吉林延边地区早白垩世长财组松柏类化石
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摘要
本文是在对吉林省东部延边地区早白垩世长财组含煤地层松柏类化石系统野外采集的基础上,室内通过详细的形态学研究和角质层处理,系统鉴定、描述了长财组松柏类化石10属19种,分属于松科(3属6种)、杉科(3属7种)、紫杉科(1属1种)、苏铁杉科(1属2种)、分类位置不明的松柏类(2属3种),新建和龙似枞(Elatides helongensis Sun et Zhao, sp. nov.)一新种,并应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)首次对刘房子松型球果(Pityostrobus liufangziensis Yang)与和龙似枞(Elatides helongensis Sun et Zhao)表皮构造进行了观测。
在此基础上,对长财组松柏类植物的性质进行了分析,认为长财组松柏类植物显示了北亚热带‐温带暖湿气候特征,在植物地理区划上属于Vachrameev B.A.(1964,1988)所划分的西伯利亚—加拿大区,或孙革等(1995)所划分的北方植物区。
最后,将长财植物群中的松柏类植物,与国内、外相关植物群中的松柏类进行对比。
The late Mesozoic terrestrial strata are well developed in theYanbian area of eastern Jilin Province, China. It yields abundant fossil flora and fauna, being an important part in the research on the Mesozoic biota and non-marine deposits in China. The Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation (sensu lata) is distributed mainly in Laotougou and Tuntianying of Longjing County, Changcai, Fudong, Nanyang, Tushanzi, Songxiaping and Dajinchang of Helong County, eastern Jilin Province. It is an important coal-bearing strata consisting mainly of gray sandstone, sandy conglomerate and gray-green conglomerate intercalated with black shale, carbonaceous mudstone and coal beds, yielding abundant fossil plants.
Since 1950’s, twety five species of eleven genera of conifers have been recorded from the Changcai Formation in the Yanbian area (Yang Xuelin,1959; Zhou Zhiyan et al,1980; Zhang Wu et al, 1980; Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Jilin Province, 1988,1992; Shang Qinghua,1992). Among these species, only a few were described systematically based on the gross morphology; and no species were did anatomic research on the cuticle of leaves or reproductive organs.
Based on the field investigation and great collection of fossil plants, the author identified and systematically described the conifers from the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation, discussed their characters, and compared them with those from related floras (abroad and domestic). Some achievements are as follows:
1. Nineteen species of ten genera of conifers (including one new species and three undeterminated species) were identified from the early Cretaceous coal-bearing deposits of the Changcai Formation in the Yanbian area, Jilin Province. They are Pityocladus yingchengensis Chang, Pityocladus sp., Pityophyllum lindstroemi Nathorst, Pityophyllum longifolium (Nath.) Moeller, Pityophyllum nordenskioldii Heer, Pityostrobus liufangziensis Yang, Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk, Elatides curvifolia (Dunker) Nathost, Elatides helongensis Sun et Zhao (sp. nov.), Elatides sp. 1, Elatides sp. 2, Cephalotaxopsis haizhouensis Shang, Cephalotaxopsis fuxinensis Shang, Taxus intermedius (Hollick) Meng et Chen, Podozamites lanceolatus (L. et H.) Braun, Podozamites eichwaldii Schimper, Elatocladus manchurica (Yokoyama) Yabe, Elatocladus submanchurica Yabe et Oishi and Pagiophyllum triangulare Prynada.
2. Among them, four species of four genera were made cuticle observation successfully. They are Pityostrobus liufangziensis Yang, Elatides helongensis Sun et Zhao (sp. nov.), Cephalotaxopsis haizhouensis Shang and Pagiophyllum triangulare Prynada. This is significant in the fossil conifers taxonomy.
3. The conifers from the Changcai Formation composed of Coniferales, Taxales, Podozamitales and incertain conifers is characterized by the diverse Pinaceae (3 genera and 6 species) and Texodiaceae (3 genus and 7 species), and by the abundant Cephalotaxopsis. Since the scale-like leave conifers such as Brachyphyllum, Frenelopsis and Pseudofrenelopsis are not found, the present coniferous flora shows the character of north subtropical-temperate zone in the early Cretaceous Siberian-Canadian Phytofloristic Realm (Vachrameev B.A., 1964, 1988), or in the Boreal Realm (Sun Ge et al, 1995), being an important part of the warm and humid vegetation.
4. The conifers from the Changcai Formation can be correlated with those from the northern and northeastern China (such as Jiutai and Yingcheng in Jilin Province, Fuxin and Tiefa in Liaoning Province, Shuangyashan in Heilongjiang Province, Hailar, Huolinhe and Guyang in Inner Mongolia), from Russia (such as Bureya, Southern Primorye Sakhalin, West Priokhotie, Omsukchana), and from North America (western Canada).
在此基础上,对长财组松柏类植物的性质进行了分析,认为长财组松柏类植物显示了北亚热带‐温带暖湿气候特征,在植物地理区划上属于Vachrameev B.A.(1964,1988)所划分的西伯利亚—加拿大区,或孙革等(1995)所划分的北方植物区。
最后,将长财植物群中的松柏类植物,与国内、外相关植物群中的松柏类进行对比。
The late Mesozoic terrestrial strata are well developed in theYanbian area of eastern Jilin Province, China. It yields abundant fossil flora and fauna, being an important part in the research on the Mesozoic biota and non-marine deposits in China. The Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation (sensu lata) is distributed mainly in Laotougou and Tuntianying of Longjing County, Changcai, Fudong, Nanyang, Tushanzi, Songxiaping and Dajinchang of Helong County, eastern Jilin Province. It is an important coal-bearing strata consisting mainly of gray sandstone, sandy conglomerate and gray-green conglomerate intercalated with black shale, carbonaceous mudstone and coal beds, yielding abundant fossil plants.
Since 1950’s, twety five species of eleven genera of conifers have been recorded from the Changcai Formation in the Yanbian area (Yang Xuelin,1959; Zhou Zhiyan et al,1980; Zhang Wu et al, 1980; Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Jilin Province, 1988,1992; Shang Qinghua,1992). Among these species, only a few were described systematically based on the gross morphology; and no species were did anatomic research on the cuticle of leaves or reproductive organs.
Based on the field investigation and great collection of fossil plants, the author identified and systematically described the conifers from the Lower Cretaceous Changcai Formation, discussed their characters, and compared them with those from related floras (abroad and domestic). Some achievements are as follows:
1. Nineteen species of ten genera of conifers (including one new species and three undeterminated species) were identified from the early Cretaceous coal-bearing deposits of the Changcai Formation in the Yanbian area, Jilin Province. They are Pityocladus yingchengensis Chang, Pityocladus sp., Pityophyllum lindstroemi Nathorst, Pityophyllum longifolium (Nath.) Moeller, Pityophyllum nordenskioldii Heer, Pityostrobus liufangziensis Yang, Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk, Elatides curvifolia (Dunker) Nathost, Elatides helongensis Sun et Zhao (sp. nov.), Elatides sp. 1, Elatides sp. 2, Cephalotaxopsis haizhouensis Shang, Cephalotaxopsis fuxinensis Shang, Taxus intermedius (Hollick) Meng et Chen, Podozamites lanceolatus (L. et H.) Braun, Podozamites eichwaldii Schimper, Elatocladus manchurica (Yokoyama) Yabe, Elatocladus submanchurica Yabe et Oishi and Pagiophyllum triangulare Prynada.
2. Among them, four species of four genera were made cuticle observation successfully. They are Pityostrobus liufangziensis Yang, Elatides helongensis Sun et Zhao (sp. nov.), Cephalotaxopsis haizhouensis Shang and Pagiophyllum triangulare Prynada. This is significant in the fossil conifers taxonomy.
3. The conifers from the Changcai Formation composed of Coniferales, Taxales, Podozamitales and incertain conifers is characterized by the diverse Pinaceae (3 genera and 6 species) and Texodiaceae (3 genus and 7 species), and by the abundant Cephalotaxopsis. Since the scale-like leave conifers such as Brachyphyllum, Frenelopsis and Pseudofrenelopsis are not found, the present coniferous flora shows the character of north subtropical-temperate zone in the early Cretaceous Siberian-Canadian Phytofloristic Realm (Vachrameev B.A., 1964, 1988), or in the Boreal Realm (Sun Ge et al, 1995), being an important part of the warm and humid vegetation.
4. The conifers from the Changcai Formation can be correlated with those from the northern and northeastern China (such as Jiutai and Yingcheng in Jilin Province, Fuxin and Tiefa in Liaoning Province, Shuangyashan in Heilongjiang Province, Hailar, Huolinhe and Guyang in Inner Mongolia), from Russia (such as Bureya, Southern Primorye Sakhalin, West Priokhotie, Omsukchana), and from North America (western Canada).
引文
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