基于WSN的穿戴式人体姿态与健康监护系统的研制
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摘要
随着社会老年化问题加剧,人们对老年人的健康日益关注,监测老年人日常运动姿态和生理信息、评估老年人的健康状况,具有重要的社会意义。穿戴式技术应用于老年人健康监护,实现低生理、心理负荷下人体生理信号动态获取,已成为医疗监护领域的研究热点。开发新型的可穿戴式医疗监护仪,在老年人日常健康监测、病人康复治疗等方面有重大的实用价值,将成为新医疗模式下重要的健康监护、诊断和保健设备。目前,国外在健康监护领域的研究成果颇丰,而国内该领域的研究正处于起步阶段。随着人们家庭保健意识的增强,穿戴式医疗监护技术将具有广阔的应用前景。
本文研究了一套基于无线传感器网络的可穿戴式人体姿态与健康监护平台,能实时检测和显示人体姿态和生理信息。论文主要包括以下几个方面:
1.介绍了无线传感器网络的基本概念,详细分析了ZigBee2006协议栈各层功能,在此基础上进行项目需求分析,提出了监护系统总体方案:系统由可穿戴式节点(4个子节点和1个中心节点)和PC机人机交互界面组成。穿戴式节点佩戴在人体不同部位,检测运动加速度信息,并通过无线网络将数据传给PC机,PC机上研究算法处理加速度数据,实时检测人体姿态、心率信息,并跟踪步态运动。
2.结合项目需求设计了传感器节点硬件电路。采用单芯片SOC设计思想,大大的缩小了节点体积;选取低功耗芯片,并设计节能电路,延长了节点的工作寿命;基于微带线理论,设计了倒F型PCB环状天线,提高了射频通信的稳定性。
3.设计了健康监护系统的软件部分。系统软件包括上位机部分和下位机部分,下位机软件主要负责采集人体运动加速度数据,采用频分复用方式和ZigBee2006协议搭建通信平台,收集并传输各子节点数据到中心节点。上位机部分研究和实现了姿态/心率检测、步态跟踪算法,接收和处理加速度数据,并设计人机交互界面实时显示加速度波形、姿态/心率信息。
实验结果表明,该系统能够实时检测人体姿态/心率状况、跟踪步态运动,较好的实现了健康监护功能,且具有体积小、功耗低、准确性高、可扩展性好、性价比高等优点,可应用于老年人活动检测、健康监护等领域。
With the aggravation of aging society problem, people are increasingly paying attention to health of the elderly, it is socially important to monitor daily posture and physiological information of the elderly and evaluate their health condition. Wearable technology, which is used to monitor the health of the elderly and dynamically acquires the physiological signal with low-physical and mental load, has become a hot research field of medical care domain. New-style wearable medical monitor has important practical value in fields such as daily health inspection of the elderly, rehabilitation of patients etc., and will be an important kind of medical equipment for health monitoring, diagnosing and health care in the new medical model. Nowadays, while fruitful research results have achieved in health care domain abroad, domestic research has just been started. With the enhancement of family health care consciousnesses, Wearable health monitoring technology has broad application prospects.
This paper designed a Wearable Human Posture and Health Monitoring Platform Based on Wireless Sensor Networks, which can detect and display human posture and physiological information in real-time. The study work of this thesis includes the following aspects:
1. Basic concepts of wireless sensor network are introduced and each layer’s functions of ZigBee 2006 protocol stack are detailedly analyzed, then project needs analysis is conducted and the overall framework of monitoring system is proposed based on those groundworks. The system is composed of wearable-node (four sub-nodes and one coordinator node) and PC interaction interface. Wearable-nodes, which are worn in the different parts of the body, detect acceleration information and transmit the collected data to PC through wireless sensor network, then algorithm is processed in the PC, body posture and heart rate are detected in real-time and gait movement is traced.
2. Hardware circuit of sensor node is designed combined with the project requirements. SOC single chip design concept is adopted to reduce size of the node. To extend working life of the node, low-power chips are selected and energy-saving circuit is designed. To improve the stability of RF communication, inverted F-style PCB loop antenna is designed base on microstrip line theory.
3. System software of health care, composed of lower monitor part and host PC part, is designed. Lower monitor software is mainly responsible for sampling human acceleration information, constructing communication platform using frequency division multiplexing method and ZigBee 2006 protocol, collecting and transmitting data from child node to coordinator. Host PC software realizes the posture/heart rate detection and gait tracking algorithms, receives and processes acceleration data. Also, Human-machine interface is designed to display acceleration waveform and posture/heart rate information in real-time.
Experiments show that this monitoring system can detect body posture/heart rate information in real-time, trace gait movement accurately and realizes the health monitoring function in a better way. Also, this system has the advantages of small-size, low-power consumption, high accuracy, good extension, cost-effective, and can be used in the domains such as the elderly activity detection, health care etc..
本文研究了一套基于无线传感器网络的可穿戴式人体姿态与健康监护平台,能实时检测和显示人体姿态和生理信息。论文主要包括以下几个方面:
1.介绍了无线传感器网络的基本概念,详细分析了ZigBee2006协议栈各层功能,在此基础上进行项目需求分析,提出了监护系统总体方案:系统由可穿戴式节点(4个子节点和1个中心节点)和PC机人机交互界面组成。穿戴式节点佩戴在人体不同部位,检测运动加速度信息,并通过无线网络将数据传给PC机,PC机上研究算法处理加速度数据,实时检测人体姿态、心率信息,并跟踪步态运动。
2.结合项目需求设计了传感器节点硬件电路。采用单芯片SOC设计思想,大大的缩小了节点体积;选取低功耗芯片,并设计节能电路,延长了节点的工作寿命;基于微带线理论,设计了倒F型PCB环状天线,提高了射频通信的稳定性。
3.设计了健康监护系统的软件部分。系统软件包括上位机部分和下位机部分,下位机软件主要负责采集人体运动加速度数据,采用频分复用方式和ZigBee2006协议搭建通信平台,收集并传输各子节点数据到中心节点。上位机部分研究和实现了姿态/心率检测、步态跟踪算法,接收和处理加速度数据,并设计人机交互界面实时显示加速度波形、姿态/心率信息。
实验结果表明,该系统能够实时检测人体姿态/心率状况、跟踪步态运动,较好的实现了健康监护功能,且具有体积小、功耗低、准确性高、可扩展性好、性价比高等优点,可应用于老年人活动检测、健康监护等领域。
With the aggravation of aging society problem, people are increasingly paying attention to health of the elderly, it is socially important to monitor daily posture and physiological information of the elderly and evaluate their health condition. Wearable technology, which is used to monitor the health of the elderly and dynamically acquires the physiological signal with low-physical and mental load, has become a hot research field of medical care domain. New-style wearable medical monitor has important practical value in fields such as daily health inspection of the elderly, rehabilitation of patients etc., and will be an important kind of medical equipment for health monitoring, diagnosing and health care in the new medical model. Nowadays, while fruitful research results have achieved in health care domain abroad, domestic research has just been started. With the enhancement of family health care consciousnesses, Wearable health monitoring technology has broad application prospects.
This paper designed a Wearable Human Posture and Health Monitoring Platform Based on Wireless Sensor Networks, which can detect and display human posture and physiological information in real-time. The study work of this thesis includes the following aspects:
1. Basic concepts of wireless sensor network are introduced and each layer’s functions of ZigBee 2006 protocol stack are detailedly analyzed, then project needs analysis is conducted and the overall framework of monitoring system is proposed based on those groundworks. The system is composed of wearable-node (four sub-nodes and one coordinator node) and PC interaction interface. Wearable-nodes, which are worn in the different parts of the body, detect acceleration information and transmit the collected data to PC through wireless sensor network, then algorithm is processed in the PC, body posture and heart rate are detected in real-time and gait movement is traced.
2. Hardware circuit of sensor node is designed combined with the project requirements. SOC single chip design concept is adopted to reduce size of the node. To extend working life of the node, low-power chips are selected and energy-saving circuit is designed. To improve the stability of RF communication, inverted F-style PCB loop antenna is designed base on microstrip line theory.
3. System software of health care, composed of lower monitor part and host PC part, is designed. Lower monitor software is mainly responsible for sampling human acceleration information, constructing communication platform using frequency division multiplexing method and ZigBee 2006 protocol, collecting and transmitting data from child node to coordinator. Host PC software realizes the posture/heart rate detection and gait tracking algorithms, receives and processes acceleration data. Also, Human-machine interface is designed to display acceleration waveform and posture/heart rate information in real-time.
Experiments show that this monitoring system can detect body posture/heart rate information in real-time, trace gait movement accurately and realizes the health monitoring function in a better way. Also, this system has the advantages of small-size, low-power consumption, high accuracy, good extension, cost-effective, and can be used in the domains such as the elderly activity detection, health care etc..
引文
[1]汪朝红,吴凯,吴效明.穿戴式生理检测技术的研究及应用[J].北京:中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2007,11(22): 4384-4387.
[2]蒋挺,赵成林等.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006,30-54.
[3]金纯. ZigBee技术基础及案例分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008,10-25.
[4] ZigBee Specification Version 1 .1[S],September 5th, 2005.
[5]董大鹏,唐晓英,刘伟峰. ZigBee无线通信技术在医疗监护中的应用[J].生命科学仪器,2008,6(4):25-28.
[6]郭志峰.载人航天实施医学的建设与发展[J].航天医学与医学工程, 2008,6,21(3):68-71.
[7]金桂秋,张可经,崔大祥.远程医疗的现状及未来应用方向分析[J].西南国防医药, 2001,11(3):211-213.
[8] Warren S, Jeffrey Lebak, Jianchu Yao. Interoperability and security in wireless body area network infrastructures[C]. Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, 2005, 1(4): 2233-2236.
[9] Warren S.Yao J.Schmitz R Reconfigurable Point-of-Care Systems Designed with Interoperabilitytandards[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2004.
[10]鲍淑娣,张元亭. Telemedicine:Wearable Biomedical Devices[J].中国医疗器械信息,2004,10(5):1023-1025.
[11] Yu SN, Cheng JC. A Wireless Physiological Signal Monitoring System with Integrated Bluetooth and WiFi Technologies[J]. Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 2005,1(4):2203-2206.
[12] Kazushinge Quchi.Takuji Szuki.Miwako Dol Life Binder:A Wearable Healthcare Support System Using User's Context[J]. Proceedings. 22nd International Conference on Digital Object Identifier , 2002:791-792.
[13] C,V Bouten, K.T. Koekkoek, M. Verduin, R.Kodde, and J.D. Janssen. A triaxi-al accelerometer and portable data processing unit for the assessment of daily physical activity [J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1997; 44(3):136-147.
[14] C.BenAbdelkader, Wang MJ. The effect of gait speed and gender on perceived exertion muscle activity joint motion of Iower extremity and head rate during normal walking [J]. Uait Posture 2006: 786-790.
[15] J.P.Foster, Elson. Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks.A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree [C]. Digital Object Identifier, 2008,7(2):456-459.
[16] L. Lee and W. Grimson,“Gait analysis for recognition and classification,”in Proc[C]. IEEE Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition,2002:148–155.
[17] Jani Mantyjarvi, Juha Kela, Panu Korpipaa.: Accelerometer-based gesture control for a design environment[J]. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2006, Vol.10, No.5, 285-299.
[18] L. Dong, J.K. Wu, and X.M. Bao. A hybrid HMM Kalman filter for tracking hip angle in gait cycle[J]. EICE Trans. Info & Syst. 2006, vol. E89D, no. 7:2319-2323,
[19] Gang Ding et al. Tree-Based Data Broadcast in IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Networks[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, Nov.2006(11): 1561-1562.
[20]史永彬,叶湘滨,刘培亮.无线传感器网络技术研究现状[J].国外电子测量技术, 2005,11,24(11):19-23.
[21] Wu Guang-rong, Zhang Jia-xiong. Realization of Wireless Sensor Network Based on CC2430[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2008(12):121-123.
[22] IEEE 802.15.4 2003: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks[S].
[23] .ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Specification[S].2006,12.
[24] Konrad Lorincz, David J.Malan, Thaddeus R.F.Fulford-Jones, et al. Sensor Network for Emergency Response[J]. Challenges and Opportunities.Pervasive Computing, 2004, 50(3):16-23.
[25]于海斌,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2006: 304-320.
[26]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1):163-174.
[27] ZigBee Specification Version 1 .1[S], September 5th, 2005.
[28] IEEE 802.15.4, Part 15.3: Wireless Mdeium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network(LR-WPANs)[S]. October 2003.
[29] Microchip Stack for the ZigBee Protocol AN965[S], 2006.
[30] ZigBee Specification Version 1 .1[S],September 5th, 2005.
[31]严壮志,张静,施俊.无线医疗监护技术综述[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2006,5(30):321-326.
[32] Texas Instruments. Semiconductors Inc. Data Sheet for MSP430F1611 16-bit MCU. 1999[EB/OL]. http://datasheet.eeworld.com.cn/part/98593_TI_MSP430.html
[33] Texas Instruments. Semiconductors Inc. Data Sheet for CC2430 A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee 1999[EB/OL]. http://download.csdn.net/source/2197122
[34]张海涛,阎贵平. MEMS加速度传感器的原理及分析[J].电子工艺技术, 2003,11,24(6):260-262.
[35] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Data Sheet for MMA7260QT.±1.5g - 6g Three Axis Low-gMicromachined Accelerometer,2005[[EB/OL]]. http://www.114ic.com/MMA7260
[36] Artschip,Inc. Data Sheet for LTC3440, Micropower Synchronous Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter[EB/OL]. http://datasheet.ednchina.com/0/HYVVIHFTFYGA/Detail.aspx
[37] Texas Instruments. Semiconductors Inc. Data Sheet for TPS76030, Low power 50-mA low-DroportLinear.Regulators[EB/OL].http://datasheet.ednchina.com/2/SVIEFYSESEVT/Detail.aspx.
[38] Analog Device Inc. Data Sheet for ADM660, CMOS Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters[EB/OL]. http://datasheet.eeworld.com.cn/part/68521_AD_ADM660.html
[39] Peter Russer. Electromagnetics,microwave circuit and antenna design for communication engineering[M]. British Library Cataloguing,2003.286-290.
[40] Ye(Geoffrey)Li, Gordon L.stuber. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Wireless Communications[M]. The United State of America: Springer Science Business Media,Inc,2006, 19-25.
[41]周枫.基于ZigBee协议的无线温度传感器网络的设计与实现[D].南京理工大学, 2004,6.
[42]王娇,姚竹亭.基于VC++6.0的串口通信的设计[J].电子测试, 2009,11:47-50.
[43] Koji Umemura, Koki Tachikawa, Yosuke Kurihara. Analysis of Human Walking by 3-D Acceleration Sensor and Its Application[J]. SICE Annual Conference, 2008,8:1723-1726.
[44] Shima OKADA, Yoshihisa FUJIWARA. Non-restrictive Heart Rate Monitoring Using an Acceleration Sensor[J]. Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, 2006,9:5093-5096.
[45] Saraph V, Zwick EB, Zwick G, et al. Multilevel surgery in spastic diplegia:evaluation by physical examination and gait analysis in 25 children[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 2002,22(2): 112-115.
[46] Greg Welch, Gary Bishop. An Introduction to the Kalman Filter[M]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Computer Science:Chapel Hill,2001,7-34.
[47]郭忠武,王广志,丁辉.正常青年人步态运动学参数的研究[J].中国康复理论与实践, 2002,8(9):532-534.
[2]蒋挺,赵成林等.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006,30-54.
[3]金纯. ZigBee技术基础及案例分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008,10-25.
[4] ZigBee Specification Version 1 .1[S],September 5th, 2005.
[5]董大鹏,唐晓英,刘伟峰. ZigBee无线通信技术在医疗监护中的应用[J].生命科学仪器,2008,6(4):25-28.
[6]郭志峰.载人航天实施医学的建设与发展[J].航天医学与医学工程, 2008,6,21(3):68-71.
[7]金桂秋,张可经,崔大祥.远程医疗的现状及未来应用方向分析[J].西南国防医药, 2001,11(3):211-213.
[8] Warren S, Jeffrey Lebak, Jianchu Yao. Interoperability and security in wireless body area network infrastructures[C]. Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, 2005, 1(4): 2233-2236.
[9] Warren S.Yao J.Schmitz R Reconfigurable Point-of-Care Systems Designed with Interoperabilitytandards[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2004.
[10]鲍淑娣,张元亭. Telemedicine:Wearable Biomedical Devices[J].中国医疗器械信息,2004,10(5):1023-1025.
[11] Yu SN, Cheng JC. A Wireless Physiological Signal Monitoring System with Integrated Bluetooth and WiFi Technologies[J]. Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 2005,1(4):2203-2206.
[12] Kazushinge Quchi.Takuji Szuki.Miwako Dol Life Binder:A Wearable Healthcare Support System Using User's Context[J]. Proceedings. 22nd International Conference on Digital Object Identifier , 2002:791-792.
[13] C,V Bouten, K.T. Koekkoek, M. Verduin, R.Kodde, and J.D. Janssen. A triaxi-al accelerometer and portable data processing unit for the assessment of daily physical activity [J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1997; 44(3):136-147.
[14] C.BenAbdelkader, Wang MJ. The effect of gait speed and gender on perceived exertion muscle activity joint motion of Iower extremity and head rate during normal walking [J]. Uait Posture 2006: 786-790.
[15] J.P.Foster, Elson. Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks.A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree [C]. Digital Object Identifier, 2008,7(2):456-459.
[16] L. Lee and W. Grimson,“Gait analysis for recognition and classification,”in Proc[C]. IEEE Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition,2002:148–155.
[17] Jani Mantyjarvi, Juha Kela, Panu Korpipaa.: Accelerometer-based gesture control for a design environment[J]. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2006, Vol.10, No.5, 285-299.
[18] L. Dong, J.K. Wu, and X.M. Bao. A hybrid HMM Kalman filter for tracking hip angle in gait cycle[J]. EICE Trans. Info & Syst. 2006, vol. E89D, no. 7:2319-2323,
[19] Gang Ding et al. Tree-Based Data Broadcast in IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Networks[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, Nov.2006(11): 1561-1562.
[20]史永彬,叶湘滨,刘培亮.无线传感器网络技术研究现状[J].国外电子测量技术, 2005,11,24(11):19-23.
[21] Wu Guang-rong, Zhang Jia-xiong. Realization of Wireless Sensor Network Based on CC2430[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2008(12):121-123.
[22] IEEE 802.15.4 2003: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks[S].
[23] .ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Specification[S].2006,12.
[24] Konrad Lorincz, David J.Malan, Thaddeus R.F.Fulford-Jones, et al. Sensor Network for Emergency Response[J]. Challenges and Opportunities.Pervasive Computing, 2004, 50(3):16-23.
[25]于海斌,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2006: 304-320.
[26]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1):163-174.
[27] ZigBee Specification Version 1 .1[S], September 5th, 2005.
[28] IEEE 802.15.4, Part 15.3: Wireless Mdeium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network(LR-WPANs)[S]. October 2003.
[29] Microchip Stack for the ZigBee Protocol AN965[S], 2006.
[30] ZigBee Specification Version 1 .1[S],September 5th, 2005.
[31]严壮志,张静,施俊.无线医疗监护技术综述[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2006,5(30):321-326.
[32] Texas Instruments. Semiconductors Inc. Data Sheet for MSP430F1611 16-bit MCU. 1999[EB/OL]. http://datasheet.eeworld.com.cn/part/98593_TI_MSP430.html
[33] Texas Instruments. Semiconductors Inc. Data Sheet for CC2430 A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee 1999[EB/OL]. http://download.csdn.net/source/2197122
[34]张海涛,阎贵平. MEMS加速度传感器的原理及分析[J].电子工艺技术, 2003,11,24(6):260-262.
[35] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Data Sheet for MMA7260QT.±1.5g - 6g Three Axis Low-gMicromachined Accelerometer,2005[[EB/OL]]. http://www.114ic.com/MMA7260
[36] Artschip,Inc. Data Sheet for LTC3440, Micropower Synchronous Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter[EB/OL]. http://datasheet.ednchina.com/0/HYVVIHFTFYGA/Detail.aspx
[37] Texas Instruments. Semiconductors Inc. Data Sheet for TPS76030, Low power 50-mA low-DroportLinear.Regulators[EB/OL].http://datasheet.ednchina.com/2/SVIEFYSESEVT/Detail.aspx.
[38] Analog Device Inc. Data Sheet for ADM660, CMOS Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converters[EB/OL]. http://datasheet.eeworld.com.cn/part/68521_AD_ADM660.html
[39] Peter Russer. Electromagnetics,microwave circuit and antenna design for communication engineering[M]. British Library Cataloguing,2003.286-290.
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