唐代墓誌词汇研究
|
摘要
唐代墓志是久为研究者重视的资料。与史学界、攷古学界对墓志资料的研究相比，语言学界对它的研究还处在起步阶段。
唐代墓志作为汉语史研究的语料，主要价值有：一、语料极其丰富。唐代墓志总量累计已经超过七千方，文字数量已超过两唐书的总和。二、语料真实。墓志文献的载体为石头，它比布帛更为坚固、持久，一经刊刻，便难以更改。三、难得的“同时”语料。唐代墓志刻於唐时，保存了当时文字之真迹，是用唐代资料研究唐代语言，故十分可靠。
在全面阅读、校勘唐代墓志文献的基础上，本文首次对唐代墓志词语进行了系统研究。主要描写了唐代墓志字、词、句的特点，归纳总结了墓志文献的特定句式，分类研究了唐代墓志中的口语词汇、佛教词汇和特色词汇，攷释了《汉语大词典》未收词目三百余条，丰富了近代汉语词汇的研究内容。
资料是研究的基础。本文分析列举了唐代墓志录文中的百余条错误，从文字、词汇、句型等方面，总结了楷录墓志时容易出错的典型例子，并运用文字学、词汇学、史学等知识对其校勘补正，确保了墓志语料的真实性。
The Tang Dynasty epitaphs draw much attention of historiographers and archeologists all the rime. However, linguists just began to deal with them in these days.
The Tang Dynasty epitaphs are advantageous for the study of linguistics. There are more than 7,000 squares , on which there carved plenty of epitaphs. Therefore, the lingual material is especially abundant. Unlike words written on cloth, epitaphs were engraved on stones so that they could not be altered and hardly wore away. Such can ensure the facts of the lingual material. And it is reliable to study the epitaphs as the language of the Tang Dynasty for they were really written down at that time.
Phrases in the Tang Dynasty epitaphs were studied systematically, based on the entire reading and collation of them. Special sentence patterns were come at through the description of the language characteristic in the Tang Dynasty epitaphs. Oral phrases, Buddhist phrases and peculiar phrases were studied separately. About 300 words that were not included in Han Yu Da Ci Dian were examined and interpreted, which enriches the studies of modem Chinese.
Information is the basis of research. Hundreds of errors were picked out from the collection of the Tang Dynasty epitaphs. The words, phrases and sentences were studied carefully. The typical examples of fallibleness were listed out and rectified with the knowledge of philology, lexicology and history. Therefore, the facts of the lingual material was ensured.
唐代墓志作为汉语史研究的语料，主要价值有：一、语料极其丰富。唐代墓志总量累计已经超过七千方，文字数量已超过两唐书的总和。二、语料真实。墓志文献的载体为石头，它比布帛更为坚固、持久，一经刊刻，便难以更改。三、难得的“同时”语料。唐代墓志刻於唐时，保存了当时文字之真迹，是用唐代资料研究唐代语言，故十分可靠。
在全面阅读、校勘唐代墓志文献的基础上，本文首次对唐代墓志词语进行了系统研究。主要描写了唐代墓志字、词、句的特点，归纳总结了墓志文献的特定句式，分类研究了唐代墓志中的口语词汇、佛教词汇和特色词汇，攷释了《汉语大词典》未收词目三百余条，丰富了近代汉语词汇的研究内容。
资料是研究的基础。本文分析列举了唐代墓志录文中的百余条错误，从文字、词汇、句型等方面，总结了楷录墓志时容易出错的典型例子，并运用文字学、词汇学、史学等知识对其校勘补正，确保了墓志语料的真实性。
The Tang Dynasty epitaphs draw much attention of historiographers and archeologists all the rime. However, linguists just began to deal with them in these days.
The Tang Dynasty epitaphs are advantageous for the study of linguistics. There are more than 7,000 squares , on which there carved plenty of epitaphs. Therefore, the lingual material is especially abundant. Unlike words written on cloth, epitaphs were engraved on stones so that they could not be altered and hardly wore away. Such can ensure the facts of the lingual material. And it is reliable to study the epitaphs as the language of the Tang Dynasty for they were really written down at that time.
Phrases in the Tang Dynasty epitaphs were studied systematically, based on the entire reading and collation of them. Special sentence patterns were come at through the description of the language characteristic in the Tang Dynasty epitaphs. Oral phrases, Buddhist phrases and peculiar phrases were studied separately. About 300 words that were not included in Han Yu Da Ci Dian were examined and interpreted, which enriches the studies of modem Chinese.
Information is the basis of research. Hundreds of errors were picked out from the collection of the Tang Dynasty epitaphs. The words, phrases and sentences were studied carefully. The typical examples of fallibleness were listed out and rectified with the knowledge of philology, lexicology and history. Therefore, the facts of the lingual material was ensured.
引文
[1] 董奇．儿童创造力发展心理．第1版．杭州．浙江教育出版社，1993，10
[2] 何克抗．创造性思维论——DC模型的建构与论证．http://www.iteonline.net/zhuanjiaxuzhe/hekk.files/hekekang.htm,2000-1-18
[3] 白学军．智力心理学的研究进展．第1版．杭州．浙江人民出版社，1997，4
[4] 林崇德，辛涛．智力的培养．杭州．浙江人民出版社，1996，11
[5] Robert Harris. Creative Thinking Techniques. www.virtualsalt.com,2002-01-05
[6] 舒明武．创意在当代世界的地位与作用．舒明武创意网，2003-09-22
[7] 赵光武，王霁，卢明森．思维科学研究．第1版．北京．中国人民大学出版社，1999，85-95，106-115，330-339，364-371
[8] 钱学森．思维科学．载：现代化，1987(5)
[9] 钱学森．关于思维科学．第1版．上海．上海人民出版社，1984，
[10] Stefano Marzano. Smart Connections—an interrogation capture the meaning from ambient intelligence to ambient culture. 2001-03-15
[11] 李巍．设计概论．第1版．重庆．西南师范大学出版社，2000，90—91
[12] 李玉玺，陈锐．学会创造性思维—让自己不同凡响．第1版．北京．人民军医出版社，2002，第111页
[13] 刘卫平．创新思维．第1版．杭州．浙江人民出版社，1999，第4页
[14] 卞华，罗伟涛．创造性思维的原理与方法．第1版．北京．国防科技大学出版社，2001，3，18-22，93-107
[15] 《大辞海》．第一版．台中．三民书局股份有限公司．1974
[16] Nonaka, Ikujiro & Takeushi, Hirotaka. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995,59
[17] Nonaka, Ikujiro & Takeushi, Hirotaka. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, ⅷ-ⅳ
[18] Jones, J. Christopher. Design Methods: Seeds of Human Futures. London: John Wiley & Sons, 1970, 11-12
[19] Dormer, Peter. Design Since 1945. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993, 199
[20] Shakti Gawain. Creative Visualization: Use the Power of Your Imagination to Create What You Want in Your Life. New World Library, 2004
[21] 余华东．创新思维训练教程．北京．人民邮电出版社．2004
[22] 王雁．普通心理学．第1版．北京．人民教育出版社．2002
[23] Thomas R.Blakeslee. The Right Brain: A New Understanding of the Unconscious Mind and Its Creative Powers. Great Britain by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD, 1980.
[24] Woodham, Jonathan M. Twentieth-Century Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997,180
[25] 闫卫．工业产品造型设计程序与实例．第1版．北京．机械工业出版社，2003-02-01
[26] Buchanan, Richard. The Idea of Design. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1996, 13-14
[27] Heskett, John. Industrial Design. Class notes. Chicago: Institute of Design, Illinois Institute of Technology, 1998
[28] http://hangzhou.chinese.com/hzfj/hztc/hztcziq.htm
[29] http://www.enewage.org/sample/office/office01.htm
[30] www.southcn.com
[31] www.guanghuatools.com
[32] www.apple.com
[33] www.swissarmy.com
[34] www.sunbeam.com
[35] www.expansys.com
[36] images.21cn.com
[37] www.peugeot.com
[38] auto.elong.com
[39] 创造思维的训练．紧急充电文章．www.12yes.com
[40] 田运．思维辞典．杭州．浙江教育出版社．1996，第579页
[41] 陶伯华，马禾．超前思维．哈尔滨．黑龙江人民出版社．2001，前言部分
[42] 中国机械工业教育协会．工业产品造型设计．第1版．北京．机械工业出版社，2002，第128页
[43] 鲍健强．科学思维与科学方法．第1版．贵阳．贵州科技出版社，2002，36-37
[44] 朱孝岳．设计概论．第1版．北京．高等教育出版社，2002，82-83
[45] channel.cbbn.net
[46] www.nbdahua.net
[47] 黄顺基，苏越，黄展骥．逻辑与知识创新．第1版．北京．中国人民大学出版社，2004，459-461
[48] 章志光．发散思维、辐合思维与创造性活动．http://www.szii.gov.cn/study_garden/hong/881207.htm
[49] 王艳，杨雄勇．产品设计中的思维习性．见：《装饰》2003年第五期．北京．中国
装饰杂志社
[50] 眭平．漫谈：创造思维技法．第1版．南昌．江西人民出版社，2002，第193页
[51] 尹鑫．思维创新艺术导论——我们看世界的方式．第1版．南宁．广西人民出版社，2002，148-167
[52] jpkc.hnu.net.cn/gysj/zx/
[53] oldthing.banhome.com
[54] www.billwang.net
[55] www.kepu.com.cn
[56] 韦爽真．设计思维中的沿袭与开放．超然设计网站，2003-6-8
[57] 徐贵相等．时政新概念学习手册．南宁．广西人民出版社．2002，256-257
[58] www.electrolux.com
[59] www.alessi.com
[60] www.xinhuanet.com
[61] china.nikkeibp.co.jp
[62] auto.sina.com.cn
[63] www.dolcn.com
[64] www.wg365.com.cn
[65] project.chinacars.com
[66] publish.it168.com
[1] 何人可．工业设计史．第3版．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2002，142-143
[2] 陈力丹．谈谈印刷和电子数字媒体冲突引发的人文危机．新闻大学，2002，(03)：5-9
[3] 田少煦．数字化设计及其基本特征．装饰，2003，(7)：30-31
[4] 周旭．企业形象策划与设计．第1版．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1999，4-5
[5] Jerry Kathman. Brand identity development in the new economy. Design Issues, 2002, 18(1): 24-35
[6] Eliot Phillips. From chaos to constellation: creating better brand alignment on the web. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(2): 42-49
[7] Jeremy Sampson. Branding on the internet. http://www.wipo.int,2004-2-4
[8] Chris Bedford. A tool for managing brand assets. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(1): 81-86
[9] Craig A. DeLarge. The role of the intranet in brand knowledge management. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(1): 55-61
[10] 殷戬弘，文武．整合理念——名牌塑造十一维向．第1版．北京：经济管理出版社，1999，1-2
[11] 刘兆．企业形象学的产生与功能．河北经贸大学学报，1999，(4)：93-96
[12] 威廉·阿伦斯．当代广告学．丁俊杰，程坪，苑菲等．第1版．北京：华夏出版社，2000，8-10
[13] Kevin McCullagh. Situating technological change within social and business dynamics. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(2): 10-11
[14] 靳青，陈培爱．网络时代的新闻传媒变革．东南学术，2001，(2)：107-111
[15] CNNIC．中国互联网络发展状况统计报告．http://www.cnnic.net.cn,2004-1-15
[16] Monica Murero. E-life: internet effects on the individual and social change: [dissertation]. Buffalo: University of Buffalo, 2001, 7-8
[17] 张云中．美国在线与时代华纳合并的意义．现代传播，2000，(01)：40-41
[18] Eric J. Newman. Integrated marketing on the internet: congruency effects of banner advertisements and websites:[dissertation].Pullman: Washington State University, 2001, 1-4
[19] Landor Associates. A New Era for Corporate Identity. http://www.landor.com
[20] Gerry McGovern. The myth of interactivity on the Internet. www.gerrymcgovern.com,2002-3-18
[21] 赵江洪．设计艺术的含义．第1版．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1999，15-16
[22] Li-Hui Sheng. The business value of internet commerce to an organization: [dissertation]. Minnesota: University of Minnesota, 2000, 18-19
[23] 梁峰硕．知识管理应用与电脑支援协同工作平台之研究：[硕士学位论文]．台南：成功大学，2003．1-6
[24] Steven Johnson．因特网时代的民主．任东升．科学与生活，2004，(4)：70-71
[25] 巴伦·李维斯，克利夫·纳斯．媒体等同．卢大川，袁野，李如青等．第1版．上海：复旦大学出版社，2001，75-90
[26] M.S.H Heng. Mapping intellectual capital in a small manufacturing enterprise. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2001, 2(1): 53-60
[27] John B．Best．认知心理学．黄希庭．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2000，9-10
[28] CIO Communications, Inc..Why is web important, www.cio.com,2004-3-20
[29] 江雨燕．Web环境下的在线协同编辑系统设计与实现．电子科技大学学报，2002，31(6)：631-632
[30] 何小朝，李亚东，刘畅等．基于intranet的通用异地无纸化办公平台的研究与实践．计算机应用，2000，20(10)：1-3
[31] IBM．随需应变的商务——电子商务随需应变白皮书．www.ibm.com.cn,2004-3-10
[32] 董玉坤，陈颖，齐瑛．在IIS服务器上用ASP设计网上在线投票系统．黑龙江八一农垦大学学报．2001，13(1)：88-90
[33] Daniel Costeilo. For Knowledge, Look Within. http://www.destinationkm.com,2003-12-18
[34] Jeffrey Zeldman. Fear of style sheets. www.alistapart.com/articles/fear/,2003-3-19
[35] Jakob Nielsen．可用性设计．潇湘工作室．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，108-110
[36] Ann Navarro．高效网页设计．段学欣．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．220-221
[37] Joel Sklar．Web 设计思想．孙超，冯国华．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，2000，9-12
[38] Sean Wagstaff．大师指点web动画创意．何健辉，王智超．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，2000，8-9
[39] 拉斯基．人本界面：交互式系统设计．史春元．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，2004，2-3
[40] Jeffrey Zeldman. Taking your talent to the web: making the transition from graphic design to web design. Indianapolis: New Riders, 2001, 70-73
[2] 何克抗．创造性思维论——DC模型的建构与论证．http://www.iteonline.net/zhuanjiaxuzhe/hekk.files/hekekang.htm,2000-1-18
[3] 白学军．智力心理学的研究进展．第1版．杭州．浙江人民出版社，1997，4
[4] 林崇德，辛涛．智力的培养．杭州．浙江人民出版社，1996，11
[5] Robert Harris. Creative Thinking Techniques. www.virtualsalt.com,2002-01-05
[6] 舒明武．创意在当代世界的地位与作用．舒明武创意网，2003-09-22
[7] 赵光武，王霁，卢明森．思维科学研究．第1版．北京．中国人民大学出版社，1999，85-95，106-115，330-339，364-371
[8] 钱学森．思维科学．载：现代化，1987(5)
[9] 钱学森．关于思维科学．第1版．上海．上海人民出版社，1984，
[10] Stefano Marzano. Smart Connections—an interrogation capture the meaning from ambient intelligence to ambient culture. 2001-03-15
[11] 李巍．设计概论．第1版．重庆．西南师范大学出版社，2000，90—91
[12] 李玉玺，陈锐．学会创造性思维—让自己不同凡响．第1版．北京．人民军医出版社，2002，第111页
[13] 刘卫平．创新思维．第1版．杭州．浙江人民出版社，1999，第4页
[14] 卞华，罗伟涛．创造性思维的原理与方法．第1版．北京．国防科技大学出版社，2001，3，18-22，93-107
[15] 《大辞海》．第一版．台中．三民书局股份有限公司．1974
[16] Nonaka, Ikujiro & Takeushi, Hirotaka. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995,59
[17] Nonaka, Ikujiro & Takeushi, Hirotaka. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, ⅷ-ⅳ
[18] Jones, J. Christopher. Design Methods: Seeds of Human Futures. London: John Wiley & Sons, 1970, 11-12
[19] Dormer, Peter. Design Since 1945. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993, 199
[20] Shakti Gawain. Creative Visualization: Use the Power of Your Imagination to Create What You Want in Your Life. New World Library, 2004
[21] 余华东．创新思维训练教程．北京．人民邮电出版社．2004
[22] 王雁．普通心理学．第1版．北京．人民教育出版社．2002
[23] Thomas R.Blakeslee. The Right Brain: A New Understanding of the Unconscious Mind and Its Creative Powers. Great Britain by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD, 1980.
[24] Woodham, Jonathan M. Twentieth-Century Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997,180
[25] 闫卫．工业产品造型设计程序与实例．第1版．北京．机械工业出版社，2003-02-01
[26] Buchanan, Richard. The Idea of Design. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1996, 13-14
[27] Heskett, John. Industrial Design. Class notes. Chicago: Institute of Design, Illinois Institute of Technology, 1998
[28] http://hangzhou.chinese.com/hzfj/hztc/hztcziq.htm
[29] http://www.enewage.org/sample/office/office01.htm
[30] www.southcn.com
[31] www.guanghuatools.com
[32] www.apple.com
[33] www.swissarmy.com
[34] www.sunbeam.com
[35] www.expansys.com
[36] images.21cn.com
[37] www.peugeot.com
[38] auto.elong.com
[39] 创造思维的训练．紧急充电文章．www.12yes.com
[40] 田运．思维辞典．杭州．浙江教育出版社．1996，第579页
[41] 陶伯华，马禾．超前思维．哈尔滨．黑龙江人民出版社．2001，前言部分
[42] 中国机械工业教育协会．工业产品造型设计．第1版．北京．机械工业出版社，2002，第128页
[43] 鲍健强．科学思维与科学方法．第1版．贵阳．贵州科技出版社，2002，36-37
[44] 朱孝岳．设计概论．第1版．北京．高等教育出版社，2002，82-83
[45] channel.cbbn.net
[46] www.nbdahua.net
[47] 黄顺基，苏越，黄展骥．逻辑与知识创新．第1版．北京．中国人民大学出版社，2004，459-461
[48] 章志光．发散思维、辐合思维与创造性活动．http://www.szii.gov.cn/study_garden/hong/881207.htm
[49] 王艳，杨雄勇．产品设计中的思维习性．见：《装饰》2003年第五期．北京．中国
装饰杂志社
[50] 眭平．漫谈：创造思维技法．第1版．南昌．江西人民出版社，2002，第193页
[51] 尹鑫．思维创新艺术导论——我们看世界的方式．第1版．南宁．广西人民出版社，2002，148-167
[52] jpkc.hnu.net.cn/gysj/zx/
[53] oldthing.banhome.com
[54] www.billwang.net
[55] www.kepu.com.cn
[56] 韦爽真．设计思维中的沿袭与开放．超然设计网站，2003-6-8
[57] 徐贵相等．时政新概念学习手册．南宁．广西人民出版社．2002，256-257
[58] www.electrolux.com
[59] www.alessi.com
[60] www.xinhuanet.com
[61] china.nikkeibp.co.jp
[62] auto.sina.com.cn
[63] www.dolcn.com
[64] www.wg365.com.cn
[65] project.chinacars.com
[66] publish.it168.com
[1] 何人可．工业设计史．第3版．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2002，142-143
[2] 陈力丹．谈谈印刷和电子数字媒体冲突引发的人文危机．新闻大学，2002，(03)：5-9
[3] 田少煦．数字化设计及其基本特征．装饰，2003，(7)：30-31
[4] 周旭．企业形象策划与设计．第1版．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1999，4-5
[5] Jerry Kathman. Brand identity development in the new economy. Design Issues, 2002, 18(1): 24-35
[6] Eliot Phillips. From chaos to constellation: creating better brand alignment on the web. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(2): 42-49
[7] Jeremy Sampson. Branding on the internet. http://www.wipo.int,2004-2-4
[8] Chris Bedford. A tool for managing brand assets. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(1): 81-86
[9] Craig A. DeLarge. The role of the intranet in brand knowledge management. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(1): 55-61
[10] 殷戬弘，文武．整合理念——名牌塑造十一维向．第1版．北京：经济管理出版社，1999，1-2
[11] 刘兆．企业形象学的产生与功能．河北经贸大学学报，1999，(4)：93-96
[12] 威廉·阿伦斯．当代广告学．丁俊杰，程坪，苑菲等．第1版．北京：华夏出版社，2000，8-10
[13] Kevin McCullagh. Situating technological change within social and business dynamics. Design Management Journal, 2003, 14(2): 10-11
[14] 靳青，陈培爱．网络时代的新闻传媒变革．东南学术，2001，(2)：107-111
[15] CNNIC．中国互联网络发展状况统计报告．http://www.cnnic.net.cn,2004-1-15
[16] Monica Murero. E-life: internet effects on the individual and social change: [dissertation]. Buffalo: University of Buffalo, 2001, 7-8
[17] 张云中．美国在线与时代华纳合并的意义．现代传播，2000，(01)：40-41
[18] Eric J. Newman. Integrated marketing on the internet: congruency effects of banner advertisements and websites:[dissertation].Pullman: Washington State University, 2001, 1-4
[19] Landor Associates. A New Era for Corporate Identity. http://www.landor.com
[20] Gerry McGovern. The myth of interactivity on the Internet. www.gerrymcgovern.com,2002-3-18
[21] 赵江洪．设计艺术的含义．第1版．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1999，15-16
[22] Li-Hui Sheng. The business value of internet commerce to an organization: [dissertation]. Minnesota: University of Minnesota, 2000, 18-19
[23] 梁峰硕．知识管理应用与电脑支援协同工作平台之研究：[硕士学位论文]．台南：成功大学，2003．1-6
[24] Steven Johnson．因特网时代的民主．任东升．科学与生活，2004，(4)：70-71
[25] 巴伦·李维斯，克利夫·纳斯．媒体等同．卢大川，袁野，李如青等．第1版．上海：复旦大学出版社，2001，75-90
[26] M.S.H Heng. Mapping intellectual capital in a small manufacturing enterprise. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2001, 2(1): 53-60
[27] John B．Best．认知心理学．黄希庭．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2000，9-10
[28] CIO Communications, Inc..Why is web important, www.cio.com,2004-3-20
[29] 江雨燕．Web环境下的在线协同编辑系统设计与实现．电子科技大学学报，2002，31(6)：631-632
[30] 何小朝，李亚东，刘畅等．基于intranet的通用异地无纸化办公平台的研究与实践．计算机应用，2000，20(10)：1-3
[31] IBM．随需应变的商务——电子商务随需应变白皮书．www.ibm.com.cn,2004-3-10
[32] 董玉坤，陈颖，齐瑛．在IIS服务器上用ASP设计网上在线投票系统．黑龙江八一农垦大学学报．2001，13(1)：88-90
[33] Daniel Costeilo. For Knowledge, Look Within. http://www.destinationkm.com,2003-12-18
[34] Jeffrey Zeldman. Fear of style sheets. www.alistapart.com/articles/fear/,2003-3-19
[35] Jakob Nielsen．可用性设计．潇湘工作室．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，108-110
[36] Ann Navarro．高效网页设计．段学欣．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．220-221
[37] Joel Sklar．Web 设计思想．孙超，冯国华．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，2000，9-12
[38] Sean Wagstaff．大师指点web动画创意．何健辉，王智超．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，2000，8-9
[39] 拉斯基．人本界面：交互式系统设计．史春元．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，2004，2-3
[40] Jeffrey Zeldman. Taking your talent to the web: making the transition from graphic design to web design. Indianapolis: New Riders, 2001, 70-73