高校网络课程扩展资源的层级设计与管理
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摘要
在科学技术与信息技术的推动下,网络教育以其独特的魅力逐渐成为一种重要的教育手段。要实现网络教育就必须设计和开发网络课程,网络课程是实现网络教育的重要方式。由于网络教育不受时间与空间的限制,采用师生分离的非面授方式进行教学,所以网络教育对象需要具有较强的自控能力,需要能够进行自主学习。高校大学生无论生理还是心理都比较成熟,拥有一定的自我控制能力,能够进行自主学习,所以非常适合网络教育。现在,几乎所有高校都致力于设计网络课程,致力于开发丰富的网络课程资源。网络课程资源由教学资源,扩展资源和其他一些辅助资源构成,扩展资源是其不可缺少的重要组成部分。可是由于高校网络课程设计者只重视扩展资源的丰富性,忽视其合理性,所以高校网络课程扩展资源庞杂混乱,不利于学习者探索。为了发挥网络课程扩展资源的优势,为高校大学生创造丰富、有效的探索空间,本文对网络课程扩展资源进行了研究,主要研究高校网络课程扩展资源的设计与管理。
本文采用文献研究和网络调查的方法对国内外网络课程评价标准及其相关文件进行了分析,对国内外高校精品网络课程扩展资源的现状进行了调查,并依据调查和分析结果对网络课程扩展资源进行了定义和归纳,指出其存在的问题。高校网络课程扩展资源虽然丰富,但是由于缺少合理的组织与规划,所以存在结构混乱、导航性差、不便利用和不易更新等问题。针对上述问题,本文在存在主义哲学思想和系统论的指导下,依据建构主义、个别差异理论和读书层次论,提出网络课程扩展资源的层级设计及基本管理模式。
层级设计的核心理念是分层和分级,其基本设计流程是线性的,依据此流程设计网络课程扩展资源能够在网络课程中构建层次清晰、等级分明的扩展资源。网络课程扩展资源的基本管理模式要求管理者依据学习者的需求和前沿信息修改资源数据库,通过修改资源数据库来更新扩展资源,依据此模式管理扩展资源,能够不断的完善扩展资源,保证扩展资源的最新性和可用性。网络课程扩展资源的层级设计及基本管理模式对增强扩展资源的导航性,提高扩展资源的利用率,满足学习者个别学习的需要,提高学习效率和提高扩展资源的可更新性具有一定的理论指导意义。
Under the impulsion of science technology and information technology, the education based on web gradually becomes an important education method by its unique charm. If we want to realize the education based on web, we must design and develop web course which is an important way to realize education based on web. Because education based on web isn’t restricted by time and space and it uses the instructional method which teachers and students aren’t face to face, so the object of education based on web need to have self-control ability and be able to carry on study independently. Students in university are already mature basically in whatever psychologically or physiologically and have some control ability to study themselves, so they are very fit to web education.Now, nearly all colleges and universities devote to designing web course and developing plentiful resources of web course. Web course resources are composed by teaching resources, expansion resources and some other supplementary; resources, in which expansion resources is the important and indispensable part. But web course designers in university pay all attention to the richment of expansion resourses, and neglect the reasonableness, so expansion resourses of web courses is numerous and jumbled and is disadvantageous for leaners to explore. In order to bring the advantages of expansion resourses of web courses into play and to make rich and efficient exploration room for students in universities, this article has studied the expansion resourses of web courses,mainly in design and management of it.
This article analyzes appraisement standard of web course and its related document in domestic and foreign and investigates the present situation of expansion resources of high-quality web course in domestic and foreign with the literature research method and the research method of web investigation. And according to the result of the investigation and analysis, this article defines and induces expansion resources of web course, points out the questions of expansion resources of web course for colleges and universities. The expansion resources of web course for colleges and universities are plentiful, but because it lacks the reasonable organization and plan, it has the following questions: its structure is chaotic; its navigation is not good; it isn’t advantageous to the student’s use; it isn’t easy to renew, and so on. In view of above questions, under the instruction of the existentialism philosophy thought and the system theory, according to constructivism, individual difference theory and the level theory of reading, this article proposed hierarchical design of expansion resources of web course and the basic management mode of expansion resources of web course.
The core idea of hierarchical design is stratification and classify. The basic design flow of hierarchical design is linear. Designing expansion resources of web course with this flow can establish expansion resources which are well organized and have clear grade in web course. The basic management mode of expansion resources of web course demands the managers modify resource base according to the needs of learners and the forward information through this method to remew expansion resources.We can utilize this mode to manage expansion resourses to make it perfect and ensure it update and available. Hierarchical design of expansion resources of web course and the basic management mode of expansion resources of web course has guide purport in five aspects, strengthening the navigation of expansion resources, raising the utilization ratio of expansion resources, meeting the needs of individual learners, enhancing the study efficiency and the possibility of renewal of expansion resource.
本文采用文献研究和网络调查的方法对国内外网络课程评价标准及其相关文件进行了分析,对国内外高校精品网络课程扩展资源的现状进行了调查,并依据调查和分析结果对网络课程扩展资源进行了定义和归纳,指出其存在的问题。高校网络课程扩展资源虽然丰富,但是由于缺少合理的组织与规划,所以存在结构混乱、导航性差、不便利用和不易更新等问题。针对上述问题,本文在存在主义哲学思想和系统论的指导下,依据建构主义、个别差异理论和读书层次论,提出网络课程扩展资源的层级设计及基本管理模式。
层级设计的核心理念是分层和分级,其基本设计流程是线性的,依据此流程设计网络课程扩展资源能够在网络课程中构建层次清晰、等级分明的扩展资源。网络课程扩展资源的基本管理模式要求管理者依据学习者的需求和前沿信息修改资源数据库,通过修改资源数据库来更新扩展资源,依据此模式管理扩展资源,能够不断的完善扩展资源,保证扩展资源的最新性和可用性。网络课程扩展资源的层级设计及基本管理模式对增强扩展资源的导航性,提高扩展资源的利用率,满足学习者个别学习的需要,提高学习效率和提高扩展资源的可更新性具有一定的理论指导意义。
Under the impulsion of science technology and information technology, the education based on web gradually becomes an important education method by its unique charm. If we want to realize the education based on web, we must design and develop web course which is an important way to realize education based on web. Because education based on web isn’t restricted by time and space and it uses the instructional method which teachers and students aren’t face to face, so the object of education based on web need to have self-control ability and be able to carry on study independently. Students in university are already mature basically in whatever psychologically or physiologically and have some control ability to study themselves, so they are very fit to web education.Now, nearly all colleges and universities devote to designing web course and developing plentiful resources of web course. Web course resources are composed by teaching resources, expansion resources and some other supplementary; resources, in which expansion resources is the important and indispensable part. But web course designers in university pay all attention to the richment of expansion resourses, and neglect the reasonableness, so expansion resourses of web courses is numerous and jumbled and is disadvantageous for leaners to explore. In order to bring the advantages of expansion resourses of web courses into play and to make rich and efficient exploration room for students in universities, this article has studied the expansion resourses of web courses,mainly in design and management of it.
This article analyzes appraisement standard of web course and its related document in domestic and foreign and investigates the present situation of expansion resources of high-quality web course in domestic and foreign with the literature research method and the research method of web investigation. And according to the result of the investigation and analysis, this article defines and induces expansion resources of web course, points out the questions of expansion resources of web course for colleges and universities. The expansion resources of web course for colleges and universities are plentiful, but because it lacks the reasonable organization and plan, it has the following questions: its structure is chaotic; its navigation is not good; it isn’t advantageous to the student’s use; it isn’t easy to renew, and so on. In view of above questions, under the instruction of the existentialism philosophy thought and the system theory, according to constructivism, individual difference theory and the level theory of reading, this article proposed hierarchical design of expansion resources of web course and the basic management mode of expansion resources of web course.
The core idea of hierarchical design is stratification and classify. The basic design flow of hierarchical design is linear. Designing expansion resources of web course with this flow can establish expansion resources which are well organized and have clear grade in web course. The basic management mode of expansion resources of web course demands the managers modify resource base according to the needs of learners and the forward information through this method to remew expansion resources.We can utilize this mode to manage expansion resourses to make it perfect and ensure it update and available. Hierarchical design of expansion resources of web course and the basic management mode of expansion resources of web course has guide purport in five aspects, strengthening the navigation of expansion resources, raising the utilization ratio of expansion resources, meeting the needs of individual learners, enhancing the study efficiency and the possibility of renewal of expansion resource.
引文
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[1] 教育部教育信息化技术标准委员会.网络课程评价规范[S],2002,(11).
[2] 中华人民共和国教育部.国家精品课程评估指标[Z],2006,(4).
[3]王朋娇,赵苗苗.《摄影技术与艺术》网络课程的设计与开发[J] .电化教育研究,2006,(3).
[4]王朋娇,胡卫星.基于信息生命周期理论的网络教学资源管理[J] .中国电化教育,2005,(12).
[5]黄重阳.现代信息资源管理开发利用实务全书[M].中国科学技术出版社,2004,(6).
[6]唐清安,韩平,程永敬.网络课程的设计与实践[M].人民邮电出版社,2003,(10).
[7]武法提.目标导向的网络课程设计原理[J].中国电化教育,2006,(1).
[8]武法提.网络教育应用[G].高等教育出版社,2004,(9).
[9]吴丽萍,宁秋丽.基于校园网的在线测试系统的开发与应用[J].黑龙江教育,2004, (31).
[10]邹羚.用 ASP 开发在线测试系统[J].上海铁道科技, 2004,(03).
[11]谢康宁,谢百治,李冰.在线测试系统的设计及开发[J].信息技术教育,2003,(12).
[12]周必水,罗川林.在线测试系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,(21).
[13]张银.答疑系统学习机制的分析与思考[J].中国远程教育,2006,(02).
[14]蔡冠群,张业睿,袁晓斌.构筑基于 Web 的远程答疑系统[J].信息技术教育,2006,(03).
[15]祝智庭.网络教育应用教程[M].北京师范大学出版社,2002,(10).
[16]解月光.网络化多媒体课件的教学设计方法[J].中国电化教育,2001,(2).
[17]袁鹏飞.Intranet 网络建设与应用开发[M].人民邮电出版社,1999,(5).
[18]王冰.管理学远程案例讨论的设计方案[J].中国远程教育,2002,(7).
[19]张剑平.Internet 及其教育应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,(10).
[20]丁兴富.远程教育学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,(10).
[21]何克抗 李文光.教育技术学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,(10).
[22]朱凌云 罗廷锦 余胜泉.网络课程评价[J].开放教育,2002,(3).
[23]李俪.解读网络教学八大现象[J].开放教育,2002,(4).
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[25] 顾明远.教育大辞典[Z].上海教育出版社,1990.
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[27]丁兴富.远程教育的微观理论[J] .中国远程教育,2001,(2).
[28] 教育部现代远程教育资源建设委员会.现代远程教育资源建设技术规范(试行)[S],2002,(5).
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