可控源音频大地电磁法地形影响及校正方法的对比研究与应用
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摘要
本课题与生产实际需求紧密结合,针对广泛应用于多个领域、颇有发展前景的频率域电磁法——可控源音频大地电磁测深法(CSAMT)资料解释中的地形影响问题,采用数值模拟、对比分析和应用研究相结合的方法开展了全面、系统地研究。
首先对二维纯地形(山脊、山谷、斜坡)和二维地形下包含异常体(埋藏深度、规模大小、电阻率比等)各种变化条件下地形的影响进行正演模拟。模拟结果直观形象展示出地形对CSAMT法的视电阻率影响特征和规律:CSAMT的TM模式比TE模式受地形影响更严重;山脊下含高阻体(或山谷下含低阻体)更易受地形影响;地形倾斜角度越大,对视电阻率影响越大;地形线愈不平滑,对视电阻率影响愈大;视相位同样也受地形的影响。指出地形引起的干扰场不但引起虚假异常,一定条件下地形响应可能掩盖异常体的响应,导致错误的解释。地形对CSAMT法的TM模式视电阻率的影响是不可忽视的。提出识别、校正地形影响的有效方法。
其次,对当前生产中几种常用地形校正、反演方法(一维反演、空间滤波法、比值法、二维反演)开展全面对比研究,深入地考察了解不同地形、不同地电条件下,各种地形校正、反演解释方法对地形干扰的抑制能力和对解释结果的影响,指出各种不同校正方法、反演解释方法的适用条件、特点、优劣。对比说明:空间滤波法在消除小尺度地形干扰能起一定的作用;一维反演、二维平地形反演方法不能消除地形影响;比值法能较好地消除地形引起的视电阻率畸变;而直接带地形的二维反演方法,是目前比较有效的消除地形的影响的方法,可使反演结果更接近真实情况。但当地形起伏很大时,各种地形校正、反演解释方法都不能彻底消除地形的影响。
然后,在上述正演模拟和对比研究基础上,筛选出适当的校正方法技术对秦皇陵考古野外CSAMT实测资料进行了地形影响校正应用研究。经过处理,特别是地形校正,使资料的解释结果得到明显的改善。总结提出了针对解决实际问题的有效方法途径和应当注意的问题。
最后,从CSAMT法的基本公式出发,推导出磁探头水平方向偏差引起的卡尼亚视电阻率相对误差表达式。根据表达式,计算了当偏角和测量点位张角不同时,CSAMT磁探头水平方向偏差和张角对卡尼亚视电阻率相对误差影响的大小和特征,计算表明:磁探头水平方向偏差引起的卡尼亚视电阻率相对误差是不可忽视的。进而提出了克服和减小磁探头方向偏差的野外工作方法的建议。
The topographic effects on the apparent resistivity response of the controlled-source audio frequency telluric electromagnetic (CSAMT) survey have been systemically studied by numerical simulation, also the comparison & application of the terrain correction or inversion methods.First, based on the theory of the CSAMT and Finite Element Method (FEM), both of the models of irregular terrain (ridge, valley, and slope) and containing variant anomaly body under the irregular terrain have been simulated. Results show that terrain effect is very serious where undulate angle is more than 10 degree, and at the different condition, the effect is different. Sometimes topographic effect can cause mistake or falsity explanation, especially at the TM mode.Then, by comparing of a few different terrain correction or inversion methods, we have found that 1D & and 2D flat land inversion can not remove the topographic effect; space filter can remove small unhomogenous; the ratio (terrain correction factors) technique can preferably remove the topographic effect, where terrain undulate is not serious; rough topography 2D inversion can remove the topographic effect perfectly, and can give good image of subsurface resistivity model.After then, we present a practical archaeological exploration case of 2D terrain correction in CSAMT survey by choosing the useful correct method. The results show that terrain corrections can greatly attenuate the topographic effects and improve the quality of data interpretation.Lastly, an error expression is derived for calculating the Cagniard apparent resistivity error caused by magnetic sensor declination in CSAMT survey.
首先对二维纯地形(山脊、山谷、斜坡)和二维地形下包含异常体(埋藏深度、规模大小、电阻率比等)各种变化条件下地形的影响进行正演模拟。模拟结果直观形象展示出地形对CSAMT法的视电阻率影响特征和规律:CSAMT的TM模式比TE模式受地形影响更严重;山脊下含高阻体(或山谷下含低阻体)更易受地形影响;地形倾斜角度越大,对视电阻率影响越大;地形线愈不平滑,对视电阻率影响愈大;视相位同样也受地形的影响。指出地形引起的干扰场不但引起虚假异常,一定条件下地形响应可能掩盖异常体的响应,导致错误的解释。地形对CSAMT法的TM模式视电阻率的影响是不可忽视的。提出识别、校正地形影响的有效方法。
其次,对当前生产中几种常用地形校正、反演方法(一维反演、空间滤波法、比值法、二维反演)开展全面对比研究,深入地考察了解不同地形、不同地电条件下,各种地形校正、反演解释方法对地形干扰的抑制能力和对解释结果的影响,指出各种不同校正方法、反演解释方法的适用条件、特点、优劣。对比说明:空间滤波法在消除小尺度地形干扰能起一定的作用;一维反演、二维平地形反演方法不能消除地形影响;比值法能较好地消除地形引起的视电阻率畸变;而直接带地形的二维反演方法,是目前比较有效的消除地形的影响的方法,可使反演结果更接近真实情况。但当地形起伏很大时,各种地形校正、反演解释方法都不能彻底消除地形的影响。
然后,在上述正演模拟和对比研究基础上,筛选出适当的校正方法技术对秦皇陵考古野外CSAMT实测资料进行了地形影响校正应用研究。经过处理,特别是地形校正,使资料的解释结果得到明显的改善。总结提出了针对解决实际问题的有效方法途径和应当注意的问题。
最后,从CSAMT法的基本公式出发,推导出磁探头水平方向偏差引起的卡尼亚视电阻率相对误差表达式。根据表达式,计算了当偏角和测量点位张角不同时,CSAMT磁探头水平方向偏差和张角对卡尼亚视电阻率相对误差影响的大小和特征,计算表明:磁探头水平方向偏差引起的卡尼亚视电阻率相对误差是不可忽视的。进而提出了克服和减小磁探头方向偏差的野外工作方法的建议。
The topographic effects on the apparent resistivity response of the controlled-source audio frequency telluric electromagnetic (CSAMT) survey have been systemically studied by numerical simulation, also the comparison & application of the terrain correction or inversion methods.First, based on the theory of the CSAMT and Finite Element Method (FEM), both of the models of irregular terrain (ridge, valley, and slope) and containing variant anomaly body under the irregular terrain have been simulated. Results show that terrain effect is very serious where undulate angle is more than 10 degree, and at the different condition, the effect is different. Sometimes topographic effect can cause mistake or falsity explanation, especially at the TM mode.Then, by comparing of a few different terrain correction or inversion methods, we have found that 1D & and 2D flat land inversion can not remove the topographic effect; space filter can remove small unhomogenous; the ratio (terrain correction factors) technique can preferably remove the topographic effect, where terrain undulate is not serious; rough topography 2D inversion can remove the topographic effect perfectly, and can give good image of subsurface resistivity model.After then, we present a practical archaeological exploration case of 2D terrain correction in CSAMT survey by choosing the useful correct method. The results show that terrain corrections can greatly attenuate the topographic effects and improve the quality of data interpretation.Lastly, an error expression is derived for calculating the Cagniard apparent resistivity error caused by magnetic sensor declination in CSAMT survey.
引文
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