步整流方案进行了总结,分析了各自的优缺点。然后针对其中比较优选的一种方案进行了详细分析,包括参数优化选择等。其后进行了效率计算和分析。最后进行了实验验证。
在文章最后,论文对文章中介绍过的三种反激变流器进行了性能比较,并对其中较优选的一种拓扑性能改善的可能性作了进一步分析。
The ever-present trend of reducing the size and weight of the portable data-processing equipment has created new challenges to the design of their power systems-AC/DC adapters.The flyback converter is the most well-used topology for the low power AC/DC adapters. In this dissertation, the flyback converter is processed as the main research object, and the application of synchronous rectification technique in flyback converter is focused. The main contents of the dissertation include:In chapter I, a varied-frequency flyback converter with diodes output rectifiers is introduced. The flyback converter with diodes output rectifiers has the simplest structure. Combined with varied frequency control, low switching loss of the primary switches can be achieved. With optimized parameters, ZVS even can be achieved for the primary switch under low input voltage. Evaluation on losses is presented and an experimental prototype is built up.In chapter II, the external-driven synchronous rectification method applied in a fixed frequency flyback converter is introduced. The external-driven method is attractive for its simplicity and low cost. However, the driven signal should be inverted and isolated before it is sent to drive the SR. Another limitation is the stand-by loss is large with this driven method and is difficult to be reduced. Theoretically, two methods can be adopted to reduce the standby power loss, i.e. frequency reduction and burst mode. But it will bring some new problems if those two methods are adopted. Detailed theoretical analysis and evaluation on losses are presented. An experimental prototype is built up.Current driven methods for SR applied in flyback converters are introduced in chapter III. In current driven methods of SR, the driving signal is fully achieved in the secondary side. Combined with varied frequency method, ZVS for the primary switch can be achieved. Furthermore, the stand-by loss can satisfy the design specification and no other problems occur. In this chapter all kinds of current driven methods are summarized. The merits and limits of these methods are analyzed. An optimum-selected driven method is singled out for detailed analysis. Parameters optimization and loss evaluation for the converter is presented. At last, an experimental prototype is built up to verify the theoretical analysis.In the final part of the dissertation, the mentioned three flyback topologies are summarized and evaluated and an optimum topology is singled out. Furthermore, possibilities to improve the performance of the optimum-selected current driven method for SR are analyzed.
引文
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