灌丛月季杂交育种初步研究
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摘要
本研究以报春刺玫(Rosa primula)和单瓣黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina f. spontanea)为主要父本,部分组合采用疏花蔷薇(Rosa laxa)、日本无刺蔷薇(Rosa multiflora f.inermis)、复伞房蔷薇(Rosa brunonii)等野生蔷薇和‘雪山娇霞’、‘天山之光’、‘月月粉’('Old Blush')等月季品种为父本,与现代月季主要是灌丛月季进行远缘杂交,以期培育出抗性强的灌丛月季新品种。
北京植物园近年来引进的部分灌丛月季品种105个,记录整理了其观赏性状和亲缘背景,观测统计了50个品种的自然可育性。
筛选出了适合报春刺玫花粉萌发的最佳培养基为20%蔗糖+100mg/L硼酸；适合单瓣黄刺玫花粉萌发的最佳培养基为10%蔗糖+50mg/L硼酸。
杂交组合共计61个,共杂交了1963朵花,共得到542粒成熟种子,2010年杂交出苗1棵,2011年杂交出苗9棵。杂交亲和的组合有'Eyeopener'×报春刺玫、'Berk Shire'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Sally Holmes'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Laura Ford'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Twenty-fifth'×(?)(?)春刺玫、‘Partidge'×单瓣黄刺玫、Partidge'×报春刺玫、‘Partidge'ב月月粉’、'Partidge'×疏花蔷薇、'Partidge'×日本无刺蔷薇、'Cambridgeshire'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Robin Redbreast'×报春刺玫、'Summer Sunrise'×(?)春刺玫、'Tess of The Durbervilles'×报春刺玫、Petal Pushers'×报春刺玫、'Anna Zinkeisen'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Anna Zinkeisen'×疏花蔷薇、'Care2000'×报春刺玫、'Bonica'×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Robin Redbreast'×报春刺玫、'Palmengarten franfurt'×疏花蔷薇、‘Palmengarten franfurt'X‘月月粉’。
对2010年所得的杂交苗进行了形态观察和倍性鉴定。此外,对部分灌丛月季品种进行了倍性测定,发现所测定的灌丛月季品种呈现出2-6倍倍性水平。
The project was carried out using Rosa primula, Rosa xanthina f. spontanea as main male parents with some cross combinations using Rosa laxa, Rosa sp, Rosa brunonii,'Xueshan Jiaoxia','Tianshan zhi guang' and'Old Blush'as male parents, while morden roses mainly shrub rose as female parents to obtain new cultivars of shrub rose with strong resistance.
Beijing botanical garden introduced105shrub rose species in recent years. Their ornamental characteristics and parentages were documented and the wild fertility of50species were observed.
The optimum culture medium formula for germination of Rosa primula pollen was20%sucrose+100mg/L H3BO3, and for R. xanthina f. spontanea pollen was10%sucrose+50mg/L H3BO3。
With61cross combinations, the total number of pollinated flowers being1963,542mature hybrid seeds were obtained. Only1seedlings were obtained from hybrid seeds in2010while9seedlings were obtained in2011. The hybridizations with affinity are:'Eyeopener'×Rosa primula,'Berk Shire'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Sally Holmes'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Laura Ford'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Twenty-fifth'×Rosa primula,'Partidge'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Partidge'X Rosa primula,'Partidge'X'Old Blush','Partidge'X Rosa laxa,'Partidge'×Rosa multiflora f. inermis,'Cambridgeshire'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Robin Redbreast'×Rosa primula,'Summer Sunrise'X Rosa primula,'Tess of The Durbervilles'X Rosa primula,'Petal Pushers'X Rosa primula,'Anna Zinkeisen'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Anna Zinkeisen'×Rosa laxa,'Care2000'X Rosa primula,'Bonica'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Robin Redbreast'×Rosa primula,'Palmengarten franfurt'×Rosa laxa,'Palmengarten franfurt'×Old Blush'
The heterozygosity of seedling in2010was observed in morphology and ploidy level investigation. The ploidy levels of cultivars of shrub rose investigated in this research contained2,3,4,5,6.
北京植物园近年来引进的部分灌丛月季品种105个,记录整理了其观赏性状和亲缘背景,观测统计了50个品种的自然可育性。
筛选出了适合报春刺玫花粉萌发的最佳培养基为20%蔗糖+100mg/L硼酸；适合单瓣黄刺玫花粉萌发的最佳培养基为10%蔗糖+50mg/L硼酸。
杂交组合共计61个,共杂交了1963朵花,共得到542粒成熟种子,2010年杂交出苗1棵,2011年杂交出苗9棵。杂交亲和的组合有'Eyeopener'×报春刺玫、'Berk Shire'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Sally Holmes'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Laura Ford'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Twenty-fifth'×(?)(?)春刺玫、‘Partidge'×单瓣黄刺玫、Partidge'×报春刺玫、‘Partidge'ב月月粉’、'Partidge'×疏花蔷薇、'Partidge'×日本无刺蔷薇、'Cambridgeshire'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Robin Redbreast'×报春刺玫、'Summer Sunrise'×(?)春刺玫、'Tess of The Durbervilles'×报春刺玫、Petal Pushers'×报春刺玫、'Anna Zinkeisen'×单瓣黄刺玫、'Anna Zinkeisen'×疏花蔷薇、'Care2000'×报春刺玫、'Bonica'×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Robin Redbreast'×报春刺玫、'Palmengarten franfurt'×疏花蔷薇、‘Palmengarten franfurt'X‘月月粉’。
对2010年所得的杂交苗进行了形态观察和倍性鉴定。此外,对部分灌丛月季品种进行了倍性测定,发现所测定的灌丛月季品种呈现出2-6倍倍性水平。
The project was carried out using Rosa primula, Rosa xanthina f. spontanea as main male parents with some cross combinations using Rosa laxa, Rosa sp, Rosa brunonii,'Xueshan Jiaoxia','Tianshan zhi guang' and'Old Blush'as male parents, while morden roses mainly shrub rose as female parents to obtain new cultivars of shrub rose with strong resistance.
Beijing botanical garden introduced105shrub rose species in recent years. Their ornamental characteristics and parentages were documented and the wild fertility of50species were observed.
The optimum culture medium formula for germination of Rosa primula pollen was20%sucrose+100mg/L H3BO3, and for R. xanthina f. spontanea pollen was10%sucrose+50mg/L H3BO3。
With61cross combinations, the total number of pollinated flowers being1963,542mature hybrid seeds were obtained. Only1seedlings were obtained from hybrid seeds in2010while9seedlings were obtained in2011. The hybridizations with affinity are:'Eyeopener'×Rosa primula,'Berk Shire'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Sally Holmes'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Laura Ford'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Twenty-fifth'×Rosa primula,'Partidge'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Partidge'X Rosa primula,'Partidge'X'Old Blush','Partidge'X Rosa laxa,'Partidge'×Rosa multiflora f. inermis,'Cambridgeshire'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Robin Redbreast'×Rosa primula,'Summer Sunrise'X Rosa primula,'Tess of The Durbervilles'X Rosa primula,'Petal Pushers'X Rosa primula,'Anna Zinkeisen'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Anna Zinkeisen'×Rosa laxa,'Care2000'X Rosa primula,'Bonica'×Rosa xanthina f. spontanea,'Robin Redbreast'×Rosa primula,'Palmengarten franfurt'×Rosa laxa,'Palmengarten franfurt'×Old Blush'
The heterozygosity of seedling in2010was observed in morphology and ploidy level investigation. The ploidy levels of cultivars of shrub rose investigated in this research contained2,3,4,5,6.
引文
鲍平秋,丁艳丽,张雷.月季杂交育种研究Ⅰ.特娇与特俏的筛选与繁育[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(8)1910-1915.
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郭光明,张福锁.硼对百合花粉萌发过程中细胞内游离钙离子的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(5)：32-37
郭润华,隋云吉,王爱英等.抗寒月季品种选育[J].北方园艺.2006(1)：49.
黄善武,葛红,陈琰芳.绿色花月季的研究[J].中国园林.1990(02).
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黄善武.中国作物遗传资源：第六篇[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1994.
蹇洪英,张颢,王其刚等.中国古老月季品种的核型研究[J].园艺学报.2010,37(1)：83-88.
蹇洪英,张颢,张婷等.香水月季(Rosa odorata Sweet)不同变种的染色体及核型分析[J].植物遗传资源学报.2010,1](4)：457-461.
李树发,张颢,唐开学等.切花月季新品种‘云玫’和‘云粉’[J].园艺学报.2007(03)：804.
刘承源,王国良,谢秋兰等.6种蔷薇的核形态学研究[J].江苏林业科技.2008,35(6)：5-8.
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马燕,陈俊愉.培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究(Ⅳ)：若干亲本与杂交种的抗寒性研究[J].北京林业大学学报.1992,14(1)：60-65
马燕,陈俊愉.中国古老月季品种‘秋水芙蓉’在月季抗性育种中的应用[J].河北林学院学报.]993,8(3)：204-210.
马燕,陈俊愉.中国蔷薇属6个种的染色体研究[J].广西植物.1992,12(4)：333-336.
马燕.刺玫月季育种的系统研究[D].北京林业大学,1992.
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宋祁.益部方物略记.1057.
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王世敏,郑思乡,赵雁.月季配子诱变及杂交后代种子萌发研究初报[J].云南农业大学学报,2008.,23(3)：426-430
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陈向明,郑国生,孟丽.玫瑰、月季、蔷薇等蔷薇属植物RAPD分析[J].园艺学报.2002,29(1)：78-80.
程金水.园林植物遗传育种学[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2000.
郭光明,张福锁.硼对百合花粉萌发过程中细胞内游离钙离子的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(5)：32-37
郭润华,隋云吉,王爱英等.抗寒月季品种选育[J].北方园艺.2006(1)：49.
黄善武,葛红,陈琰芳.绿色花月季的研究[J].中国园林.1990(02).
黄善武,葛红.弯刺蔷薇在月季抗寒育种上的研究利用初报[J].园艺学报,1989,16(3)：237-241.
黄善武.中国作物遗传资源：第六篇[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1994.
蹇洪英,张颢,王其刚等.中国古老月季品种的核型研究[J].园艺学报.2010,37(1)：83-88.
蹇洪英,张颢,张婷等.香水月季(Rosa odorata Sweet)不同变种的染色体及核型分析[J].植物遗传资源学报.2010,1](4)：457-461.
李树发,张颢,唐开学等.切花月季新品种‘云玫’和‘云粉’[J].园艺学报.2007(03)：804.
刘承源,王国良,谢秋兰等.6种蔷薇的核形态学研究[J].江苏林业科技.2008,35(6)：5-8.
刘东华,李懋学.我国某些蔷薇属花卉的核型研究[J].武汉植物学研究.1985,3(4)：403-408.
陆时万,徐祥生,沈敏健.植物学[M].北京.高等教育出版社,1991.
罗玉兰,张冬梅.SSR标记及形态性状鉴定红刺玫和月季杂交F1后代[J].分子植物育种.2007(5)：839-842.
马燕,陈俊愉.培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究(Ⅳ)：若干亲本与杂交种的抗寒性研究[J].北京林业大学学报.1992,14(1)：60-65
马燕,陈俊愉.中国古老月季品种‘秋水芙蓉’在月季抗性育种中的应用[J].河北林学院学报.]993,8(3)：204-210.
马燕,陈俊愉.中国蔷薇属6个种的染色体研究[J].广西植物.1992,12(4)：333-336.
马燕.刺玫月季育种的系统研究[D].北京林业大学,1992.
潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2001.
宋祁.益部方物略记.1057.
孙宪芝.北林月季杂交育种技术体系初探[D].北京林业大学,2004
王世敏,郑思乡,赵雁.月季配子诱变及杂交后代种子萌发研究初报[J].云南农业大学学报,2008.,23(3)：426-430
王象晋.群芳谱.1621.
薛麒麟,郭继红.月季栽培与鉴赏[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,2004.
杨爽.弯刺蔷薇和疏花蔷薇种子萌发特性与核型研究[D].重庆：西南林学院,2009.
杨玉勇.切花月季新品[J].中国花卉园艺.2009(22)：46-47.
余树勋.月季修订版[M].北京：金盾出版社,2008.
俞德浚。中国植物志：第三十七卷[M].北京：科学出版社,1985,360-455.
虞京.用RAPD技术鉴别月季品种的研究[C].中国青年农业科学学术年报(1997.B卷),1997,743-745
张本.月季群芳谱·第一辑[M].贵阳：贵阳人民出版社,1985.
张佐双,朱秀珍.中国月季[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2006.
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