FDI对高新区区域创新体系的影响
摘要
高新技术开发区是产业集聚的延伸,已经成为带动各地地方经济发展的重要增长点,体现出较强的创新性与示范性。高新技术开发区的重要特征为高新产业集聚,形成区域创新。区域经济创新的研究是依附区域经济理论进行的。区域创新体系主要是由在地理上相互分工与关联的生产企业、研究机构和高等教育机构等构成的区域性组织系统,该系统支持并产生创新。各地高新技术开发区的发展程度不同,特别是在引进外资上,不同区域存在相当大的差异。FDI对高新技术开发区的影响,以及在高新技术开发区内形成的区域创新体系的影响是不同的。
FDI的研究由来已久,研究的重点集中在FDI对区域经济的促进以及FDI的技术溢出。其中许多理论研究结果都证实了外商直接投资对于促进东道国,特别是发展中国家经济发展和技术进步起到重要作用,然而对外商直接投资技术外溢的实证研究却并不支持上述观点。
我国改革开放多年来,FDI已经成为对外开放的有效途径之一。分工在国际范围内进行,通过国际间要素流动改善参与国的生产。在利用别国的优势资源基础上,使得国内缺乏禀赋优势的行业和企业增强实力,能够提高竞争优势,从而增加了分工国家的社会福利。作为国际资本流动的主要方式之一,FDI对东道国经济与技术的影响日益为研究国内经济特别是区域经济发展的一个角度。本文将分为五章,第一章研究与高新技术开发区区域创新相关的国内外研究现状,了解我国高新技术开发区处在的历史地位以及存在的优劣势,在现状分析的基础上研究产生的原因,提出本研究的目的和意义。在第二章与第三章中将着重从高新技术开发区以及FDI两个方面,研究国内外理论发展轨迹。目前我国的高新技术开发区虽然数量较多,但真正有影响力的并不多,许多在发展中存在一定的问题,阻碍了其发展步伐。在这两章中将具体阐述原因和背景。四章研究了FDI在中国的发展现状。第五章是结合目前FDI在我国区域创新体系中的影响,通过武汉历年的数据指标来分析FDI的影响力,主要采取实证的方法考察FDI对创新体系的影响。第六章将总结全文,对整个体系进行分析,得出建议与意见。
High-tech development zone bases on the industrial clusters. It has been the developing point to increase the economic development in different areas. One of the main characters of High-tech development zone is the clusters of High-tech industries. The research of regional innovation of economy bases on the theories of area economy. A regional system of innovation mainly depends on the regional organizational system which is consisted of manufactures, R&D institutes and higher education institutes. The system supports and generates the innovation. Different High-tech development zones have different levers in FDI. The effects of FDI on High-tech development zones are different.
The research of FDI has a long history. Many results of theory research verified that FDI can increase the economic development and technological progress of the host country especially developing countries, but the demonstration researches did not support the idea.
Attracting FDI is an important policy of the reform and opening-up. Though the flow of the international factors, international produce can improve. Based on the advantage of other countries' resources, the industries and firms which are lack capital can strengthen their powers, improve the competition advantage, and increase the benefit of joint countries. As a main method of international capital flowing, FDI affects the economy and technology. It is hoped to improve the optimum competition of the industries and the technological lever. China is one of the countries attracting FDI most from 1993. FDI drives economic development of China. It is verified that the areas of numerous FDI are the areas of industrial clusters. This thesis analyzes the theory of regional system of innovation, and three main measure indexes of the system. This thesis divides into 5 chapters. Chapter one researches the basic situation of High-tech development zone, and presents the target and meaning of this research. In Chapter two and three, we will discuss the theories of regional system of innovation, and FDI. Chapter four analyzes the problems in the developing of High-tech development zone. The demonstration analysis of the effect of FDI on High-tech development zone appears in Chapter five. In the last chapter, we will get a conclusion.
FDI的研究由来已久,研究的重点集中在FDI对区域经济的促进以及FDI的技术溢出。其中许多理论研究结果都证实了外商直接投资对于促进东道国,特别是发展中国家经济发展和技术进步起到重要作用,然而对外商直接投资技术外溢的实证研究却并不支持上述观点。
我国改革开放多年来,FDI已经成为对外开放的有效途径之一。分工在国际范围内进行,通过国际间要素流动改善参与国的生产。在利用别国的优势资源基础上,使得国内缺乏禀赋优势的行业和企业增强实力,能够提高竞争优势,从而增加了分工国家的社会福利。作为国际资本流动的主要方式之一,FDI对东道国经济与技术的影响日益为研究国内经济特别是区域经济发展的一个角度。本文将分为五章,第一章研究与高新技术开发区区域创新相关的国内外研究现状,了解我国高新技术开发区处在的历史地位以及存在的优劣势,在现状分析的基础上研究产生的原因,提出本研究的目的和意义。在第二章与第三章中将着重从高新技术开发区以及FDI两个方面,研究国内外理论发展轨迹。目前我国的高新技术开发区虽然数量较多,但真正有影响力的并不多,许多在发展中存在一定的问题,阻碍了其发展步伐。在这两章中将具体阐述原因和背景。四章研究了FDI在中国的发展现状。第五章是结合目前FDI在我国区域创新体系中的影响,通过武汉历年的数据指标来分析FDI的影响力,主要采取实证的方法考察FDI对创新体系的影响。第六章将总结全文,对整个体系进行分析,得出建议与意见。
High-tech development zone bases on the industrial clusters. It has been the developing point to increase the economic development in different areas. One of the main characters of High-tech development zone is the clusters of High-tech industries. The research of regional innovation of economy bases on the theories of area economy. A regional system of innovation mainly depends on the regional organizational system which is consisted of manufactures, R&D institutes and higher education institutes. The system supports and generates the innovation. Different High-tech development zones have different levers in FDI. The effects of FDI on High-tech development zones are different.
The research of FDI has a long history. Many results of theory research verified that FDI can increase the economic development and technological progress of the host country especially developing countries, but the demonstration researches did not support the idea.
Attracting FDI is an important policy of the reform and opening-up. Though the flow of the international factors, international produce can improve. Based on the advantage of other countries' resources, the industries and firms which are lack capital can strengthen their powers, improve the competition advantage, and increase the benefit of joint countries. As a main method of international capital flowing, FDI affects the economy and technology. It is hoped to improve the optimum competition of the industries and the technological lever. China is one of the countries attracting FDI most from 1993. FDI drives economic development of China. It is verified that the areas of numerous FDI are the areas of industrial clusters. This thesis analyzes the theory of regional system of innovation, and three main measure indexes of the system. This thesis divides into 5 chapters. Chapter one researches the basic situation of High-tech development zone, and presents the target and meaning of this research. In Chapter two and three, we will discuss the theories of regional system of innovation, and FDI. Chapter four analyzes the problems in the developing of High-tech development zone. The demonstration analysis of the effect of FDI on High-tech development zone appears in Chapter five. In the last chapter, we will get a conclusion.
引文
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[32]李立辉等.“区域产业集群与工业化反梯度推移”[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005.
[33]王缉慈.“创新的空间一企业集群与区域发展”[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[34]黄鲁成.“宏观区域创新体系的理论模式研究”[J].中国软科学,2002(1):95-98.
[35]刘友金,黄鲁成.“产业群集的区域创新优势与我国高新区的发展”[J].中国工业经济,2001(2):33-37.
[36]陈柳钦.“产业发展:城市化的动力”[J].经济前沿,2005(5):17-22.
[37]魏守华,王缉慈,赵雅沁.“产业集群:新型区域经济发展理论”[J].经济经纬,2002(2):18-21.
[38]王春法.“主要发达国家国家创新体系的历史演变与发展趋势”[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003.
[39]李海婴,万守杰,赵富强.“城市产业集群的机理分析与政策安排”[J].现代管理科学,2004(3):3-6.
[40]张辉.“产业集群竞争力的内在经济机理”[J].中国软科学,2003(1):70-74.
[41]陈柳钦.“产业集聚与产业竞争力”[J].南京社会科学,2005(5):15-23.
[42]盖文启.“创新网络-区域经济发展新思维”[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002.
[43]刘友金,黄鲁成.“基于行政区划的区域创新体系研究”[J].企业经济,2001(3):13-16.
[44]杨丹萍.“论产业集群与区域国际竞争力”[J].中国流通经济,2004(5):41-44.
[45]姜明辉,刘小姝.“政府在区域创新网络中的角色定位”[J].学习与探索,2005.4
[46]张宏伟.“产业集群研究的新进展”[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004,(4):69-73.
[47]石定寰,柳卸林.“建设我国国家创新体系的构想”[J].中国科技论坛,1998(5)
[48]冯之浚.“完善和发展中国国家创新系统”[J].教育发展研究,1999(1)
[49]欧阳康.“国家创新体系建设与高等教育创新”[J].企业经济,2004(4)
[50]费显是.“建设国家创新系统-关于我国企业技术创新滞后的思考”[J].经济问题探索,2000.
[2]Giordano Mion.Spatial externalities and empirical analysis:the case of Italy.Journal of Urban Economics 56(2004):97-118
[3]Bjarne Madsen,Chris Jensen-Butler.Theoretical and operational issues in sub-regional economic modelling,Illustrated through the development and application of the LINE model Economic Modelling 2004(21):471-508
[4]Martin D.Smitha,and James E.Economic impacts of marine reserves:the importance of spatial behavior.Wilenb Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 46(2003):183-206
[5]Paul N.Rosenstein Rodan.Problems of Industrialization of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe.Economic Journal,1943,6-9.
[6]Nelson,R.R.A Theory of L ow Level Equilibrium Trap in Underdeveloped Countries.American Economic Review,1956,(12).
[7]Hirschman,A.O.Strategy of Economic Development[M].Yale University Press,1958.
[8]Dixit,A.and Stiglitz,T.E.Monopolistic Com petition and Optimum Product Diversity.American Economic Review,1997,(3).
[9]Krugman,Paul R.Increasing Returns and Economic Geography.Journal of Political Economy,1991,(3).
[10]Krugman,Paul R,Masahisa,F and Anthony,J.V.The Spatial Economy:Cities,Regions and International Trade.Cambridge:MIT Press,1999.
[11]Walz,U.Transport Costs,Intermediate Goods,and Localized Growth.Regional Science and Urban Economics,1996,(6).
[12]Cooke P,Uranga M.G & Etxebarria G.Regional systems of innovation:an evolutionary perspective.Environment and Planning,1998(30):1563-1584.
[13]Doloreux:What we should know about regional systems of innovation.Technology in Society,2002,24(3):243-263.
[14]王晓红,胡景岩.“利用FDI技术外溢效应提高自主创新能力的研究”[J].宏观经济学,2006.11.
[15]陈玉娟,张道海,徐红梅.“外商直接投资对江苏经济的影响分析”[J].江苏商论,2006.4.
[16]李文,唐国兴,徐剑刚.“FDI对我国产业发展的影响分析”[J].商业时代,2006.6.
[17]姜瑾.“FDI技术溢出效应影响因素研究的理论假设与经验证据”[J].外国经济与管理,2007.1.
[18]王虎.“我国区域经济增长差异与FDI的实证分析”[J].经济理论研究,2005.
[19]李新安.“我国FDI集聚效应与区域经济增长相关性实证分析”[J].财贸研究,2006.4.
[20]李珍珍.“对FDI的效率效应的实证研究”[J].财经界,2006.3
[21]吴向鹏.“产业集群理论:经济网络与社会关系网络的视角”[J].西安财经学院学报,2003.12
[22]王东祥.“搞好主体功能区优化区域开发格局”[J].浙江经济,2006.16
[23]孙伟,赵盎.“基于产业集群的社会网络理论研究综述”[J].工业技术经济,2006.9
[24]黄文静.“基于社会网络的特色产业群发展能力研究”.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004.11
[25]王文其,张海生.“建立以自主创新为核心的国家高新区评价指标体系”[J].理论探索,2006.10
[26]刘潇.“可拓优度评价法在区域产业评价中的应用”[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006.16
[27]张晓杰,曹利军.“区域创新体系探析”[J].科技与管理,2006.6
[28]梁凯.“区域创新体系行为主体的分析研究”[J].理论参考,2005.9
[29]刘浩,史春云.“区域创新系统理论述评”[J].特区经济,2006.9
[30]左继宏.“区域经济指标体系及评价方法”[J].统计与决策,2004.2
[31]朱英明.“论产业集群的创新优势”[J].中国软科学,2003(7):107-112.
[32]李立辉等.“区域产业集群与工业化反梯度推移”[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005.
[33]王缉慈.“创新的空间一企业集群与区域发展”[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[34]黄鲁成.“宏观区域创新体系的理论模式研究”[J].中国软科学,2002(1):95-98.
[35]刘友金,黄鲁成.“产业群集的区域创新优势与我国高新区的发展”[J].中国工业经济,2001(2):33-37.
[36]陈柳钦.“产业发展:城市化的动力”[J].经济前沿,2005(5):17-22.
[37]魏守华,王缉慈,赵雅沁.“产业集群:新型区域经济发展理论”[J].经济经纬,2002(2):18-21.
[38]王春法.“主要发达国家国家创新体系的历史演变与发展趋势”[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003.
[39]李海婴,万守杰,赵富强.“城市产业集群的机理分析与政策安排”[J].现代管理科学,2004(3):3-6.
[40]张辉.“产业集群竞争力的内在经济机理”[J].中国软科学,2003(1):70-74.
[41]陈柳钦.“产业集聚与产业竞争力”[J].南京社会科学,2005(5):15-23.
[42]盖文启.“创新网络-区域经济发展新思维”[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002.
[43]刘友金,黄鲁成.“基于行政区划的区域创新体系研究”[J].企业经济,2001(3):13-16.
[44]杨丹萍.“论产业集群与区域国际竞争力”[J].中国流通经济,2004(5):41-44.
[45]姜明辉,刘小姝.“政府在区域创新网络中的角色定位”[J].学习与探索,2005.4
[46]张宏伟.“产业集群研究的新进展”[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004,(4):69-73.
[47]石定寰,柳卸林.“建设我国国家创新体系的构想”[J].中国科技论坛,1998(5)
[48]冯之浚.“完善和发展中国国家创新系统”[J].教育发展研究,1999(1)
[49]欧阳康.“国家创新体系建设与高等教育创新”[J].企业经济,2004(4)
[50]费显是.“建设国家创新系统-关于我国企业技术创新滞后的思考”[J].经济问题探索,2000.