中国工程咨询业群落企业共生研究
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摘要
改革开放尤其是近10年以来，在经济刺激政策下，我国基础设施投资持续快速增长，新项目不断上马，给我国工程咨询业带来了机遇；同时，我国工程咨询企业在国际工程咨询市场上也收获颇丰，国际顶级咨询企业排行榜上的中国工程咨询企业数量不断增加。按照中国加入WTO的承诺，加入WTO后五年内，开始允许外商在咨询领域成立独资企业，中国工程咨询企业需要在国内与国际两个市场竞争。有鉴于此，全文通过文献研究、多学科集成、专家访谈、问卷调查与实证分析等方法，来剖析工程咨询业群落内部组织情况，揭示企业之间的竞争和共生关系，并对共生动力及共生的支撑机制进行了重点分析。全文主要在以下几方面进行了研究：
1、分析工程咨询业群落组织结构。首先，借鉴组织生态学的理论，对工程咨询业群落及其组成种群进行了界定。其次，对勘察、设计企业种群的种群规模增长情况利用Logistic曲线模型、S型曲线模型和对数曲线模型进行曲线估计拟合，并利用组织种群生态理论解释勘察、设计企业种群的增长情况。最后，分析了工程咨询业群落内企业间的竞争和共生关系。
2、寻找工程咨询企业形成共生关系的驱动力和驱动因素。首先，找出推动个体形成共生关系的因素以及共生单元处于共生状态时所表现的一种状态，结合工程咨询业，找出推动工程咨询业群落内企业共生的动力因素（自变量）及共生后工程咨询企业产生的正向效果（因变量）。基于此建立理论模型和提出研究假设。通过实证数据对模型假设进行研究，利用结构方程模型寻找出推动咨询企业的驱动力包括内部驱动力、行业驱动力、环境驱动力，并进行了验证，获得证实。
3、构建工程咨询业共生机制。首先，找出影响工程咨询业共生机制的因素，并加工处理，设计出相关的调查问卷。随即发出问卷，通过问卷调查筛选出适用于工程咨询业共生机制的评价指标和影响因素。在用因子分析法筛选出评价指标和影响因素的基础上，经过统计分析及讨论，最终选定四个能够用机制加以描述的因子，即协调因子、选择因子、保障因子和资源共享因子，分别对应构建了协调机制、伙伴选择机制、保障机制和资源共享机制四个机制并加以研究。
Because of the economic stimulus policy, with the sustained and rapid growth ofChina's investment in infrastructure, new projects continue to be launched, which willbring opportunities to the engineering consulting industry of China during the periodof Reform and Opening-up, especially in the past10years. At the same time, theengineering consulting firms of China are also very productive in the internationalengineering consulting market and more and more engineering consulting companiesappear in the international consulting firms`top list. According to the commitments ofChina, which allows foreign investors to set up wholly owned enterprises intoconsulting five years after China's accession to the WTO, Chinese engineeringconsulting companies need to compete in domestic and international markets with theinternational engineering consulting companies. To analyze the internal organizationof the engineering consulting community, reveal competition and symbiosis amongenterprises, symbiotic dynamic and symbiotic support mechanisms were analyzedthrough literature study, Multi-disciplinary integration, interviews with experts,questionnaire surveying and empirical analysis. In this dissertation, some aspects areexplored as follows.
1. Analyze the organizational structure of the engineering consulting industrycommunity. Firstly, learn from the theory of organizational ecology to define theengineering consulting community and its composition of populations. Secondly, Usethe logistic curve model, the S-curve model and Logarithmic curve model to makecurve estimate fitting of the growth in population size of reconnaissance and designcompanies and use organizational population ecology theory to explain thereconnaissance and design companies`population growth. Finally, analyze thecompetition and symbiosis relationship among enterprises of the engineeringconsulting community.
2. Find the driving force and driving factors to form the symbiotic relationshipamong engineer consulting companies. First, find out the factors that promote theindividuals to form a symbiotic relationship symbiotic unit in a state of symbioticstate, on the basis of which combine with the engineering consulting industry toidentify dynamic factors (independent variables) which promotes the engineeringconsulting community and the positive effects (dependent variable) of symbiotic engineering consulting firm. Then establish a theoretical model and propose ahypothesis based on the former studies. Use the structural equation model to find outthe driving forces, including the internal driving force, the industry driving forces, andthe environmental driving force, and verify the model assumptions thro ugh empiricaldata.
3. Build the Symbiotic mechanism of the engineering consulting industry. First,identify the factors affecting the symbiotic mechanism of the engineering consultingindustry, then process and design the survey questionnaire. Then issue thequestionnaire and find out the evaluation indicators and influencing factors for theengineering consulting industry symbiosis mechanism through questionnairescreening. On the basis of selecting evaluation indicators and affecting factors, selectfour factors which can be described as mechanisms, which are coordination factor,selecting factor, security factor and resource sharing factor by using the factoranalysis method analysis and discussion. Correspondingly build a coordinationmechanism, partner selection mechanism, security mechanism and resource sharingmechanism to be studied.
1、分析工程咨询业群落组织结构。首先，借鉴组织生态学的理论，对工程咨询业群落及其组成种群进行了界定。其次，对勘察、设计企业种群的种群规模增长情况利用Logistic曲线模型、S型曲线模型和对数曲线模型进行曲线估计拟合，并利用组织种群生态理论解释勘察、设计企业种群的增长情况。最后，分析了工程咨询业群落内企业间的竞争和共生关系。
2、寻找工程咨询企业形成共生关系的驱动力和驱动因素。首先，找出推动个体形成共生关系的因素以及共生单元处于共生状态时所表现的一种状态，结合工程咨询业，找出推动工程咨询业群落内企业共生的动力因素（自变量）及共生后工程咨询企业产生的正向效果（因变量）。基于此建立理论模型和提出研究假设。通过实证数据对模型假设进行研究，利用结构方程模型寻找出推动咨询企业的驱动力包括内部驱动力、行业驱动力、环境驱动力，并进行了验证，获得证实。
3、构建工程咨询业共生机制。首先，找出影响工程咨询业共生机制的因素，并加工处理，设计出相关的调查问卷。随即发出问卷，通过问卷调查筛选出适用于工程咨询业共生机制的评价指标和影响因素。在用因子分析法筛选出评价指标和影响因素的基础上，经过统计分析及讨论，最终选定四个能够用机制加以描述的因子，即协调因子、选择因子、保障因子和资源共享因子，分别对应构建了协调机制、伙伴选择机制、保障机制和资源共享机制四个机制并加以研究。
Because of the economic stimulus policy, with the sustained and rapid growth ofChina's investment in infrastructure, new projects continue to be launched, which willbring opportunities to the engineering consulting industry of China during the periodof Reform and Opening-up, especially in the past10years. At the same time, theengineering consulting firms of China are also very productive in the internationalengineering consulting market and more and more engineering consulting companiesappear in the international consulting firms`top list. According to the commitments ofChina, which allows foreign investors to set up wholly owned enterprises intoconsulting five years after China's accession to the WTO, Chinese engineeringconsulting companies need to compete in domestic and international markets with theinternational engineering consulting companies. To analyze the internal organizationof the engineering consulting community, reveal competition and symbiosis amongenterprises, symbiotic dynamic and symbiotic support mechanisms were analyzedthrough literature study, Multi-disciplinary integration, interviews with experts,questionnaire surveying and empirical analysis. In this dissertation, some aspects areexplored as follows.
1. Analyze the organizational structure of the engineering consulting industrycommunity. Firstly, learn from the theory of organizational ecology to define theengineering consulting community and its composition of populations. Secondly, Usethe logistic curve model, the S-curve model and Logarithmic curve model to makecurve estimate fitting of the growth in population size of reconnaissance and designcompanies and use organizational population ecology theory to explain thereconnaissance and design companies`population growth. Finally, analyze thecompetition and symbiosis relationship among enterprises of the engineeringconsulting community.
2. Find the driving force and driving factors to form the symbiotic relationshipamong engineer consulting companies. First, find out the factors that promote theindividuals to form a symbiotic relationship symbiotic unit in a state of symbioticstate, on the basis of which combine with the engineering consulting industry toidentify dynamic factors (independent variables) which promotes the engineeringconsulting community and the positive effects (dependent variable) of symbiotic engineering consulting firm. Then establish a theoretical model and propose ahypothesis based on the former studies. Use the structural equation model to find outthe driving forces, including the internal driving force, the industry driving forces, andthe environmental driving force, and verify the model assumptions thro ugh empiricaldata.
3. Build the Symbiotic mechanism of the engineering consulting industry. First,identify the factors affecting the symbiotic mechanism of the engineering consultingindustry, then process and design the survey questionnaire. Then issue thequestionnaire and find out the evaluation indicators and influencing factors for theengineering consulting industry symbiosis mechanism through questionnairescreening. On the basis of selecting evaluation indicators and affecting factors, selectfour factors which can be described as mechanisms, which are coordination factor,selecting factor, security factor and resource sharing factor by using the factoranalysis method analysis and discussion. Correspondingly build a coordinationmechanism, partner selection mechanism, security mechanism and resource sharingmechanism to be studied.
引文
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