会议交替传译中的汉语习语翻译策略
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摘要
会议交替传译是一项艰巨且极富挑战性的工作。议员需要在有限的时间和巨大心理压力下完成对源语言内容的传达。在汉英会议口译现场,发言者言词中出现的习语俗语等难以简单传译的词汇为译员的工作造成极大困难。习语由于其所蕴涵的深厚历史、文化、社会内涵和意象被公认为汉英口译中的最大难点。在以往对于口译的研究中,由于文化背景的原因,极少有外国学者对这一领域做出探索,而国内的研究往往少将习语的口笔译分离,少数关于口译习语的研究也是建立在经验论的基础上,仅限于简单的分类举例,缺少强有力的理论支撑。本文旨在借鉴巴黎释义学派“脱离词语外壳”理论并结合吉尔口译模式理论,探讨并总结汉语习语口译中简便可行的策略并探索其背后的理论基础,以缓解议员心理压力,提高现场表现,协助议员出色完成任务。
本文从口译的历史、分类、特点及译员素质的介绍入手,从思维科学和跨文化交际学的角度对口译中习语地翻译策略进行了理论上地分析并回顾了前人对口译的研究。并通过借鉴巴黎释义学派理论和吉尔理论对口译理解模式进行了深入探讨。为习语理解策略指明了理论方向。同时,借助对影响口译产出。因素的剖析,探讨了习语口译最终产出使用的策略,分门别类地总结出一系列简便可行的习语口译策略。此外,为加固本文理论框架,文章还从认知语言学和心理学角度对“脱离词语外壳”这一颇具争议的理论做出解释。
Conference consecutive interpretation is a demanding and challenging task in which the interpreters have to work with high pressure and within limited time to reproduce what is conveyed in the source language. To make things worse, in Chinese - English conference consecutive interpretation, the irregular appearance of idioms made it more difficult for interpreters to fulfill their task. Idioms, as a generally accepted rule, are the biggest obstacle in both translation and interpretation due to their profound cultural and social connotation uniquely existed in the source language culture. However, nowadays government officials and prestigious speakers both like to use idioms in their speeches in order to make them more vivid, terse and rhythmic. Facing such a condition, interpreters have no choice but to work their way out to find the most effective, accurate and feasible approach to Chinese idiom interpretation.
Due to differences in cultural background few foreign scholars have tried to explore in the field of Chinese idioms interpretation. Previous research that the home scholars did is mainly based on practice and lacks theoretical framework.. This thesis attempts to explore some strategies to facilitate and simplify the interpretation of Chinese idioms in conference interpretation on the basis of Paris School's "Interpretive Theory". It uses "Deverbalization" mechanism to explain the formulation of comprehension strategy in Chinese idioms interpretation, thus shedding some light on the work of interpreters to mitigate their psychological pressure and uplift their onsite performance.
Starting from a general introduction to interpretation, this thesis analyzes the Chinese idioms interpretation strategies from a cognitive and cross-cultural perspective on the basis of Paris School "Interpretive Theory" and Daniel Gile's Comprehension Model, setting up the theoretical framework for Chinese idioms comprehension in interpretation. At the same time, by in-depth analysis of elements which influence the interpreting reproduction, it summarized simple and feasible strategies which help interpreters with language reproduction in Chinese idioms interpretation.
本文从口译的历史、分类、特点及译员素质的介绍入手,从思维科学和跨文化交际学的角度对口译中习语地翻译策略进行了理论上地分析并回顾了前人对口译的研究。并通过借鉴巴黎释义学派理论和吉尔理论对口译理解模式进行了深入探讨。为习语理解策略指明了理论方向。同时,借助对影响口译产出。因素的剖析,探讨了习语口译最终产出使用的策略,分门别类地总结出一系列简便可行的习语口译策略。此外,为加固本文理论框架,文章还从认知语言学和心理学角度对“脱离词语外壳”这一颇具争议的理论做出解释。
Conference consecutive interpretation is a demanding and challenging task in which the interpreters have to work with high pressure and within limited time to reproduce what is conveyed in the source language. To make things worse, in Chinese - English conference consecutive interpretation, the irregular appearance of idioms made it more difficult for interpreters to fulfill their task. Idioms, as a generally accepted rule, are the biggest obstacle in both translation and interpretation due to their profound cultural and social connotation uniquely existed in the source language culture. However, nowadays government officials and prestigious speakers both like to use idioms in their speeches in order to make them more vivid, terse and rhythmic. Facing such a condition, interpreters have no choice but to work their way out to find the most effective, accurate and feasible approach to Chinese idiom interpretation.
Due to differences in cultural background few foreign scholars have tried to explore in the field of Chinese idioms interpretation. Previous research that the home scholars did is mainly based on practice and lacks theoretical framework.. This thesis attempts to explore some strategies to facilitate and simplify the interpretation of Chinese idioms in conference interpretation on the basis of Paris School's "Interpretive Theory". It uses "Deverbalization" mechanism to explain the formulation of comprehension strategy in Chinese idioms interpretation, thus shedding some light on the work of interpreters to mitigate their psychological pressure and uplift their onsite performance.
Starting from a general introduction to interpretation, this thesis analyzes the Chinese idioms interpretation strategies from a cognitive and cross-cultural perspective on the basis of Paris School "Interpretive Theory" and Daniel Gile's Comprehension Model, setting up the theoretical framework for Chinese idioms comprehension in interpretation. At the same time, by in-depth analysis of elements which influence the interpreting reproduction, it summarized simple and feasible strategies which help interpreters with language reproduction in Chinese idioms interpretation.
引文
Bowen, D., & Margareta, B. (eds.) (1984). Steps to Consecutive Interpretation. Washington D. C: Pen & Booth.
Brazil, D. (1999). A Grammar of Speech. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Cacciari, C, Tabossi, P. (1988). The comprehensionof idioms. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 668-683.
Delisle, J. (1998) Translation: An Interpretive Approach. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
Fernando, C. (2000). Idiom and Idiomacity. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Gile, Daniel. (1984). Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreters and Translators Training Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing House.
Grady, J., Oakley, T. and Coulson, S. (1999). Blending and Metaphor. In R. Gibbs and G Steen (Eds.). Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 101-124). John Benjamins.
Mackintosh, J. (2000). The Kintsch and Van Dijk model of discourse comprehension and production applied to the interpreting process. Retrieved August 30, 2007, from http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1985/v30/n1/003530ar.pdf
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Munday, J. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies - Theories and Applications. London/New York: Routledge.
Nord, C. (1997). Translating as Purposeful Activity : Functionalist Approaches Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Piaget, J. (1967) Language and Thought: An Enduring Problem in Psychology. New Jersey:Van Nostrand.
Pinkham,J.(2000).The Translator's Guide to Chinglish.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Pochhacker,F.& Shlesinger M.(2002).The Interpreting Studies Reader.London:Routledge Language Readers.
Reiss,K.(2004).Translation Criticism:The Potentials and Limitations.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Riesbeck,R.C.& Schank,C.K.(1981).Inside Computer Understanding.Hillsdale,New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum.
Searle,J.R.(1979).Expression and Meaning.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Setton,R.(1999).Simultaneous Interpretation:A Cognitive-pragmatic Analysis.
Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Schaffner,C.(1998).Translation and Quality.Clevedon:Multilingual Matters.
Shuttleworth & Cowie.(1997).Dictionary of Translation Studies.Manchester:St Jerome.
Sperber,D.& Wilson,D.(1996).Relevance,Communication and Cognition.Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press.
Turner,M.,& Fauconnier.(1999).A Mechanism of Creativity.Poetic Today,20,397-418.
Thiery,C.(1990).The Sense of Situation in Conference Interpreting.In D.& M.Bowen(Eds.),Interpreting - Yesterday,Today,and Tomorrow(pp.183-188).Binghamton NY:SUNY.
Tymoczko,M.(1999).Translation in a Postcolonial Context.Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing.
Van Dijk,Y A.& Kinisch,W.(1983).Strategies of Discourse Comprehension.Orlando:Academic Press.
鲍刚.口译理论概述.北京:旅游教育出版社,2005.
蔡小红等.口译质量评估研究的历史回顾.中国翻译,2004,(3):49-51.
陈文伯.英语成语与汉语成语.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1982.
达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇.口译技艺.北京:北京语言学院出版社,1992.
达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇,玛丽亚娜·勒德雷尔.口笔译概论.北京:北京语言学院出版社,1992.
达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇,玛丽亚娜·勒德雷尔著 汪家荣 等译.口译理论实践与教学 北京:旅游教育出版社,1990.
方梦之.翻译新论与实践.青岛:青岛出版社,1999:150-158.
胡经之,张首映.西方二十世纪文论史.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988:268.
贾文波.应用翻译功能论.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.
贾玉新.跨文化交际学.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997.
列维 贝尔纳·亨利著 闫素伟 译.萨特的世纪-哲学研究.北京:商务印书馆,2005.
刘和平.口译技巧--思维科学与口译推理教学法.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.188.
刘宓庆.当代翻译理论.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1999.70-74.
吕瑞昌.汉英翻译教程.陕西:陕西人民出版社,1992:59.
钱炜.口译的灵活度.外语与翻译,1996,(4):24.
王大伟.现场汉英口译技巧与评析.西安:世界图书出版公司,2002.
王德春,吴本虎,王德林.神经语言学.上海:上海外语教育出版社.1997.
伍铁平.语言与思维关系新探.北京:高等教育出版社.1993.
张维为.英汉同声传译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1999.
钟述孔.实用口译手册(修订版).北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1991.
朱巧莲.汉英口译实战案例.北京:人民教育出版社,2004.
张辉.熟语及其理解的认知语义学研究.北京:军事谊文出版社,2003.
仲伟合,钟钰.德国的功能派翻译理论.中国翻译,1999,(3).
Brazil, D. (1999). A Grammar of Speech. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Cacciari, C, Tabossi, P. (1988). The comprehensionof idioms. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 668-683.
Delisle, J. (1998) Translation: An Interpretive Approach. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
Fernando, C. (2000). Idiom and Idiomacity. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Gile, Daniel. (1984). Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreters and Translators Training Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing House.
Grady, J., Oakley, T. and Coulson, S. (1999). Blending and Metaphor. In R. Gibbs and G Steen (Eds.). Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 101-124). John Benjamins.
Mackintosh, J. (2000). The Kintsch and Van Dijk model of discourse comprehension and production applied to the interpreting process. Retrieved August 30, 2007, from http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/1985/v30/n1/003530ar.pdf
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Munday, J. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies - Theories and Applications. London/New York: Routledge.
Nord, C. (1997). Translating as Purposeful Activity : Functionalist Approaches Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Piaget, J. (1967) Language and Thought: An Enduring Problem in Psychology. New Jersey:Van Nostrand.
Pinkham,J.(2000).The Translator's Guide to Chinglish.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Pochhacker,F.& Shlesinger M.(2002).The Interpreting Studies Reader.London:Routledge Language Readers.
Reiss,K.(2004).Translation Criticism:The Potentials and Limitations.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Riesbeck,R.C.& Schank,C.K.(1981).Inside Computer Understanding.Hillsdale,New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum.
Searle,J.R.(1979).Expression and Meaning.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Setton,R.(1999).Simultaneous Interpretation:A Cognitive-pragmatic Analysis.
Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Schaffner,C.(1998).Translation and Quality.Clevedon:Multilingual Matters.
Shuttleworth & Cowie.(1997).Dictionary of Translation Studies.Manchester:St Jerome.
Sperber,D.& Wilson,D.(1996).Relevance,Communication and Cognition.Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press.
Turner,M.,& Fauconnier.(1999).A Mechanism of Creativity.Poetic Today,20,397-418.
Thiery,C.(1990).The Sense of Situation in Conference Interpreting.In D.& M.Bowen(Eds.),Interpreting - Yesterday,Today,and Tomorrow(pp.183-188).Binghamton NY:SUNY.
Tymoczko,M.(1999).Translation in a Postcolonial Context.Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing.
Van Dijk,Y A.& Kinisch,W.(1983).Strategies of Discourse Comprehension.Orlando:Academic Press.
鲍刚.口译理论概述.北京:旅游教育出版社,2005.
蔡小红等.口译质量评估研究的历史回顾.中国翻译,2004,(3):49-51.
陈文伯.英语成语与汉语成语.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1982.
达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇.口译技艺.北京:北京语言学院出版社,1992.
达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇,玛丽亚娜·勒德雷尔.口笔译概论.北京:北京语言学院出版社,1992.
达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇,玛丽亚娜·勒德雷尔著 汪家荣 等译.口译理论实践与教学 北京:旅游教育出版社,1990.
方梦之.翻译新论与实践.青岛:青岛出版社,1999:150-158.
胡经之,张首映.西方二十世纪文论史.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988:268.
贾文波.应用翻译功能论.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.
贾玉新.跨文化交际学.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997.
列维 贝尔纳·亨利著 闫素伟 译.萨特的世纪-哲学研究.北京:商务印书馆,2005.
刘和平.口译技巧--思维科学与口译推理教学法.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.188.
刘宓庆.当代翻译理论.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1999.70-74.
吕瑞昌.汉英翻译教程.陕西:陕西人民出版社,1992:59.
钱炜.口译的灵活度.外语与翻译,1996,(4):24.
王大伟.现场汉英口译技巧与评析.西安:世界图书出版公司,2002.
王德春,吴本虎,王德林.神经语言学.上海:上海外语教育出版社.1997.
伍铁平.语言与思维关系新探.北京:高等教育出版社.1993.
张维为.英汉同声传译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1999.
钟述孔.实用口译手册(修订版).北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1991.
朱巧莲.汉英口译实战案例.北京:人民教育出版社,2004.
张辉.熟语及其理解的认知语义学研究.北京:军事谊文出版社,2003.
仲伟合,钟钰.德国的功能派翻译理论.中国翻译,1999,(3).