躯体传感器网络的高能效MAC协议设计与实现
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摘要
无线传感器网络技术的发展逐渐渗透进入多元化的生物医学应用领域。生物和生理传感器、低功耗集成电路、计算机科学以及无线通信等技术的快速成长,使得无线传感器网络朝着新一代的传感研究方向发展。这种无线传感器网络更加适用于不同的应用领域,例如,道路交通拥挤程度的监测、农业植物生长状态的监护、基础设施施工情况的检验以及人体生理健康状态的健康护理等等。
然而,由于医疗健康监护领域的特殊特性使其对无线通信中的传输延时、服务质量和能量消耗等有着一定的要求,特别是在急诊的环境中更是如此。本文的工作就是围绕无线传感器网络的其中一个分支方向,躯体传感器网络(BodySensor Networks,BSN)而展开,它是一个丰富的跨学科领域,是医疗卫生保健系统的革命性工程,它用低成本的方式通过互联网将实时更新的医疗数据和持续、动态的健康监护紧密结合在一起。大量的智能生理传感器可集成到一个可穿戴的无线躯体传感器网络系统中,该系统能用于患者病情的早期诊断。
本文针对穿戴式医疗监护设备的能耗问题,提出了一种专门为躯体传感器网络设计的高能效、低复杂度改进的介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)协议。该MAC协议通过去除不必要的控制帧信息以及采取非对称方式将大量的控制和处理工作移至中心主节点进行,提高传感器节点的能量效率,实现冲突避免。同时采用不同帧丢失的数据重发机制能够重新找回已丢失的数据,保证生理信息的完整性,更加准确的将特殊环境的数据发送至控制端。另外,自适应调节的时间同步机制能够控制时间同步间隔时间,能大范围的改善由于时间同步带来的数据相关性不匹配等问题,适应不同的生理应用。
此外,本文还引出自主设计的躯体传感器网络硬件开发平台,它能提供在体生理信息监护和人体近端无线数据通信功能。躯体传感器网络高能效MAC协议在此平台上完全实现,并对其功耗、无线性能、丢包率、网络吞吐量和能量消耗性能进行测试与评估,结果表明该MAC协议具有较高的能量效率。
最后,三个基于躯体传感器网络开发平台的推广实验说明该硬件平台及MAC协议工作稳定可靠。躯体传感器网络开发平台将在泛在式健康监护、远程医疗、穿戴式医疗设备以及其他新兴生物医学领域有着广泛的应用。
Technology advantages of wireless sensor networks have shown great deal of promises in various biomedical applications. The rapid technological growth in physiological sensors, low power integrated circuits, computer science and wireless communication has enabled a new generation of wireless sensor networks towards a burgeon field. These wireless sensor networks are suitable for different applications, e.g. traffic monitoring, plant monitoring in agriculture, infrastructure monitoring and health monitoring.
In terms of the wireless communications the healthcare monitoring has its unique characteristics that affect its efficiency in transmission delay, quality of service and power consumptions in some situations this even involves a surgery. Our work is related to Wireless sensor technology for health monitoring applications called Body Sensor Networks (BSN). BSN is a rich interdisciplinary area which revolutionizes the health care system by allowing inexpensive, continuous and ambulatory health monitoring with real-time updates of medical records via Internet. A number of intelligent physiological sensors can be integrated into a wearable wireless body area network, which can be used for computer assisted rehabilitation and even early detection of medical conditions.
In this paper we proposed an energy-efficient, low-complexity medium access control (MAC) protocol. The MAC protocol was designated to handle collision avoidance by reducing the numbers of the overhead packets for handshake control within the BSN. We also suggested a novel message recovery mechanism for getting back the lost physiological information. The adaptive synchronization scheme we have implemented exploited the features of multiple data-rate and adjustable precision design to support differentiated healthcare applications.
We also introduced a specially-designed body sensor networks hardware platform for on-body physiological measurements and body-proximal wireless data communications. The MAC protocol that was fully implemented in the platform we developed. The power consumption, wireless performance, packet loss rate, network throughput, energy cost show that our MAC protocol was energy efficient.
Finally, the experiments from three medical applications showed that our platform works as intended. We believe the BSN platform will greatly facilitate the research and development activities for pervasive healthcare, telemedicine, wearable medical devices and other emerging biomedical engineering fields.
然而,由于医疗健康监护领域的特殊特性使其对无线通信中的传输延时、服务质量和能量消耗等有着一定的要求,特别是在急诊的环境中更是如此。本文的工作就是围绕无线传感器网络的其中一个分支方向,躯体传感器网络(BodySensor Networks,BSN)而展开,它是一个丰富的跨学科领域,是医疗卫生保健系统的革命性工程,它用低成本的方式通过互联网将实时更新的医疗数据和持续、动态的健康监护紧密结合在一起。大量的智能生理传感器可集成到一个可穿戴的无线躯体传感器网络系统中,该系统能用于患者病情的早期诊断。
本文针对穿戴式医疗监护设备的能耗问题,提出了一种专门为躯体传感器网络设计的高能效、低复杂度改进的介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)协议。该MAC协议通过去除不必要的控制帧信息以及采取非对称方式将大量的控制和处理工作移至中心主节点进行,提高传感器节点的能量效率,实现冲突避免。同时采用不同帧丢失的数据重发机制能够重新找回已丢失的数据,保证生理信息的完整性,更加准确的将特殊环境的数据发送至控制端。另外,自适应调节的时间同步机制能够控制时间同步间隔时间,能大范围的改善由于时间同步带来的数据相关性不匹配等问题,适应不同的生理应用。
此外,本文还引出自主设计的躯体传感器网络硬件开发平台,它能提供在体生理信息监护和人体近端无线数据通信功能。躯体传感器网络高能效MAC协议在此平台上完全实现,并对其功耗、无线性能、丢包率、网络吞吐量和能量消耗性能进行测试与评估,结果表明该MAC协议具有较高的能量效率。
最后,三个基于躯体传感器网络开发平台的推广实验说明该硬件平台及MAC协议工作稳定可靠。躯体传感器网络开发平台将在泛在式健康监护、远程医疗、穿戴式医疗设备以及其他新兴生物医学领域有着广泛的应用。
Technology advantages of wireless sensor networks have shown great deal of promises in various biomedical applications. The rapid technological growth in physiological sensors, low power integrated circuits, computer science and wireless communication has enabled a new generation of wireless sensor networks towards a burgeon field. These wireless sensor networks are suitable for different applications, e.g. traffic monitoring, plant monitoring in agriculture, infrastructure monitoring and health monitoring.
In terms of the wireless communications the healthcare monitoring has its unique characteristics that affect its efficiency in transmission delay, quality of service and power consumptions in some situations this even involves a surgery. Our work is related to Wireless sensor technology for health monitoring applications called Body Sensor Networks (BSN). BSN is a rich interdisciplinary area which revolutionizes the health care system by allowing inexpensive, continuous and ambulatory health monitoring with real-time updates of medical records via Internet. A number of intelligent physiological sensors can be integrated into a wearable wireless body area network, which can be used for computer assisted rehabilitation and even early detection of medical conditions.
In this paper we proposed an energy-efficient, low-complexity medium access control (MAC) protocol. The MAC protocol was designated to handle collision avoidance by reducing the numbers of the overhead packets for handshake control within the BSN. We also suggested a novel message recovery mechanism for getting back the lost physiological information. The adaptive synchronization scheme we have implemented exploited the features of multiple data-rate and adjustable precision design to support differentiated healthcare applications.
We also introduced a specially-designed body sensor networks hardware platform for on-body physiological measurements and body-proximal wireless data communications. The MAC protocol that was fully implemented in the platform we developed. The power consumption, wireless performance, packet loss rate, network throughput, energy cost show that our MAC protocol was energy efficient.
Finally, the experiments from three medical applications showed that our platform works as intended. We believe the BSN platform will greatly facilitate the research and development activities for pervasive healthcare, telemedicine, wearable medical devices and other emerging biomedical engineering fields.
引文
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