制造业外资聚集与区域经济发展研究
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摘要
随着中国改革开放政策的实施和经济全球化不断发展,进入中国的外资(FDI)规模不断扩大,但是外资在中国的区域分布呈现不均匀分布状态,在部分地区形成区域聚集现象。本文从区域经济的视角,运用地理经济、国际经济、产业经济相关理论,系统研究中国的制造业外资聚集现象及其形成、分布和发展的规律,分析对于当地产业和经济发展的影响。本研究对于作好外资引进和提升外资进入质量,推动区域经济发展具有指导作用。本文研究的主要内容如下:
1.对于外资聚集问题研究涉及的外国直接投资(FDI)、聚集经济与区域经济等相关理论和研究进行总结梳理,指出当前对于发展中国家外资聚集现象研究中存在的系统研究不足。对于聚集经济和区域发展相关理论进行集中归纳整理。
2.对于中国制造业外资聚集现象进行总结和分类描述,提出基于区位特征的外资核心外围聚集、产业聚集和城市聚集类型和基于企业联系的外资聚集类型。分析外资聚集形成的影响因素,认为降低成本、减少风险和技术创新是外资聚集的基本目的,模块化生产、国际化分工和对于社会资本的追求是外资聚集的基础原因。
3.分析了制造业外资聚集形成的过程和规律,认为示范带动、产业关联、共同区位指向和循环累积作用推动外资聚集的形成。分析外资聚集的核心区域外围聚集现象和不同外资类型的分布转移规律。通过实证分析验证了外资区域聚集分布的位序规模规律。分析了基于外资动机特征的外资区位分布。提出了基于地理区位的外资分布模型,对于影响外资区域分布的地理区位、产业基础和城市化基础因素进行实证分析。
4.对于制造业外资与当地产业联系进行分析,系统研究影响外资自身特点、当地经济和产业基础对于外资溢出作用的影响。分析了外资聚集对于引进外资带动当地产业发展和推动管理创新的作用,提出区域外资升级发展方向和促进外资与当地产业联系措施。对于在省市区域层次的外资聚集对于生产率的影响进行实证分析,发现外资聚集对于提高当地内资企业的整体生产率具有明显的积极作用。
5.对于促进制造业外资聚集带动区域经济发展的相关政策措施进行研究,提出在利用外资基础上开展企业技术自主创新模式。以山东省威海市的外资聚集情况进行具体案例分析,并提出促进外资聚集带动区域经济发展的战略和措施。
With the implementing of reform and open policies of China and the developing of economy globalization ,more and more FDI come into China, but the FDI in China is not in even distribution, and in some areas the agglomeration of FDI are emerging. In the view of regional economy, this paper carries out a systematical study on the behaviors and the rules of forming , locating and developing of agglomeration of FDI in manufacturing industries in China using geographic economics ,international economics and industrial organization theories. Meanwhile it analyzes the impact of FDI on the local industrial . This paper is beneficial to attracting FDI and promoting the development of regional economy .The study is generalized as follows:
1. Surrounding the FDI agglomeration this paper reviews the FDI theories, agglomeration economy theories and regional economy theories and the relating studies, and gives a summary on the agglomeration and regional development theory. It points out the shortages in the study of FDI agglomeration in developing countries .
2.This paper makes a brief summary and classification of the agglomeration of FDI in China, and puts forth three types of agglomeration: Core-Periphery(CP) agglomeration ,industrial agglomeration and city agglomeration based on the location characteristic .It analyzes the affecting factors of FDI agglomeration and concludes that reducing operating cost and risk and gaining technical innovation are the main purposes of FDI agglomeration and the modularizing and international dividing of work and social capital are the main resources of FDI agglomeration economy .
3. This paper analyzes the forming rules of the FDI agglomeration. The demonstrating effects, linking effects of industrial, orienting of common location choices and circulating accumulation effects boost the agglomeration. Meanwhile it analyzes the CP phenomena of FDI location and the transferring characteristics of different types of FDI agglomeration This paper presents empirical study on rank-scale rule of FDI distribution. It makes the study of FDI location based on motives of FDI and presents the FDI location model based on the geographic characteristic .It presents the empirical study on the affecting factors of FDI distribution ,which include geographic location ,industrial foundation and urbanization level .
4. This paper explores the linkage relation between FDI and local industries, and systematically analyzes the main relating factors of FDI spillover. It analyzes the effects of FDI agglomeration to attracting FDI and enhancing manangement innovation and points out the direction of local FDI upgrading and the countmeasures to promoting linkages between FDI and local industries. The paper empirically analyzes the relation of local industrial productivity and FDI scale on the provincial level ,and concludes that the FDI agglomerition is one of the obvious positive factors to enhance the local productivity .
5. The paper analyzes the policies and countermeasures to promoting agglomeration of FDI and development of the regional economy and constructs a independence technical innovation model in local industries based on utilizing FDI . It makes an case study of FDI agglomeration based on the situation in Weihai city , Shandong province and puts forth the strategy and countermeasures for promoting FDI agglomeration and boosting the local economy .
1.对于外资聚集问题研究涉及的外国直接投资(FDI)、聚集经济与区域经济等相关理论和研究进行总结梳理,指出当前对于发展中国家外资聚集现象研究中存在的系统研究不足。对于聚集经济和区域发展相关理论进行集中归纳整理。
2.对于中国制造业外资聚集现象进行总结和分类描述,提出基于区位特征的外资核心外围聚集、产业聚集和城市聚集类型和基于企业联系的外资聚集类型。分析外资聚集形成的影响因素,认为降低成本、减少风险和技术创新是外资聚集的基本目的,模块化生产、国际化分工和对于社会资本的追求是外资聚集的基础原因。
3.分析了制造业外资聚集形成的过程和规律,认为示范带动、产业关联、共同区位指向和循环累积作用推动外资聚集的形成。分析外资聚集的核心区域外围聚集现象和不同外资类型的分布转移规律。通过实证分析验证了外资区域聚集分布的位序规模规律。分析了基于外资动机特征的外资区位分布。提出了基于地理区位的外资分布模型,对于影响外资区域分布的地理区位、产业基础和城市化基础因素进行实证分析。
4.对于制造业外资与当地产业联系进行分析,系统研究影响外资自身特点、当地经济和产业基础对于外资溢出作用的影响。分析了外资聚集对于引进外资带动当地产业发展和推动管理创新的作用,提出区域外资升级发展方向和促进外资与当地产业联系措施。对于在省市区域层次的外资聚集对于生产率的影响进行实证分析,发现外资聚集对于提高当地内资企业的整体生产率具有明显的积极作用。
5.对于促进制造业外资聚集带动区域经济发展的相关政策措施进行研究,提出在利用外资基础上开展企业技术自主创新模式。以山东省威海市的外资聚集情况进行具体案例分析,并提出促进外资聚集带动区域经济发展的战略和措施。
With the implementing of reform and open policies of China and the developing of economy globalization ,more and more FDI come into China, but the FDI in China is not in even distribution, and in some areas the agglomeration of FDI are emerging. In the view of regional economy, this paper carries out a systematical study on the behaviors and the rules of forming , locating and developing of agglomeration of FDI in manufacturing industries in China using geographic economics ,international economics and industrial organization theories. Meanwhile it analyzes the impact of FDI on the local industrial . This paper is beneficial to attracting FDI and promoting the development of regional economy .The study is generalized as follows:
1. Surrounding the FDI agglomeration this paper reviews the FDI theories, agglomeration economy theories and regional economy theories and the relating studies, and gives a summary on the agglomeration and regional development theory. It points out the shortages in the study of FDI agglomeration in developing countries .
2.This paper makes a brief summary and classification of the agglomeration of FDI in China, and puts forth three types of agglomeration: Core-Periphery(CP) agglomeration ,industrial agglomeration and city agglomeration based on the location characteristic .It analyzes the affecting factors of FDI agglomeration and concludes that reducing operating cost and risk and gaining technical innovation are the main purposes of FDI agglomeration and the modularizing and international dividing of work and social capital are the main resources of FDI agglomeration economy .
3. This paper analyzes the forming rules of the FDI agglomeration. The demonstrating effects, linking effects of industrial, orienting of common location choices and circulating accumulation effects boost the agglomeration. Meanwhile it analyzes the CP phenomena of FDI location and the transferring characteristics of different types of FDI agglomeration This paper presents empirical study on rank-scale rule of FDI distribution. It makes the study of FDI location based on motives of FDI and presents the FDI location model based on the geographic characteristic .It presents the empirical study on the affecting factors of FDI distribution ,which include geographic location ,industrial foundation and urbanization level .
4. This paper explores the linkage relation between FDI and local industries, and systematically analyzes the main relating factors of FDI spillover. It analyzes the effects of FDI agglomeration to attracting FDI and enhancing manangement innovation and points out the direction of local FDI upgrading and the countmeasures to promoting linkages between FDI and local industries. The paper empirically analyzes the relation of local industrial productivity and FDI scale on the provincial level ,and concludes that the FDI agglomerition is one of the obvious positive factors to enhance the local productivity .
5. The paper analyzes the policies and countermeasures to promoting agglomeration of FDI and development of the regional economy and constructs a independence technical innovation model in local industries based on utilizing FDI . It makes an case study of FDI agglomeration based on the situation in Weihai city , Shandong province and puts forth the strategy and countermeasures for promoting FDI agglomeration and boosting the local economy .
引文
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