科技项目管理中的知识共享研究
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摘要
科技项目管理是对以项目形式进行的科学研究活动的全过程管理,是一项具有管理知识性、人员多样性、工作多分布性、管理多层次性等特点的复杂的知识管理实践活动。在科技项目管理中蕴含着大量的不同类型的知识,这些知识相互关联、相互转化,将这些知识有效地挖掘、整理、存储并共享,对于发挥知识价值、提高科技项目管理水平、提高科研人员的科研水平、促进学术交流与科研合作等具有重要意义。因此,本文对科技项目管理中的知识共享进行了探索性的研究。主要研究内容如下：
1、科技项目管理中知识共享的分析。从知识的产生、特点、分类与转化的角度出发,对科技项目管理中的知识体系进行了分析；从对科技项目管理工作特点的分析出发,提出了科技项目管理中知识共享的特点；从科技项目管理中知识共享的需求动因分析出发,提出了科技项目管理中知识共享的过程与知识共享过程中的知识转化模式。
2、科技项目管理中知识共享的表示。结合科技项目管理中知识的特点与分类,提出了以知识载体为研究对象的知识集的概念；给出了基于可拓学的知识集表示方法与知识集关联分析方法；给出了知识共享中知识共享主体、知识共享网络、知识状态和知识共享行为的表示方法,为科技项目管理中知识共享的研究提供了理论基础。
3、科技项目管理中知识共享的方法。以知识集理论为基础,提出了知识共享中知识引力、知识流力、知识危机与知识缺口的概念与描述,并以此为基础建立了知识共享需求分析的需求知识定位模型与知识缺口发现模型,以及知识共享策略生成的知识共享链生成模型,为科技项目管理中知识共享的研究提供了方法依据。
4、科技项目管理中基于知识共享的评价。以知识共享为目的,在可拓评价方法的基础上建立了科技项目管理中的可拓评价模型,给出了科技项目管理中评审专家的反评估方法,科技项目的综合评价方法,以及知识共享的有效性评价方法,为科技项目管理中知识共享的有效实施提供了有力保障。
5、科技项目管理中知识共享的实施。结合实际工作经验,给出了科技项目管理中知识共享机制的建设方法,给出了科技项目管理中知识共享平台的设计原则与功能体系结构；并将本文理论和方法应用于辽宁省科技基金服务中心的科技项目管理工作中,建立了辽宁省科技基金项目管理知识共享平台,取得了良好的应用效果。
Science and technology project management is managing the whole process of research ongoing as project, and it is a complex knowledge management practice activities of people diversity, work distribution and managing multilevel and intellectual characteristics. It contains a large number of different types of knowledge in science and technology project management. It is significance for improving the level of science and technology project management, advancing the research level of science and technology people, and promoting academic exchanges and research cooperation. Thus, this paper researches knowledge sharing for managing science and technology projects. The main research work of this paper is listed below:
1. Research on the analysis of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. From the point of view about knowledge generation, characteristics, classification and conversion, the knowledge system in science and technology project management are analyzed. From the characters of science and technology project management, the characters of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management are analyzed. From the demand factors of knowledge sharing, the process of knowledge sharing and the knowledge conversion mode in knowledge sharing process are given.
2. Research on the representation of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. According to the characteristics and classification of knowledge in science and technology project management, the concept of knowledge set is proposed. Based on the extension representation, the representation and correlation analysis method of knowledge set are given. The representation method of knowledge sharing main body and knowledge sharing network are given for providing the theory basis of knowledge sharing research in science and technology project management.
3. Research on the method of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. Based on the theory of knowledge set, the concept and description of knowledge gravity, knowledge flow force, knowledge crisis and knowledge gap are given. The requirement knowledge orientation model and knowledge gap discovery model of knowledge sharing demand analysis, and the knowledge sharing chain generation model of knowledge sharing strategy formation are given for providing the method basis of knowledge sharing research in science and technology project management.
4. Research on the evaluation based on knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. With the knowledge sharing for the purpose, the knowledge sharing evaluation model in science and technology project management is given based on the extension evaluation theory. Knowledge sharing effectiveness evaluation method, anti-assessment method of peer-review and project comprehensive evaluation method are built for the knowledge sharing effective implement.
5. Research on the implement of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. Combined with practical experience in science and technology project management, the knowledge sharing mechanism and the design principle and system structure of knowledge sharing platform in science and technology project management are given.The theory and method of this paper are applied in the science and technology project management work of Liaoning province science and technology fund service center, a practical knowledge sharing platform in science and technology project management is built, and good application effect is obtained.
1、科技项目管理中知识共享的分析。从知识的产生、特点、分类与转化的角度出发,对科技项目管理中的知识体系进行了分析；从对科技项目管理工作特点的分析出发,提出了科技项目管理中知识共享的特点；从科技项目管理中知识共享的需求动因分析出发,提出了科技项目管理中知识共享的过程与知识共享过程中的知识转化模式。
2、科技项目管理中知识共享的表示。结合科技项目管理中知识的特点与分类,提出了以知识载体为研究对象的知识集的概念；给出了基于可拓学的知识集表示方法与知识集关联分析方法；给出了知识共享中知识共享主体、知识共享网络、知识状态和知识共享行为的表示方法,为科技项目管理中知识共享的研究提供了理论基础。
3、科技项目管理中知识共享的方法。以知识集理论为基础,提出了知识共享中知识引力、知识流力、知识危机与知识缺口的概念与描述,并以此为基础建立了知识共享需求分析的需求知识定位模型与知识缺口发现模型,以及知识共享策略生成的知识共享链生成模型,为科技项目管理中知识共享的研究提供了方法依据。
4、科技项目管理中基于知识共享的评价。以知识共享为目的,在可拓评价方法的基础上建立了科技项目管理中的可拓评价模型,给出了科技项目管理中评审专家的反评估方法,科技项目的综合评价方法,以及知识共享的有效性评价方法,为科技项目管理中知识共享的有效实施提供了有力保障。
5、科技项目管理中知识共享的实施。结合实际工作经验,给出了科技项目管理中知识共享机制的建设方法,给出了科技项目管理中知识共享平台的设计原则与功能体系结构；并将本文理论和方法应用于辽宁省科技基金服务中心的科技项目管理工作中,建立了辽宁省科技基金项目管理知识共享平台,取得了良好的应用效果。
Science and technology project management is managing the whole process of research ongoing as project, and it is a complex knowledge management practice activities of people diversity, work distribution and managing multilevel and intellectual characteristics. It contains a large number of different types of knowledge in science and technology project management. It is significance for improving the level of science and technology project management, advancing the research level of science and technology people, and promoting academic exchanges and research cooperation. Thus, this paper researches knowledge sharing for managing science and technology projects. The main research work of this paper is listed below:
1. Research on the analysis of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. From the point of view about knowledge generation, characteristics, classification and conversion, the knowledge system in science and technology project management are analyzed. From the characters of science and technology project management, the characters of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management are analyzed. From the demand factors of knowledge sharing, the process of knowledge sharing and the knowledge conversion mode in knowledge sharing process are given.
2. Research on the representation of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. According to the characteristics and classification of knowledge in science and technology project management, the concept of knowledge set is proposed. Based on the extension representation, the representation and correlation analysis method of knowledge set are given. The representation method of knowledge sharing main body and knowledge sharing network are given for providing the theory basis of knowledge sharing research in science and technology project management.
3. Research on the method of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. Based on the theory of knowledge set, the concept and description of knowledge gravity, knowledge flow force, knowledge crisis and knowledge gap are given. The requirement knowledge orientation model and knowledge gap discovery model of knowledge sharing demand analysis, and the knowledge sharing chain generation model of knowledge sharing strategy formation are given for providing the method basis of knowledge sharing research in science and technology project management.
4. Research on the evaluation based on knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. With the knowledge sharing for the purpose, the knowledge sharing evaluation model in science and technology project management is given based on the extension evaluation theory. Knowledge sharing effectiveness evaluation method, anti-assessment method of peer-review and project comprehensive evaluation method are built for the knowledge sharing effective implement.
5. Research on the implement of knowledge sharing in science and technology project management. Combined with practical experience in science and technology project management, the knowledge sharing mechanism and the design principle and system structure of knowledge sharing platform in science and technology project management are given.The theory and method of this paper are applied in the science and technology project management work of Liaoning province science and technology fund service center, a practical knowledge sharing platform in science and technology project management is built, and good application effect is obtained.
引文
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