SRT对微生物代谢产物和生物多样性的影响研究
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摘要
微生物代谢产物会影响水处理工艺的处理效果和污泥性质。本研究以序批式反应器(SBR)为试验对象,通过两种方式研究污泥停留时间(SRT)对微生物代谢产物和生物多样性的影响。其中一种研究方式是分析微生物代谢产物在SRT变化过程中的变化规律;另一种研究方式是分析不同SRT条件下微生物代谢产物、生物多样性、生物种群结构的异同。
研究表明不同的SRT条件下微生物代谢产物是具有差异的,而且微生物生物多样性和种群结构的变化为其差异提供了佐证。EPS浓度与蛋白质比重在SRT为5 d和30 d时取得最大和最小值,多糖比重和EPS中非蛋白质、多糖物质的比重分别于SRT为20 d和30 d时取得最大。在不同的SRT条件下EPS浓度与蛋白质比重差异较大,而多糖比重变化较小。
SRT的变化过程中微生物代谢产物的变化没有明显的规律性。EPS浓度在总体上与SRT的变化趋势呈反比,但其具体变化较为复杂。SRT在10～30 d范围内波动时EPS浓度对SRT的下行趋势具有短时的缓冲能力,但SRT在5～40 d的范围内波动时其缓冲能力被破坏。EPS组分在SRT的变化过程中,其规律性并不明显。SRT的变化对EPS中蛋白质组分的影响明显大于多糖组分。蛋白质组分在SRT的变化初期通常有所下降,但在SRT变小的过程中蛋白质的最终比重有增加的趋势。此外,SMP浓度受SRT影响的规律性不强且在SRT为10～30 d的范围内变化较为平缓。
不同的SRT条件下生物多样性和种群结构也会有所差异。以SDI值为指示的生物多样性与SRT不呈线性关系,SDI值在SRT为10 d时取得最小值。通过PCR-DGGE图谱分析,发现SRT为40 d时生物多样性最大但优势菌群的活性稍差,而SRT为30 d时优势菌群的活性较强。系统微生物在SRT为40 d和SRT小于40 d时的同源性较差,两者可以较为明显的划分为两个族群。短泥龄系统中SRT对同源性的影响较小。此外,通过切胶回收和克隆测序,发现SRT为40 d时存在以降解硫酸盐获得能源的优势微生物。
Microbial metabolites can influence the treatment effect and sludge properties of water treatment process. In this research, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is used as a test object. The influence of SRT on microbial metabolites and biodiversity is studied by two ways. The first one is analyzing the changing mechanism of microbial metabolites under various sludge retention time (SRT), the last one is analyzing the similarities and differences of various SRT condition’s microbial metabolites, biodiversity, biological population structure.
The results showed that under diffefent SRT conditions microbial metabolites may vary. This difference is also approved by biodiversity and biological population structure. The extracellular polymeric substances’(EPS) concentration and protein proportion achieve maximum when the SRT is 5d, and reach minimum when the SRT is 30d. EPS’polysaccharide proportion achieve maximum when the SRT is 20d. The other components of EPS reach maximum when the SRT is 30d. Under various SRT conditions, EPS concentration and protein proportion varied accordingly, but polysaccharide was the other around.
The change of microbial metabolites has little regularity under the changing process of SRT. Generally, the concentration of EPS is in inverse proportion to the change of SRT, but the detailed changing is complicated. When the SRT fluctuation is in the range of 10~30d, the concentration of EPS has short time buffer capacity aganst SRT’s decreasing tendency. But the buffer capacity will be destroyed, if the fluctuation range is 5~40d. The variation of EPS component is not obviously. The protein and polysaccharide will be affected by the change of SRT, but the effect on protein is more obviously than polysaccharide. The proportion of protein will decreased in the early change of SRT, however, the final proportion of protein can be increased, if the SRT decrease. In addition, the concentration of soluble microbial product (SMP) showed little regularity in the change process of SRT, and the concentration of SMP change slightly when the range of SRT is 10~30d.
Biodiversity and biological population structure have discrepancy under Various SRT condition. The article uses SDI to represent Biodiversity. The research shows that SDI and SRT have no linear relationship and SDI take minimum when the SRT is 10d. The result of PCR-DGGE shows that SDI reach maximum when the SRT is 40d, and the dominant microflora take more activity when the SRT is 30d. Because of the poor homology, the system microorganism of SRT for 40d and the system microorganism of other SRT are different ethnic groups. The SRT has little affected on the homology, provided that the system has short sludge age. In addition, though cloning and sequencing, the research shows that the system of SRT for 40d exists the dominant microbes, which can get energy by degrading sulfate.
研究表明不同的SRT条件下微生物代谢产物是具有差异的,而且微生物生物多样性和种群结构的变化为其差异提供了佐证。EPS浓度与蛋白质比重在SRT为5 d和30 d时取得最大和最小值,多糖比重和EPS中非蛋白质、多糖物质的比重分别于SRT为20 d和30 d时取得最大。在不同的SRT条件下EPS浓度与蛋白质比重差异较大,而多糖比重变化较小。
SRT的变化过程中微生物代谢产物的变化没有明显的规律性。EPS浓度在总体上与SRT的变化趋势呈反比,但其具体变化较为复杂。SRT在10～30 d范围内波动时EPS浓度对SRT的下行趋势具有短时的缓冲能力,但SRT在5～40 d的范围内波动时其缓冲能力被破坏。EPS组分在SRT的变化过程中,其规律性并不明显。SRT的变化对EPS中蛋白质组分的影响明显大于多糖组分。蛋白质组分在SRT的变化初期通常有所下降,但在SRT变小的过程中蛋白质的最终比重有增加的趋势。此外,SMP浓度受SRT影响的规律性不强且在SRT为10～30 d的范围内变化较为平缓。
不同的SRT条件下生物多样性和种群结构也会有所差异。以SDI值为指示的生物多样性与SRT不呈线性关系,SDI值在SRT为10 d时取得最小值。通过PCR-DGGE图谱分析,发现SRT为40 d时生物多样性最大但优势菌群的活性稍差,而SRT为30 d时优势菌群的活性较强。系统微生物在SRT为40 d和SRT小于40 d时的同源性较差,两者可以较为明显的划分为两个族群。短泥龄系统中SRT对同源性的影响较小。此外,通过切胶回收和克隆测序,发现SRT为40 d时存在以降解硫酸盐获得能源的优势微生物。
Microbial metabolites can influence the treatment effect and sludge properties of water treatment process. In this research, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is used as a test object. The influence of SRT on microbial metabolites and biodiversity is studied by two ways. The first one is analyzing the changing mechanism of microbial metabolites under various sludge retention time (SRT), the last one is analyzing the similarities and differences of various SRT condition’s microbial metabolites, biodiversity, biological population structure.
The results showed that under diffefent SRT conditions microbial metabolites may vary. This difference is also approved by biodiversity and biological population structure. The extracellular polymeric substances’(EPS) concentration and protein proportion achieve maximum when the SRT is 5d, and reach minimum when the SRT is 30d. EPS’polysaccharide proportion achieve maximum when the SRT is 20d. The other components of EPS reach maximum when the SRT is 30d. Under various SRT conditions, EPS concentration and protein proportion varied accordingly, but polysaccharide was the other around.
The change of microbial metabolites has little regularity under the changing process of SRT. Generally, the concentration of EPS is in inverse proportion to the change of SRT, but the detailed changing is complicated. When the SRT fluctuation is in the range of 10~30d, the concentration of EPS has short time buffer capacity aganst SRT’s decreasing tendency. But the buffer capacity will be destroyed, if the fluctuation range is 5~40d. The variation of EPS component is not obviously. The protein and polysaccharide will be affected by the change of SRT, but the effect on protein is more obviously than polysaccharide. The proportion of protein will decreased in the early change of SRT, however, the final proportion of protein can be increased, if the SRT decrease. In addition, the concentration of soluble microbial product (SMP) showed little regularity in the change process of SRT, and the concentration of SMP change slightly when the range of SRT is 10~30d.
Biodiversity and biological population structure have discrepancy under Various SRT condition. The article uses SDI to represent Biodiversity. The research shows that SDI and SRT have no linear relationship and SDI take minimum when the SRT is 10d. The result of PCR-DGGE shows that SDI reach maximum when the SRT is 40d, and the dominant microflora take more activity when the SRT is 30d. Because of the poor homology, the system microorganism of SRT for 40d and the system microorganism of other SRT are different ethnic groups. The SRT has little affected on the homology, provided that the system has short sludge age. In addition, though cloning and sequencing, the research shows that the system of SRT for 40d exists the dominant microbes, which can get energy by degrading sulfate.
引文
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[3]上海市政工程设计研究总院.污水处理厂改扩建设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[4]张自杰,林荣忱,金儒霖.排水工程(第四版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[5]尚会来,彭永臻,张静蓉,等.SRT对于污水脱氮过程中N2O产生的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(4):754-758.
[6]刘秀红,杨庆,吴昌永,等.不同污水生物脱氮工艺中N2O释放量及影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(12):1940-1947.
[7]李亚静,孙力平,郑淑平.碳源浓度和污泥龄对反硝化聚磷脱氮影响研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(5):112-115.
[8] Han,Bea,Jang,et al.Influence of sludge retention time on membrane fouling and bioactivities in membrane bioreactor system[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(7):2393-2400.
[9] How Y Ng,Slawomir W Hermanowicz.Membrane bioreactor operation at short solids retention times : performance and biomass characteristics[J]. Water Research,2005,39(6):981-992.
[10]李绍峰,刘玉强,崔崇威,等.SRT影响MBR污泥体系去除污染物动力学研究[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(5):105-108.
[11] Sponza D T.Extracellular polymer substances and physicochemical properties of flocs in steady-state and unsteady-state activated sludge systems[J].Process Biochemistry,2002,37(9):983-998.
[12] Liao B Q,Allen D G,Droppo I G,el al.Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability[J].Water Research,2001,35(2):339-350.
[13] Andreas Jahn,Nielsen P H.Cell biomass and exopolymer composition in sewer biofilms[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(1):17-24.
[14]多金环,安金辉.可溶性微生物产物的产生及影响因素分析[J].化工环保, 2004,24(3):169-172.
[15] Pribyl M,Tucek F,Wilderer P A,et al.Amount and nature of soluble refractory organics produced by activated sludge micro-organisms in sequencing batch and continuous flow reactors[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,35(1):27-34.
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