臂式可穿戴计算机Bootloader的设计与实现
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摘要
在现代企业物流运作中,仓储运作效率是整个物流管理过程的核心环节。因此,应用新的信息技术产品提高仓储管理各个环节的工作效率成为提高企业运营效率、降低成本、提升客户满意度、增强企业竞争力的有效途径。电子科技大学移动计算中心自主研发的臂式可穿戴计算机,它是一种超微型、可穿戴、人机紧密结合的、用户可以解放双手持续工作的移动计算系统,它采用自动识别技术、无线网络技术、结合计算功能可提高仓储管理员的工作效率。
Bootloader是臂式可穿戴计算机系统复位后执行的启动加载程序,它既要完成一般嵌入式系统的启动、加载、系统升级、文件下载等常规功能,又要满足臂式可穿戴计算机低功耗、快速启动等特殊需求,它在系统实现中肩负着至关重要的作用,因此对它的研究、设计与实现对整个臂式可穿戴计算机系统有着重要的现实意义。
本文对Bootloader的研究现状进行分析,提出了臂式可穿戴计算机Bootloader的开发方法;在研究臂式可穿戴计算机的需求的基础上,论证了处理器和操作系统的选型方案;设计了基于Nor Flash启动的开发方案;随后完成了Bootloader启动加载模块、调试交互模块、下载升级模块的设计与实现。在启动加载模块中,设计了系统启动加载程序,实现了底层硬件的初始化和Linux操作系统的加载;在调试交互模块中,设计了LED调试程序和串口设备驱动程序;在下载升级模块中,根据网卡工作原理和Nor Flash操作原理,完成了网卡设备驱动程序和Nor Flash设备驱动程序的设计。
本课题所研究的Bootloader与移植开源的Bootloader相比,具有启动加载时间短、目标代码量小的优点。可移植到选用ARM-Linux平台的可穿戴计算机或其它嵌入式设备中。
In modern logistic area, warehouse operation is the crucial link of logistic management process. Therefore, using new IT products to improve the efficiency of warehouse management is becoming an effective avenue to cut down on the cost, increase satisfactory degree of custom and enhance enterprise's competition strength. For this purpose, the Mobile Computer Centre of UESTC have developed Arm Type Wearable Computer (ATWC) independently, which release the user's hand from long time holding by being worn on arm during warehouse management course. With multi-channel sensor and wireless network technical and integrate with calculation function, ATWC can help users enhance work efficiency and better understand the outside environment.
Since Bootloader, which executed after startup, is the first program of ATWC system, research and development of it is indispensability for implementation of ATWC. In this project, the design of Bootloader is meet not only the common functional requirement of embedded system, but also some special requirement for ATWC such as low-power.
This dissertation performed the proposition and implementation of Bootloader for ATWC. Author's major research work in this area is summarized as follow:
1. After analyzing the functional demands of ATWC and study the principles and framework of Bootloader, we select PXA270 embedded processor and embedded Linux operation system as development platform.
2. Compared Nor-flash and SD card scheme, considered from the speed of start-up and feasibility of ATWC, we finally take Nor-flash scheme as the load strategy. Propose the Nor-flash drive based on the traits of ATWC, the drive implement the command of erasing, writing and reading as well. Above this, keep the kernel of Linux and file system into Nor-flash.
3. Propose and implement three modules: start-up and loading module, adjust and interaction module, download and update module.
Compared with open source Bootloader, our Bootloader have some advantage. for example quicktime boot-loader and mini target code.The Bootloader of this thesis also could transplant to other wearable computers or embedded devices which base on ARM-Linux platform.
Bootloader是臂式可穿戴计算机系统复位后执行的启动加载程序,它既要完成一般嵌入式系统的启动、加载、系统升级、文件下载等常规功能,又要满足臂式可穿戴计算机低功耗、快速启动等特殊需求,它在系统实现中肩负着至关重要的作用,因此对它的研究、设计与实现对整个臂式可穿戴计算机系统有着重要的现实意义。
本文对Bootloader的研究现状进行分析,提出了臂式可穿戴计算机Bootloader的开发方法;在研究臂式可穿戴计算机的需求的基础上,论证了处理器和操作系统的选型方案;设计了基于Nor Flash启动的开发方案;随后完成了Bootloader启动加载模块、调试交互模块、下载升级模块的设计与实现。在启动加载模块中,设计了系统启动加载程序,实现了底层硬件的初始化和Linux操作系统的加载;在调试交互模块中,设计了LED调试程序和串口设备驱动程序;在下载升级模块中,根据网卡工作原理和Nor Flash操作原理,完成了网卡设备驱动程序和Nor Flash设备驱动程序的设计。
本课题所研究的Bootloader与移植开源的Bootloader相比,具有启动加载时间短、目标代码量小的优点。可移植到选用ARM-Linux平台的可穿戴计算机或其它嵌入式设备中。
In modern logistic area, warehouse operation is the crucial link of logistic management process. Therefore, using new IT products to improve the efficiency of warehouse management is becoming an effective avenue to cut down on the cost, increase satisfactory degree of custom and enhance enterprise's competition strength. For this purpose, the Mobile Computer Centre of UESTC have developed Arm Type Wearable Computer (ATWC) independently, which release the user's hand from long time holding by being worn on arm during warehouse management course. With multi-channel sensor and wireless network technical and integrate with calculation function, ATWC can help users enhance work efficiency and better understand the outside environment.
Since Bootloader, which executed after startup, is the first program of ATWC system, research and development of it is indispensability for implementation of ATWC. In this project, the design of Bootloader is meet not only the common functional requirement of embedded system, but also some special requirement for ATWC such as low-power.
This dissertation performed the proposition and implementation of Bootloader for ATWC. Author's major research work in this area is summarized as follow:
1. After analyzing the functional demands of ATWC and study the principles and framework of Bootloader, we select PXA270 embedded processor and embedded Linux operation system as development platform.
2. Compared Nor-flash and SD card scheme, considered from the speed of start-up and feasibility of ATWC, we finally take Nor-flash scheme as the load strategy. Propose the Nor-flash drive based on the traits of ATWC, the drive implement the command of erasing, writing and reading as well. Above this, keep the kernel of Linux and file system into Nor-flash.
3. Propose and implement three modules: start-up and loading module, adjust and interaction module, download and update module.
Compared with open source Bootloader, our Bootloader have some advantage. for example quicktime boot-loader and mini target code.The Bootloader of this thesis also could transplant to other wearable computers or embedded devices which base on ARM-Linux platform.
引文
[1]陈东义.可穿戴机的发展与趋势(Ⅰ).重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(3):119-124
[2]STEVE MANN.Humanistic Computing:WearComp as a New Framework and Application for Intelligent Signal.Proceedings of The IEEE,1998,86(11):2123-2151
[3]BASS L.Conveners report of CHI'97 Workshop on Wearable Computers[EB/OL].http://www.bham.ac.uk/ManMechEng/IEG/wl,html
[4]隆生.可穿戴计算机.现代通信,2002,q(5):26-27
[5]http://www.eurotech.fi/products/zypad.html
[6]http://www.symbol.com/category.php?category=5223
[7]Introduce the HX2 from LXE.http://www.hx2.1xe.com
[8]Korn.解决方案:清华同方RFID仓储管理系统.赛迪网
[9]条码软件管理系统.http://www.lenx.cn/caseck3.htm
[10]唐友生,曹庆华,傅翠娇.条码仓库的系统设计范例.北京航空航天大学
[11]张友生.系统分析与设计.电子工业出版社,2006,110-111
[12]AMD Alchemy~(TM)Au1200~(TM)Processor System Architecture.pdf
[13]Intel PXA27X Processor Family Develop Manual.pdf
[14]深度分析OMAP850与PXA272对比.http://it.xicn.net/article/content-568411-2.html
[15]宋延昭.嵌入式操作系统介绍及选型原则.工业控制计算机,2005,18(7):41-43
[16]朱显新,黄涛.uC/OS和uClinux的比较.单片机与嵌入式系统,2004,(10):5-7
[17]宁勇.嵌入式操作系统综述.邵阳学院学报(自然科学版),2004,(1):45-47
[18]金敏,周翔,金梁.嵌入式系统组成原理与设计编程.人民邮电出版社2006,91-93
[19]王铁勇,候善明,吴盘龙.嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ的特点及应用.控制工程,2003,(10):5-7
[20]Daniel P.Bovet,Marco Ccsati.Understanding the Linux Kernel[M].NcwYork:O'Rcilly Press,2000,6-24
[21]陈章龙,唐志强,涂时亮.嵌入式技术与系统-Intel XSeale结构与开发.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,399-400
[22]Michael Barr,于志宏译.C/C++嵌入式编程.中国电力出版社,2001,35-56
[23]Cogent CSB 226 Hardware Reference Manual.Cogent Computer System,Inc.2002
[24]陈红展,吴非,封仲淹,李锡武.基于Intel PXA272的Bootloader的设计与实现.微计算机信息,2006,22(10):157-159
[25]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.清华大学出版社,2003,11-12
[26]http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/38994/showart_352157.html
[27]詹荣开.嵌入式Bootloader内幕.http://linux.ccidnet.com/art/302/20031230/78461_1.html
[28]赵永,何鸿鲲.ARM微处理器分析与串口通信.河北冶金,2005,(5):80-82
[29]张稳稳,欧阳娴,白永林,任克惠,刘白玉.PC104串口通信在工程中的应用.微计算机信息,2006,22(1-2):58-59
[30]黄振华.PXA270UART程序调试手记(一).http://aquarius.cublog.cn/
[31]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP详解卷1:协议.范建华,胥光辉,张淘等.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,1-5
[32]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP详解卷1:协议.范建华,胥光辉,张淘等.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.159-162
[33]LAN91C111 DateSheet.pdf
[34]Aire Tal.NAND和NOR FLASH技术在使用闪存时需要慎重选择
[35]E28F128J3A_150.pdf
[36]Leburton J.Flash memory:towards single-Electronics.IEEE Potentials,2002,(4):35-42
[2]STEVE MANN.Humanistic Computing:WearComp as a New Framework and Application for Intelligent Signal.Proceedings of The IEEE,1998,86(11):2123-2151
[3]BASS L.Conveners report of CHI'97 Workshop on Wearable Computers[EB/OL].http://www.bham.ac.uk/ManMechEng/IEG/wl,html
[4]隆生.可穿戴计算机.现代通信,2002,q(5):26-27
[5]http://www.eurotech.fi/products/zypad.html
[6]http://www.symbol.com/category.php?category=5223
[7]Introduce the HX2 from LXE.http://www.hx2.1xe.com
[8]Korn.解决方案:清华同方RFID仓储管理系统.赛迪网
[9]条码软件管理系统.http://www.lenx.cn/caseck3.htm
[10]唐友生,曹庆华,傅翠娇.条码仓库的系统设计范例.北京航空航天大学
[11]张友生.系统分析与设计.电子工业出版社,2006,110-111
[12]AMD Alchemy~(TM)Au1200~(TM)Processor System Architecture.pdf
[13]Intel PXA27X Processor Family Develop Manual.pdf
[14]深度分析OMAP850与PXA272对比.http://it.xicn.net/article/content-568411-2.html
[15]宋延昭.嵌入式操作系统介绍及选型原则.工业控制计算机,2005,18(7):41-43
[16]朱显新,黄涛.uC/OS和uClinux的比较.单片机与嵌入式系统,2004,(10):5-7
[17]宁勇.嵌入式操作系统综述.邵阳学院学报(自然科学版),2004,(1):45-47
[18]金敏,周翔,金梁.嵌入式系统组成原理与设计编程.人民邮电出版社2006,91-93
[19]王铁勇,候善明,吴盘龙.嵌入式操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ的特点及应用.控制工程,2003,(10):5-7
[20]Daniel P.Bovet,Marco Ccsati.Understanding the Linux Kernel[M].NcwYork:O'Rcilly Press,2000,6-24
[21]陈章龙,唐志强,涂时亮.嵌入式技术与系统-Intel XSeale结构与开发.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,399-400
[22]Michael Barr,于志宏译.C/C++嵌入式编程.中国电力出版社,2001,35-56
[23]Cogent CSB 226 Hardware Reference Manual.Cogent Computer System,Inc.2002
[24]陈红展,吴非,封仲淹,李锡武.基于Intel PXA272的Bootloader的设计与实现.微计算机信息,2006,22(10):157-159
[25]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.清华大学出版社,2003,11-12
[26]http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/38994/showart_352157.html
[27]詹荣开.嵌入式Bootloader内幕.http://linux.ccidnet.com/art/302/20031230/78461_1.html
[28]赵永,何鸿鲲.ARM微处理器分析与串口通信.河北冶金,2005,(5):80-82
[29]张稳稳,欧阳娴,白永林,任克惠,刘白玉.PC104串口通信在工程中的应用.微计算机信息,2006,22(1-2):58-59
[30]黄振华.PXA270UART程序调试手记(一).http://aquarius.cublog.cn/
[31]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP详解卷1:协议.范建华,胥光辉,张淘等.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,1-5
[32]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP详解卷1:协议.范建华,胥光辉,张淘等.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.159-162
[33]LAN91C111 DateSheet.pdf
[34]Aire Tal.NAND和NOR FLASH技术在使用闪存时需要慎重选择
[35]E28F128J3A_150.pdf
[36]Leburton J.Flash memory:towards single-Electronics.IEEE Potentials,2002,(4):35-42