深大长隧道的电磁测深法应用研究
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摘要
深大长隧道的地球物理宏观预测是当今工程界亟待解决的重大前沿课题。本文紧紧结合当前我国中西部铁路工程建设发展过程中,深大长隧道工程日益增多的实际情况,结合宜(昌)-万(州)铁路工程勘察,针对电磁测深法在深大长铁路隧道勘察中的应用这一课题展开研究。首先简要地叙述了当前深大长隧道工程勘察研究的概况及研究前沿,然后结合大地电磁测深理论提出了高频人文大地电磁测深法。随后根据野外实测数据对该方法的频谱特征进行归纳总结,分析了高频大地电磁测深法和可控源音频大地电磁测深法的噪声来源和干扰特征,并结合实际工程应用对这两种具有代表性的电磁测深方法的技术路线进行了对比研究,详细地论述了由地表不均匀体和地形因素所引起的静态效应产生的影响及校正方法,同时也讨论了两种电磁测深方法的分辨率问题、探测深度问题。接下来,先对高频大地电磁测深法的TE和TM模式下应用结果进行了理论分析和实例比较,又对可控源音频大地电磁测深法的近场效应、过渡带效应和阴影效应进行研究。论文的第五部分着重结合宜(昌)-万(州)铁路工程勘察实例分别论述了高频人文大地电磁测深法和可控源音频大地电磁法在深大长隧道中溶洞探测、断层的定位的应用效果,对两种方法的应用条件、数据处理方法、物探解释理论进行了深入的研究,对于今后开展此类工程勘察设计有较好的指导作用。论文还对高频人文大地电磁法的场源激发类型进行了先期的探讨,得出了一些有用的结论。在论文的最后,对本论文所取得的一些成果进行了简单的总结,并对下一步研究工作的开展提出了建议。
It is an important forward topic that the geophysical macroscopic estimation of the deep, big, long tunnel, as well as it has much challage to be ugrently resolved. This paper launches the research that tightly combining the rapid development of the railway engineering and the highly increasing of the number of the deep big long tunnel engineering. At the same time, the paper aims at the applied effects of the Magnetotellurics sounding in this kind of tunnel. Firstly, the paper describes in brief the evolvement and studying foreland in the deep big long tunnel in developed countries, then put forward the high-frequency Cultural Magnetotellurics sounding method (CMT) based on the Magnetotellurics sounding theories. The paper summarizes the CMT frequency spectrum characteristic combining the field observed data, and analyzes the noise source and interference characteristic of the CMT and the CSAMT (Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics). Then, combining the actual engineering application, the paper carries on contrast research about the technique routes of the two representative MT method , discussing in detail the static effects and it's correction, the static effects result from the earth's surface inhomogeneous medium and the topographic inequality. The resolution problems and the prospecting depth problems of CMT and CSAMT discussed too. Secondly, after analyzing and contrasting the applied effects in TE model and TM model
of the CMT method, the paper studies the near field effect, transitional belt effect and shadow effect of the CSAMT and method. In the fifth chapter, the paper studies the cavern detection and fault orientation by CMT and CSAMT methods, combining the railway engineering survey of Yichang - Wanzhou railway. The paper carries on thorough research on the applied conditions, data processing, theories of geophysical explanation of CMT and CSAMT. It is a good indicator for this kind of engineering design aftertime. At last, the paper studies originally to the source of the useful conclusions, in the last of the paper, the author summarizes in brief the results of the paper and put forward some suggestions for the future work.
It is an important forward topic that the geophysical macroscopic estimation of the deep, big, long tunnel, as well as it has much challage to be ugrently resolved. This paper launches the research that tightly combining the rapid development of the railway engineering and the highly increasing of the number of the deep big long tunnel engineering. At the same time, the paper aims at the applied effects of the Magnetotellurics sounding in this kind of tunnel. Firstly, the paper describes in brief the evolvement and studying foreland in the deep big long tunnel in developed countries, then put forward the high-frequency Cultural Magnetotellurics sounding method (CMT) based on the Magnetotellurics sounding theories. The paper summarizes the CMT frequency spectrum characteristic combining the field observed data, and analyzes the noise source and interference characteristic of the CMT and the CSAMT (Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics). Then, combining the actual engineering application, the paper carries on contrast research about the technique routes of the two representative MT method , discussing in detail the static effects and it's correction, the static effects result from the earth's surface inhomogeneous medium and the topographic inequality. The resolution problems and the prospecting depth problems of CMT and CSAMT discussed too. Secondly, after analyzing and contrasting the applied effects in TE model and TM model
of the CMT method, the paper studies the near field effect, transitional belt effect and shadow effect of the CSAMT and method. In the fifth chapter, the paper studies the cavern detection and fault orientation by CMT and CSAMT methods, combining the railway engineering survey of Yichang - Wanzhou railway. The paper carries on thorough research on the applied conditions, data processing, theories of geophysical explanation of CMT and CSAMT. It is a good indicator for this kind of engineering design aftertime. At last, the paper studies originally to the source of the useful conclusions, in the last of the paper, the author summarizes in brief the results of the paper and put forward some suggestions for the future work.
引文
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[3] 昌彦君,王华军,罗延钟.EH-4系统观测资料的非远区场校正研究[J].吉林大学学报,2002,32(2):177-180
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[7] Das, Umesh C. Frequency-and time-domain electromagnetic responses of layered earth-a multiseparation, multisystem approach[J].Geophysics, 1995,60, (1): 285-290
[8] 段波.校正大地电磁测深中静态效应的首枝重合法[J].长春地质学院学报,1994,24(4):444-449
[9] Egbert, Gary D. Processing and interpretation of electromagnetic induction array data Surveys in Geophysics[J].2002,23(2):207-249
[10] Garcia, Xavier, Jones, Alan G. Atmospheric sources for audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding Geophysics, 2002, 67(2): 448-458
[11] Iliceto, V, Santarato, G. On the interference of man-made EM fields in the magnetotelluric 'dead band'[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1999, 47(5):707-719
[12] 何继善,等编译.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].中南工业大学出版社,1990
[13] 何兰芳,王绪本,王成祥.应用小波分析提高MT资料信噪比[J].成都理工学院学报,1999,26(3):299-302
[14] 冯晓燕,隧道突发性涌水涌泥的形成条件及预测[J].岩土钻掘矿业工程,1999,3:53-55
[15] 胡家华,陈清礼,严良骏等.MT资料的噪声波分析及减小观测噪声的措施[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(4):69-71
[16] 吉住永三朗,管野强.电极配置的感度分布(Ⅰ)地表电极配列[J].物理探矿,25(1):27-33
[17] 晋光文,孙洁,王继军.地形对大地电磁测探(MTS)资料的影响[J].地震地质,1997,19(4):363-369
[18] 蒋忠信,王衡.南昆铁路岩溶洞穴预报技术[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,2:69-73
[19] 邝广.可控源音频大地电磁法的场区校正[J].中国煤田地质,1996,8(3):74-77
[20] Li,X,邓前辉.可控源张量大地电磁法[J].地震地质译丛,1993,:35-42
[21] 李吉松,朴化荣.MT法电磁相位移偏移研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(2):189-213
[22] 李张明.电磁波层析成像技术在溶洞探测中的应用[J].中国岩溶,1995,14(4):372-378
[23] 刘宏,王家映.三维电磁阵列剖面法的基本原理及应用[J].地球物理学进 展,1997,12(1):61-73
[24] 刘国栋,赵国泽.大地电磁法新进展[J].地球科学进展,1994,19(4)97-100
[25] 刘国栋.我国大地电磁的发展[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(增刊):301-310
[26] 刘国栋,陈乐寿主编.大地电磁测深法研究[M].地震出版社,1984
[27] 刘志刚,赵勇,李忠.隧道施工地质工作方法[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2000,13(4):1-5
[28] 刘玉乾,潘瑞林.铁路工程物探在技术进步中发展[J].铁道工程学报,1996,2:325-329
[29] 柳建新,温佩琳.EMAP法及其应用[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1994,25(增刊5):63-68
[30] 罗洪发.被动源高频大地磁系统的应用[J].地质与勘探,2002,38(6):51-54
[31] 罗延钟,何展翔.可控源音频大地电磁法的静态效应校正[J].物探与化探,1991,15(3):196-202
[32] 莫撼.EH-4电磁系统的近源效应及其校正方法[J].物探与化探,2000,24(4):314-320
[33] Newman, Gregory A., Alumbaugh, David L. 3D electromagnetic modeling using staggered finite differences[J].International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 1997, 2.: 929-932
[34] 倪芬明,刘志田,孙德晨等.应用EH-4电磁仪寻找地下水[J].石油仪器,2001,15(1):37-38
[35] 欧阳联华,于鹏,王家林,等.大地电磁场正演计算中几个问题的探讨[j].同济大学学报,2003,31(7)828-832
[36] 裴正林,余钦范,狄帮让.井间地震层析成像分辨率研究[J].物探与化探,2002,26(3):218-224
[37] Santarato G.,Spagnolini U. Cancelling directional EM noise in magnetotellurics[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1995, 43(5):605-621
[38] Spies, Brian R. Depth of investigation in electromagnetic sounding methods Geophysics. 1989,54(7): 872-888
[39] 沈金松.用边有限元法计算三维各向异性介质的电磁响应[J].2004,28(1):11-16
[40] 苏发,汤井田,何继善,等.电磁测深中视电阻率假异常现象分析[J].中国有色金属学报,1995,5(4):14-16
[41] 汤井田,何继善.水平电偶源频率测深全区中视电阻率定义的新方法[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(4):543-552
[42] White B.S., Kohler W E.,Srnka L.J. Random scattering in magnetotellurics[J]. Geophysics, 2001, 66,(1):188-204
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