内蒙古霍林河煤田早白垩世银杏叶部化石新材料
摘要
白垩世早期是银杏属(Ginkgo)在地史时期演化和分异一个重要时期。对该属化石的研究在研究银杏类系统分类与演化中占有重要地位。
内蒙古东部霍林河煤田早白垩世银杏属化石十分丰富,多保存完好。本文通过对银杏属化石叶部角质层的形态解剖学研究,详细描述了霍林河煤田早白垩世霍林河组采得的一些新材料,并与以往发现于本区的革质银杏(Ginkgo coriacea Florin)等做了详细的比较,补充了对G. coriacea形态及解剖特征的认识;与此同时,提出外部形态在分类研究工作中同样不容被忽视。此外,作者还发现了Ginkgo sp.新材料,该种分裂次数多,且分裂较深,末级裂片较窄,叶片上下表皮均普遍发育毛状体,它可能是银杏属的一个新的种级分类群。上述研究在一定程度上提高了本区银杏属化石的分类研究水平,对深入研究早白垩世早期银杏属在霍林河地区的发展演化等,具有重要意义。
此外,结合植物群特征,本文也对本区早白垩世的古气候及古地理进行了总体上的分析和论述,认为早白垩世早期或早中期本区可能处于温暖潮湿具季节性变化的暖温带。上述成果为深入研究霍林河地区早白垩世时期古地理、古气候等补充了新的资料。
Early Cretaceous is an important period for the evolution and early diversity of Ginkgo. The study of the Early Cretaceous Ginkgo, as well as its associated Ginkgoaleans, plays an important role for study of the earlier evolution and evolutionary history of Ginkgo.
The Early Cretaceous Ginkgo leaves from Huolinhe in Inner Mongolia, China are rich in composition and well-preserved in cuticles. In this thesis the author made anatomic study of the fossil leaves of Ginkgo, mainly in cuticle study and described some new material of Ginkgo, which provided new and supplementary data for better understanding the known species of Ginkgo reported before. Moreover, the author found also a new taxon, Ginkgo sp., in which the leaves are deeply dissected into thin and narrow lobes with well-developed trichomes in both epidermal surfaces, and show probably a new species of Ginkgo. The above-mentioned results of the present study appear to benefit the improvement for the taxonomic research level of fossil Ginkgo, and are significant for further study of the evolution of Ginkgo in northeastern China during the Early Cretaceous time.
In addition, the author analyzes the paleoclimate and paleophyto- geography in the Huolinhe area in Early Cretaceous, and suggest that the paleoclimate of this area might be seasonally warm and humid during the Early Cretaceous time.
内蒙古东部霍林河煤田早白垩世银杏属化石十分丰富,多保存完好。本文通过对银杏属化石叶部角质层的形态解剖学研究,详细描述了霍林河煤田早白垩世霍林河组采得的一些新材料,并与以往发现于本区的革质银杏(Ginkgo coriacea Florin)等做了详细的比较,补充了对G. coriacea形态及解剖特征的认识;与此同时,提出外部形态在分类研究工作中同样不容被忽视。此外,作者还发现了Ginkgo sp.新材料,该种分裂次数多,且分裂较深,末级裂片较窄,叶片上下表皮均普遍发育毛状体,它可能是银杏属的一个新的种级分类群。上述研究在一定程度上提高了本区银杏属化石的分类研究水平,对深入研究早白垩世早期银杏属在霍林河地区的发展演化等,具有重要意义。
此外,结合植物群特征,本文也对本区早白垩世的古气候及古地理进行了总体上的分析和论述,认为早白垩世早期或早中期本区可能处于温暖潮湿具季节性变化的暖温带。上述成果为深入研究霍林河地区早白垩世时期古地理、古气候等补充了新的资料。
Early Cretaceous is an important period for the evolution and early diversity of Ginkgo. The study of the Early Cretaceous Ginkgo, as well as its associated Ginkgoaleans, plays an important role for study of the earlier evolution and evolutionary history of Ginkgo.
The Early Cretaceous Ginkgo leaves from Huolinhe in Inner Mongolia, China are rich in composition and well-preserved in cuticles. In this thesis the author made anatomic study of the fossil leaves of Ginkgo, mainly in cuticle study and described some new material of Ginkgo, which provided new and supplementary data for better understanding the known species of Ginkgo reported before. Moreover, the author found also a new taxon, Ginkgo sp., in which the leaves are deeply dissected into thin and narrow lobes with well-developed trichomes in both epidermal surfaces, and show probably a new species of Ginkgo. The above-mentioned results of the present study appear to benefit the improvement for the taxonomic research level of fossil Ginkgo, and are significant for further study of the evolution of Ginkgo in northeastern China during the Early Cretaceous time.
In addition, the author analyzes the paleoclimate and paleophyto- geography in the Huolinhe area in Early Cretaceous, and suggest that the paleoclimate of this area might be seasonally warm and humid during the Early Cretaceous time.
引文
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邓胜徽,杨小菊,周志炎.2004.辽宁铁法盆地早白垩世银杏胚珠器官的发现及其意义.科学通报,49(13) : 1334-1336.
地质矿产部天津地质矿产研究所主编.1984.华北地区古生物图册.北京: 地质出版社,272-276.
公繁浩.2007.黑龙江嘉荫晚白垩世银杏属( Ginkgo ) 新材料.世界地质,26(2) : 146-149.
公繁浩.2007.黑龙江嘉荫晚白垩世银杏属( Ginkgo ) 植物化石.吉林大学博士研究生学位论文,1-59.
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刘秀群.2005.辽西中生代银杏目和茨康目植物生殖器官研究.中国科学院植物研究所博士研究生学位论文,1-20.
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内蒙古自治区地质局主编.1982.内蒙古固阳含煤盆地中生代地层古生物.北京地质出版社,237-300.
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陈芬,邓胜徽.1990.早白垩世松柏植物似密叶杉 Athrotaxites 的三个种.现代地质,4(3) : 27-37.
邓胜徽.1991.内蒙古霍林河盆地早白垩世植物化石.现代地质,5(2) : 147-156.
邓胜徽.1995.内蒙古霍林河盆地早白垩世植物群.北京: 地质出版社,204-214
邓胜徽.1995.早白垩世单缝孢真蕨植物新材料及其分类归属.植物学报,37(6) : 483-491.
邓胜徽,杨小菊,周志炎.2004.辽宁铁法盆地早白垩世银杏胚珠器官的发现及其意义.科学通报,49(13) : 1334-1336.
地质矿产部天津地质矿产研究所主编.1984.华北地区古生物图册.北京: 地质出版社,272-276.
公繁浩.2007.黑龙江嘉荫晚白垩世银杏属( Ginkgo ) 新材料.世界地质,26(2) : 146-149.
公繁浩.2007.黑龙江嘉荫晚白垩世银杏属( Ginkgo ) 植物化石.吉林大学博士研究生学位论文,1-59.
李思田,黄家福,杨士恭等.1982.霍林河盆地晚中生代沉积构造史和聚煤特征.地质学报,3 : 244-254.
李思田主编.1988.断陷盆地分析与煤聚积规律-中国东北部晚中生代断陷盆地沉积、构造演化和能源预测研究的方法与成果.北京: 地质出版社,112-148.
李焜章.1992.气孔器的主要类型及其观察方法.生物学通报,8 : 18-19.
李星学.1983.银杏—进化论的实证.见李星学文集,426-433.
粱朝晖,梁立兴.2002.银杏的起源与演化.特产研究,2 : 56-57.
梁立兴.2007.银杏,记录地球的历史.森林与人类,27(6) : 42-49.
刘秀群.2005.辽西中生代银杏目和茨康目植物生殖器官研究.中国科学院植物研究所博士研究生学位论文,1-20.
梅美棠,崔金钟.1994.内蒙古霍林河煤田霍林河组下含煤段成煤植物分析.中国煤田地质,6(1) : 19-21.
苗雨雁.2006.新疆准噶尔盆地西部中侏罗世银杏类和茨康类.吉林大学博士研究生学位论文,1-154.
内蒙古自治区地质局主编.1982.内蒙古固阳含煤盆地中生代地层古生物.北京地质出版社,237-300.
全成,张林.2005.黑龙江嘉荫地区古近纪早期古气候分析.地质论评,51(1): 10-15.
全成.2005.黑龙江嘉荫沿江地区晚白垩世植物群及地层.吉林大学博士研究生学位论文.1-206.
石亚军,孙柏年,张成君,阎德飞.2005.甘肃侏罗纪植物化石Ginkgo huttonii角质层地球化学特征.地质学报,79(3) : 289-294.
斯行健, 李星学等. 1963. 中国植物化石, 第二册. 中国中生代植物. 北京:科学出版社, 1-429.
孙柏年,阎德飞,石亚军等.2001.植物化石角质层分析在环境地质中的应用.地学前缘,8(1) : 170.
孙柏年,石亚军,张成君,王云鹏.2005.植物化石角质层分析及其应用.科学出版社,7-96.
孙革.1987.东北、内蒙古几种拟刺葵(Phoenicopsis)及其分类.古生物学报,26(6) : 662-684.
孙革,商平.1988.内蒙古东部霍林河煤田晚侏罗世-早白垩世植物及含煤地层初步研究.阜新矿业学院学报,7(4) : 69-82.
孙革,曹正尧,李浩敏,王鑫甫.1995.白垩纪植物群.见: 李星学主编,中国地质时期植物群.广州: 广州科技出版社,310-344.
吴向午.2006.中国中、新生代大植物化石新属记录.古生物学报,45(1) : 114-140.
吴征镒,孙航,周浙昆等.2005.中国植物区系中的特有性及其起源和分化.云南植物研究,27(6) : 577-604.
杨关秀.1994.古植物学.普通高等教育地质矿产类规划教材.北京: 地质出版社,204-214.
杨关秀,黄其胜.1985.古植物图册.武汉地质学院古生物教研室,107-111.
叶美娜.1981.关于化石角质层的研究和技术处理方法.中国古生物学会十二届学术年会论文集.北京科学出版社,170-179.
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