移动通信环境下的匿名认证研究
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摘要
随着移动通信用户数及各种增值服务的迅猛增长,在用户享受服务的同时,对其身份和个人信息进行认证和核实的要求也越来越多,但随之而来的是个人信息泄露问题。
移动网络既需要对用户的身份进行验证,又存在着对用户身份信息保密的需求。因此,很多用户需要运营商提供一种在验证自己身份的同时,又不暴露其个人信息的匿名服务。例如：从事国家安全、军事、政府工作的重要职员。针对基于移动通信网络如何保护用户隐私且不影响其正常使用的关键技术问题,本文研究和探讨了多种情况下的相关算法和实现方案。其中主要涉及到了归属网和漫游网的匿名认证问题、扣费问题、匿名性撤销问题、电子话费的不可伪造性问题、消费无链接性问题、可查重复支付问题、支付验证方式及效率问题。
论文的主要研究工作及创新点如下：
(1)提出了一种移动通信匿名认证体系的框架
本论文共提出了六个匿名认证方案,所有方案的框架大致相同,都主要由注册管理中心、服务提供商及用户三部分组成,个别方案可能还需要由第三方认证机构参与,其中注册管理中心是移动运营商对用户进行管理的部分,服务提供商是移动运营商中为用户提供服务的部分,服务提供商也可以是其他合作供应商。认证体系主要以注册管理中心初始化和用户注册、申请电子话费、接入服务、电子话费结算为主要环节。此外,对于每个认证体系方案主要基于归属网是否匿名、漫游网是否匿名、扣费方式、消费是否无链接性、是否可查重复支付、是否可撤销匿名性、是否需要归属地验证及支付验证方式等几方面进行评价。
(2)提出了可以实现归属网匿名及用户漫游时无需再到归属地进行身份验证的方案
在漫游网匿名认证方案中,由于用户的匿名性是用别名来实现的,且别名和用户真实身份的对应关系是由归属地的注册管理中心来掌握的,所以用户的匿名性可以被撤销,并未实现用户在归属网的真正匿名。由于用户大部分时间还是在归属网中活动,所以实现归属网的匿名变得非常重要,基于此,本论文中的大部分方案都实现了归属网的匿名。
在之前的很多方案中,运营商在向用户提供服务前都需要到归属网验证用户的身份,这样带来了运行效率下降的问题,所以当用户漫游到外地网络时,无需从归属网获取相关信息进行认证,成为了提高服务效率的一个重要因素。本论文中的大部分方案都已经实现了直接在漫游网就可以验证用户身份的合法性,大大提高了运行效率。
(3)实现了匿名认证方案的包月扣费及在/离线的支付验证方式
包月服务匿名认证方案以知识证明为基础,采用直接匿名认证协议理论并结合加密传输和签名验证实现了全网匿名,同时还可以为用户提供包月服务,这样可以减少当次扣费所带来的性能损耗,提高系统的运行效率。但包月服务也存在明显的缺点,由于无法当时就扣除本次所消费的话费,导致适用范围变窄,只能应用在特定的服务上。
支付验证方式对协议效率的影响较大,本论文也对此进行了深入研究,且在部分方案中实现了离线验证方式。但离线验证在每次支付时只简单验证电子话费的合法性,并不能进行全面验证(例如重复支付等),只有在日后结算时才进行全面验证,这样在小额支付时不会有太大风险,但对于用户的大额消费,则风险会大大增加。针对大额消费的问题,本论文基于双线性对上的限制性部分盲签名理论提出了可在/离线支付的匿名认证方案,该方案在接入服务时不仅可以支持离线支付,还支持在线支付。此外,可在/离线支付的匿名认证方案还可以发现用户的重复消费行为,且不存在支付链接性,对用户的消费隐私提供了很好的保障。
论文最后对研究工作进行了总结,给出了进一步研究的方向。
With the rapid growth in the number of users of mobile communications and various value-added services, at the same time user access to services, certification and verification requirements for their identity and personal information are more and more, followed by the leakage problem of personal information.
Mobile networks need both to verify the user's identity, and to maintain the confidentiality of the user's identity information. Therefore, many users require mobile operators to provide an anonymous service that can not expose their personal information at the same time verify their identity. For example:national security, military, and government work staff. To the key technical issues that how to protect user privacy and does not affect the normal use based mobile communication network, this paper discusses the algorithms and implementations in a variety of contexts. Mainly related to the home network and the roaming network of anonymous authentication, and chargeback issues, anonymity revocation, unforgeability of e-fees, consumption link problem, can check duplicate payment, payment authentication mode and efficiency.
The main research work and innovations are as follows:
(1) Proposed a framework of the mobile communication system of anonymous authentication
The paper made a total of six anonymous authentication schemes, all the framework of the programs are roughly the same, they are mainly composed of three parts by register management center, service provider and user, individual programs may also need to participate by a third-party certification body. The register management center is the part that mobile operators managed the user, the service provider is the part of the mobile operators to provide users with services, service providers can also be other cooperative suppliers. The certification system set the register management center initialization and user registration, the application of electronic fees, access services, and electronic fee clearing as the main link. In addition, each of the certification system program is to be evaluated mainly based on whether it's anonymous in the home network, whether it's anonymous in roaming network, chargeback style, whether the consumptions are no link, whether the duplicate payment can be investigated, whether the anonymity is revocable, the need to verify in home network and payment verification way, and other aspects.
(2) Proposed the anonymous authentication scheme which can be achieved in home network and the scheme which can achieve anonymity authentication whithout home network to participate in roaming network
In roaming network anonymous authentication scheme, due to the user's anonymity is achieved using the alias, and the correspondence of the alias and the user's true identity is mastered by the register management center of the home network, so the user's anonymity can be revoked, and did not realize the real anonymity in home network. As the user most of the time uses in the home network, achieving anonymous of home network becomes very important. Most of the programs in this paper achieved the real anonymity in home network.
In many previous programs, the operators need to verify the user's identity in home network before providing services to users, so bring a decline in operating efficiency, so when the user roams to a foreign network, without getting relevant authentication information from the home network, and has become an important factor to improve the efficiency of the service. Most of the programs in this paper have been directly verifying the legality of users in roaming network, greatly improving the operating efficiency.
(3) Achieved anonymous authentication scheme monthly deductions and online/offline payment verification method
Monthly service anonymous authentication scheme is based on knowledge proof, and it uses direct anonymous authentication protocol theory and combines encryption transmission and signature verification to achieve the anonymity of the entire network, and also provides users with a monthly subscription service at the same time, so it can reduce performance loss bringed by deductions and improve the operating efficiency of the system. But there are obvious shortcomings of monthly subscription service, the consumer's bill can not be deducted at that time, resulting in narrowing of the scope of application, it can only be applied in specific services.
Payment verification style will influenced on the efficiency of the agreement, this paper also conducted in-depth research, and offline validation achieved in some schemes. Offline validation simply to verify the legality of electronic fee, and can not be fully verified (eg, duplicate payment, etc.), only be fully validated in future settlement, so it will not have much risk in the micro-payment, but for the large consumption of users, the risk will be greatly increased. For the problem of large consumption, the paper proposed anonymous authentication scheme paid on or offline based on restrictive partially blind signature theory on the bilinear, the program can not only supports offline payment, but also supports online payments. Online/Offline payment anonymous authentication scheme can find the repeated consumption behavior of users, and there is no payment link, and it also provides good protection of consumer's privacy.
Finally, the research work is summarized, and the direction for further research is pointed out.
移动网络既需要对用户的身份进行验证,又存在着对用户身份信息保密的需求。因此,很多用户需要运营商提供一种在验证自己身份的同时,又不暴露其个人信息的匿名服务。例如：从事国家安全、军事、政府工作的重要职员。针对基于移动通信网络如何保护用户隐私且不影响其正常使用的关键技术问题,本文研究和探讨了多种情况下的相关算法和实现方案。其中主要涉及到了归属网和漫游网的匿名认证问题、扣费问题、匿名性撤销问题、电子话费的不可伪造性问题、消费无链接性问题、可查重复支付问题、支付验证方式及效率问题。
论文的主要研究工作及创新点如下：
(1)提出了一种移动通信匿名认证体系的框架
本论文共提出了六个匿名认证方案,所有方案的框架大致相同,都主要由注册管理中心、服务提供商及用户三部分组成,个别方案可能还需要由第三方认证机构参与,其中注册管理中心是移动运营商对用户进行管理的部分,服务提供商是移动运营商中为用户提供服务的部分,服务提供商也可以是其他合作供应商。认证体系主要以注册管理中心初始化和用户注册、申请电子话费、接入服务、电子话费结算为主要环节。此外,对于每个认证体系方案主要基于归属网是否匿名、漫游网是否匿名、扣费方式、消费是否无链接性、是否可查重复支付、是否可撤销匿名性、是否需要归属地验证及支付验证方式等几方面进行评价。
(2)提出了可以实现归属网匿名及用户漫游时无需再到归属地进行身份验证的方案
在漫游网匿名认证方案中,由于用户的匿名性是用别名来实现的,且别名和用户真实身份的对应关系是由归属地的注册管理中心来掌握的,所以用户的匿名性可以被撤销,并未实现用户在归属网的真正匿名。由于用户大部分时间还是在归属网中活动,所以实现归属网的匿名变得非常重要,基于此,本论文中的大部分方案都实现了归属网的匿名。
在之前的很多方案中,运营商在向用户提供服务前都需要到归属网验证用户的身份,这样带来了运行效率下降的问题,所以当用户漫游到外地网络时,无需从归属网获取相关信息进行认证,成为了提高服务效率的一个重要因素。本论文中的大部分方案都已经实现了直接在漫游网就可以验证用户身份的合法性,大大提高了运行效率。
(3)实现了匿名认证方案的包月扣费及在/离线的支付验证方式
包月服务匿名认证方案以知识证明为基础,采用直接匿名认证协议理论并结合加密传输和签名验证实现了全网匿名,同时还可以为用户提供包月服务,这样可以减少当次扣费所带来的性能损耗,提高系统的运行效率。但包月服务也存在明显的缺点,由于无法当时就扣除本次所消费的话费,导致适用范围变窄,只能应用在特定的服务上。
支付验证方式对协议效率的影响较大,本论文也对此进行了深入研究,且在部分方案中实现了离线验证方式。但离线验证在每次支付时只简单验证电子话费的合法性,并不能进行全面验证(例如重复支付等),只有在日后结算时才进行全面验证,这样在小额支付时不会有太大风险,但对于用户的大额消费,则风险会大大增加。针对大额消费的问题,本论文基于双线性对上的限制性部分盲签名理论提出了可在/离线支付的匿名认证方案,该方案在接入服务时不仅可以支持离线支付,还支持在线支付。此外,可在/离线支付的匿名认证方案还可以发现用户的重复消费行为,且不存在支付链接性,对用户的消费隐私提供了很好的保障。
论文最后对研究工作进行了总结,给出了进一步研究的方向。
With the rapid growth in the number of users of mobile communications and various value-added services, at the same time user access to services, certification and verification requirements for their identity and personal information are more and more, followed by the leakage problem of personal information.
Mobile networks need both to verify the user's identity, and to maintain the confidentiality of the user's identity information. Therefore, many users require mobile operators to provide an anonymous service that can not expose their personal information at the same time verify their identity. For example:national security, military, and government work staff. To the key technical issues that how to protect user privacy and does not affect the normal use based mobile communication network, this paper discusses the algorithms and implementations in a variety of contexts. Mainly related to the home network and the roaming network of anonymous authentication, and chargeback issues, anonymity revocation, unforgeability of e-fees, consumption link problem, can check duplicate payment, payment authentication mode and efficiency.
The main research work and innovations are as follows:
(1) Proposed a framework of the mobile communication system of anonymous authentication
The paper made a total of six anonymous authentication schemes, all the framework of the programs are roughly the same, they are mainly composed of three parts by register management center, service provider and user, individual programs may also need to participate by a third-party certification body. The register management center is the part that mobile operators managed the user, the service provider is the part of the mobile operators to provide users with services, service providers can also be other cooperative suppliers. The certification system set the register management center initialization and user registration, the application of electronic fees, access services, and electronic fee clearing as the main link. In addition, each of the certification system program is to be evaluated mainly based on whether it's anonymous in the home network, whether it's anonymous in roaming network, chargeback style, whether the consumptions are no link, whether the duplicate payment can be investigated, whether the anonymity is revocable, the need to verify in home network and payment verification way, and other aspects.
(2) Proposed the anonymous authentication scheme which can be achieved in home network and the scheme which can achieve anonymity authentication whithout home network to participate in roaming network
In roaming network anonymous authentication scheme, due to the user's anonymity is achieved using the alias, and the correspondence of the alias and the user's true identity is mastered by the register management center of the home network, so the user's anonymity can be revoked, and did not realize the real anonymity in home network. As the user most of the time uses in the home network, achieving anonymous of home network becomes very important. Most of the programs in this paper achieved the real anonymity in home network.
In many previous programs, the operators need to verify the user's identity in home network before providing services to users, so bring a decline in operating efficiency, so when the user roams to a foreign network, without getting relevant authentication information from the home network, and has become an important factor to improve the efficiency of the service. Most of the programs in this paper have been directly verifying the legality of users in roaming network, greatly improving the operating efficiency.
(3) Achieved anonymous authentication scheme monthly deductions and online/offline payment verification method
Monthly service anonymous authentication scheme is based on knowledge proof, and it uses direct anonymous authentication protocol theory and combines encryption transmission and signature verification to achieve the anonymity of the entire network, and also provides users with a monthly subscription service at the same time, so it can reduce performance loss bringed by deductions and improve the operating efficiency of the system. But there are obvious shortcomings of monthly subscription service, the consumer's bill can not be deducted at that time, resulting in narrowing of the scope of application, it can only be applied in specific services.
Payment verification style will influenced on the efficiency of the agreement, this paper also conducted in-depth research, and offline validation achieved in some schemes. Offline validation simply to verify the legality of electronic fee, and can not be fully verified (eg, duplicate payment, etc.), only be fully validated in future settlement, so it will not have much risk in the micro-payment, but for the large consumption of users, the risk will be greatly increased. For the problem of large consumption, the paper proposed anonymous authentication scheme paid on or offline based on restrictive partially blind signature theory on the bilinear, the program can not only supports offline payment, but also supports online payments. Online/Offline payment anonymous authentication scheme can find the repeated consumption behavior of users, and there is no payment link, and it also provides good protection of consumer's privacy.
Finally, the research work is summarized, and the direction for further research is pointed out.
引文
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