海面风向的提取和海况参数传输、反演表征系统的实现研究
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摘要
高频雷达能探测海面风、浪、流等动力学要素。它在海洋学上可用于研究海浪性质，能实时监测海况而服务于航海业、海洋工程、海洋警戒、海洋渔业和海洋平台作业等，还能获取气象预报中所需要的海面风场图。本文结合863-818-01-02课题“高频地波雷达海洋环境监测技术”，研究了由高频雷达海面回波提取风向信息和海面风场、浪场、流场信息的计算机表征方法及其数据传输反演和表征的若干问题。
本论文介绍了现有的从高频雷达回波多普勒谱中提取风向的几种方法，分析了这几种方法的不足之处。对于风向的确定，针对单站雷达单波束提出了基于遗传算法由高频雷达回波多普勒谱反演海面风向的方法，与实测风向结果对比表明该方法是可行的，为海面风向的反演提出了一种新方法，也为遗传算法应用于海况参数的反演作出了有益的探索。
根据现场监测的实际情况，提出了基于三层分布式结构传输由高频雷达多普勒回波谱反演所得海面风场、浪场、流场信息数据的方法。完成了一套便于海况数据即时传输、反演、存储并便于以后拓展的基于Exe的三层(多层)分布式海况参数表征系统的设计和开发，使得系统具有很好的可伸缩性、数据传输的快捷性和易维护性。较好地解决了海况参数的数据传输、反演和表征问题。利用该系统，采用舟山试验数据，进行了风场、浪场、流场信息反演和表征，验证了该系统的可靠性。
HF radar can measure the sea surface parameters. On oceanography, HF radar can be used in researching the property of ocean wave, supervising the sea status timely, getting offshore wind field picture as well. Combine with the project "HF Ground Wave Radar Supervise Sea Status" of state 863 project, retrieving wind direction from HF radar Doppler spectrum and the showing of wind field, current field, wave field are researched in this paper. The problem of how to represent the sea surface parameters by computer is concerned, too.
This paper introduces several methods retrieving wind direction from HF radar echo Doppler Spectrum and analyses the feature of those methods. To the problem of getting wind direction from one wave-bind of one radar, this paper brings forward a method of retrieving wind direction from HF radar echo Doppler spectrum based on Genetic Arithmetic (GA), which is a new method to retrieve wind direction. It's also a useful exploration on the application of retrieving the sea parameters using Genetic Arithmetic.
To the problem of transmitting the sea parameters, this paper brings forward a Multi-tier Distributed machinery which can transmit and retrieve the sea parameters timely. Designs and implements an Exe-based three-tired Radar Sea Parameters Show system which can resolve the problem of transmitting and retrieving the sea parameters. In the end of this paper, this system is used to process the retrieve and token of wind field, current field, wave field information on ZhouShan trial data.
本论文介绍了现有的从高频雷达回波多普勒谱中提取风向的几种方法，分析了这几种方法的不足之处。对于风向的确定，针对单站雷达单波束提出了基于遗传算法由高频雷达回波多普勒谱反演海面风向的方法，与实测风向结果对比表明该方法是可行的，为海面风向的反演提出了一种新方法，也为遗传算法应用于海况参数的反演作出了有益的探索。
根据现场监测的实际情况，提出了基于三层分布式结构传输由高频雷达多普勒回波谱反演所得海面风场、浪场、流场信息数据的方法。完成了一套便于海况数据即时传输、反演、存储并便于以后拓展的基于Exe的三层(多层)分布式海况参数表征系统的设计和开发，使得系统具有很好的可伸缩性、数据传输的快捷性和易维护性。较好地解决了海况参数的数据传输、反演和表征问题。利用该系统，采用舟山试验数据，进行了风场、浪场、流场信息反演和表征，验证了该系统的可靠性。
HF radar can measure the sea surface parameters. On oceanography, HF radar can be used in researching the property of ocean wave, supervising the sea status timely, getting offshore wind field picture as well. Combine with the project "HF Ground Wave Radar Supervise Sea Status" of state 863 project, retrieving wind direction from HF radar Doppler spectrum and the showing of wind field, current field, wave field are researched in this paper. The problem of how to represent the sea surface parameters by computer is concerned, too.
This paper introduces several methods retrieving wind direction from HF radar echo Doppler Spectrum and analyses the feature of those methods. To the problem of getting wind direction from one wave-bind of one radar, this paper brings forward a method of retrieving wind direction from HF radar echo Doppler spectrum based on Genetic Arithmetic (GA), which is a new method to retrieve wind direction. It's also a useful exploration on the application of retrieving the sea parameters using Genetic Arithmetic.
To the problem of transmitting the sea parameters, this paper brings forward a Multi-tier Distributed machinery which can transmit and retrieve the sea parameters timely. Designs and implements an Exe-based three-tired Radar Sea Parameters Show system which can resolve the problem of transmitting and retrieving the sea parameters. In the end of this paper, this system is used to process the retrieve and token of wind field, current field, wave field information on ZhouShan trial data.
引文
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2. Donald E. Barrick, First-Order Theory and Analysis of MF/HF/VHF Scatter from the Sea, IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-20, No. 1, Jan, 1972
3. Donald E. Barrick, The Ocean Waveheight Nondirectional Spectrum from Inversion of the HF Sea-Echo Doppler Spectrum, Remote Sensing of Environment, 6,201-227(1997)
4. Barrick D E. Sea backscatter at HF: Interpretation and utilization of the echo. Proc IEEE, 1974, 62
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8. Stewart R H, Barnum J R. Radio measurements of oceanic winds at long ranges: An evaluation. Radio Sci, 1975,10(10):853-857
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10. Barnum J R, Maresca J W, Serebreny S M. High-resolution of oceanic wind fields with skywave radar. IEEE Trams Antennas Propagation, 1977,AP-25(1):128-132
11. Heron ML, Rose R J. On the application of HF ocean radar to the observation of temporal and spatial changes in wind direction. IEEE J Oceanic Eng, 1986, OE-11(2):210-218
12. Wick, Gary A.; Bates, John J. Observational Evidence of a Wind Direction Signal in SSM/I Passive Microwave Data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote
Sensing, Mar2000 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 38 Issue 2.
13. Laursen, Brian; Skou, Niels. Wind Direction over the Ocean Determined by an Airborne, Imaging, Polarimetric Radiometer System. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Jul2001, Vol. 39 Issue 7
14．黄为民，武汉大学博士论文，2001
15．文必洋，高频地波雷达探测海洋表面状态参数的研究，武汉大学博士论文，1998
16．陈骏，基于BD谱的海况参数反演及其全景表征系统的研究和实现，2000
17．汤亮，高频地波雷达海表回波谱海况反演模型重建处理研究，华东师范大学硕士论文，1999
18．张文修，梁怡等，遗传算法的数据基础，西安交通大学出版社，2000
19．邢文讯，谢金星等，现代优化计算方法，清华大学出版社，1999
20. M. Srinivas and L.M.Patnaik, Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1994, 24(2).
21. Dejong K. A.,Analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems. Ph.D. thesis. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1975.
22．高玮，郑颖人，岩体参数的进化反演，水利学报，2000年第8期
23．冯宏华，刘强等，基于多层分布式结构的TFCM系统的设计与实现，计算机工程与应用，2002，(1)：226—228
24．张松顺，梁志宏等，三层C／S结构的糖厂原料信息系统的开发，计算机工程，2001，(3)：171—172
25．刘艺，Delphi5企业级解决方案及应用剖析，机械工业出版社，2000
26．季雪岗，王晓辉等，Delphi编程疑难详解，人民邮电出版社，2000
27．李维，Delphi 5．x分布式多层应用系统篇，2000
28. http://www.ithammer.com/net/2001043002.html
29. http://www.st121.com.cn/products/article/fuzaijunheng/20010707-2.html
30. 刘皓，http://software.szwindow.net.cn/tecdata/web/old/ 负载均衡技术概览．htm，2001，4
2. Donald E. Barrick, First-Order Theory and Analysis of MF/HF/VHF Scatter from the Sea, IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-20, No. 1, Jan, 1972
3. Donald E. Barrick, The Ocean Waveheight Nondirectional Spectrum from Inversion of the HF Sea-Echo Doppler Spectrum, Remote Sensing of Environment, 6,201-227(1997)
4. Barrick D E. Sea backscatter at HF: Interpretation and utilization of the echo. Proc IEEE, 1974, 62
5. Belinda J. Lipa, and Donald E. Bariick, Extraction of sea state from HF radar sea echo:Mathematical theory and modeling, Radio Science, Vol. 21,No.1,Pages 81-100,Jan-Feb 1986
6. Lucy R. Wyatt, A Relaxation Method for Integral Inversion Applied to HF Radar Measurement of the Ocean Wave Directional Spectrum, Remote Sensing, Vol. 11,No.8, 1481-1494(1990)
7. Long A E, Trizna D B. Mapping of North Atlantic winds by HF radar sea backscatter interpretation. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagation, 1973, AP-21:680-685
8. Stewart R H, Barnum J R. Radio measurements of oceanic winds at long ranges: An evaluation. Radio Sci, 1975,10(10):853-857
9. Tyler G L, Teague C C, Stewart R H, et al. Wave direction spectre from synthetic aperture observations of radio scatter. Deep Sea Res, 1974, 21(12):989-1016
10. Barnum J R, Maresca J W, Serebreny S M. High-resolution of oceanic wind fields with skywave radar. IEEE Trams Antennas Propagation, 1977,AP-25(1):128-132
11. Heron ML, Rose R J. On the application of HF ocean radar to the observation of temporal and spatial changes in wind direction. IEEE J Oceanic Eng, 1986, OE-11(2):210-218
12. Wick, Gary A.; Bates, John J. Observational Evidence of a Wind Direction Signal in SSM/I Passive Microwave Data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote
Sensing, Mar2000 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 38 Issue 2.
13. Laursen, Brian; Skou, Niels. Wind Direction over the Ocean Determined by an Airborne, Imaging, Polarimetric Radiometer System. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Jul2001, Vol. 39 Issue 7
14．黄为民，武汉大学博士论文，2001
15．文必洋，高频地波雷达探测海洋表面状态参数的研究，武汉大学博士论文，1998
16．陈骏，基于BD谱的海况参数反演及其全景表征系统的研究和实现，2000
17．汤亮，高频地波雷达海表回波谱海况反演模型重建处理研究，华东师范大学硕士论文，1999
18．张文修，梁怡等，遗传算法的数据基础，西安交通大学出版社，2000
19．邢文讯，谢金星等，现代优化计算方法，清华大学出版社，1999
20. M. Srinivas and L.M.Patnaik, Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1994, 24(2).
21. Dejong K. A.,Analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems. Ph.D. thesis. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1975.
22．高玮，郑颖人，岩体参数的进化反演，水利学报，2000年第8期
23．冯宏华，刘强等，基于多层分布式结构的TFCM系统的设计与实现，计算机工程与应用，2002，(1)：226—228
24．张松顺，梁志宏等，三层C／S结构的糖厂原料信息系统的开发，计算机工程，2001，(3)：171—172
25．刘艺，Delphi5企业级解决方案及应用剖析，机械工业出版社，2000
26．季雪岗，王晓辉等，Delphi编程疑难详解，人民邮电出版社，2000
27．李维，Delphi 5．x分布式多层应用系统篇，2000
28. http://www.ithammer.com/net/2001043002.html
29. http://www.st121.com.cn/products/article/fuzaijunheng/20010707-2.html
30. 刘皓，http://software.szwindow.net.cn/tecdata/web/old/ 负载均衡技术概览．htm，2001，4