基于PLC的车载锅炉温度自动控制系统设计与实现
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摘要
我国现有工业锅炉中,自动化程度较低,在愈来愈重视节能和环境保护的今天,实现自动化控制和管理,提高热效率,减小环境污染,保障安全运行已经势在必行,这已经成为目前工业锅炉自动控制方面重要的课题。
对于石油行业中广泛使用的热油清蜡车,其车载锅炉在控制方面,大多数仍是以人工控制,单一燃料为主,污染较为严重,燃料不能在最佳空燃比状态下燃烧,造成燃料消耗量大大增加。
本文对车载锅炉的控制进行研究,开发设计了车载锅炉自动化温度控制系统,充分利用油田廉价而丰富的伴生气资源,以燃烧理论、控制理论为基础,将可编程控制器PLC及多传感器技术应用于工程特种车辆--热油清蜡车之上。
通过油田油井的现场运行调试,采用工程整定法,不测对象特性进行PID调节参数整定,实现了多种燃烧模式下的自动化温度控制,使控制系统达到较高的控制品质,实现燃料的经济性燃烧,燃烧模式的自动选择以及燃油燃气混合燃烧的安全运行,验证了自动温度控制系统的可靠性和准确性。
Many existing industrial boiler of our country, have problem of lowautomatization , the thermal efficiency of these equipments are only about 40% .Along with the economic growth mode of business enterprise change to depend onprogress of technique, the request of automatization becomes more and moreurgent, change traditional manual、semiautomatic operational manners, carry outautomatic control and manage, improve thermal efficiency of boiler , guaranteesafe running of equipment becomes quite necessary.
At present situation economize energy and protect environment are beingpaid more and more attention, design of control for industrial boiler, accord withguarantee safe work, should make it work under optimal condition which minimumthe loss of combustion, pollution of environment , maximum thermal efficiency.Current it is already become the most important topic of automatic control ofindustrial boiler.
The hot-oil paraffin-cleaning vehicle that used in oil industry , adopte boileron vehicle to be used to hot clean the wax in pipeline. And mainly of its controlfunction, fulfillment by manual work 、and one fuel , the adjust of boilertemperature , only depend on experience of worker , in order to get demandedtemperature , worker are used to increase fuel by manual manipulation , butsynchronously the supply of air couldn't meet in reason , then dark smoke andpoisonous gas that come from incomplete burning of fuel should pollute airseriously , at the same time the increase of fuel wastage is large , economy of
combustion couldn't achieve.This article take reformation of the hot-oil paraffin-cleaning vehicle asbackground , study control of boiler on vehicle ,and design automatic temperaturecontrol system for it . The system can make full use of cheap ,more overabundant associated gas of oil field . The control system base on combustion theoryand control theory , betake programmable logic controller—PLC and multi-sensortechnique on special type mobile machinery shop—hot-oil paraffin-cleaningvehicle , it can realize automatic temperature control of multi-mode such as gas ,oil , mixed gas and oil , make combustion work at the optimal scale of air and fuel.The key study content is as follows:1. The system adopt sound control project on temperature control system ofboiler , including control of air supply , control of fuel supple and control ofignition process . Betake general PID control into boiler control , adopt PIDarithmetic-integral separate , solve problem of temperature overtake control inprocess of boiler combustion , make the system accord with precision of techniquerequest , engaged request in stability , precision of stabilization and dynamicprocess.2.The system make programmable logic controller—PLC as main control unit ,adopt multi-sensor ,such as temperature change and deliver sensor , gas presschange and deliver sensor, oil press change and deliver sensor , Zirconia measure ,blaze inspector , anemometry sensor etc., make multi-control processes form closedfeedback . The system can economical combustion , automatic choosecombustion mode , and combust mixed oil and gas in safety.3. The design of the system fully consider convenience and security ofmanipulation , provide economical technologic interface for worker . In term ofclosed loop feedback from sensor , inspect limit of gas and oil press, blaze,pre-blow time and ignition time ,set multi-electric mutual lock , to eliminate dangerof boiler's combustion , guarantee safety of the system .4. The system has being installed and debugged on the boiler on vehicle , aswell as work in locale of oil field . I adopt means of engineering regulation ,
regulate PID parameter without test on object , confirm PID parameter throughabundant locale experiments , to make the control system attain upper controlquality , economical combustion , validate reliability and veracity of the automatictemperature control system .After put the system into use , through practical manipulation , prove thetemperature control system that design for the project , can realize automaticcontrol in fuel supply ,air supply , ignition control and anti-blast , in conditions ofdissimilar enacted temperature , mediums' velocity of flow , we could make threemodes work smoothly including gas , oil , mixed gas and oil . These design haveimportant meanings in safe fulfill producing task , make fuel and air work inoptimal mixed scale , decrease fuel consume , reduce air pollution etc.The system can automatic run, enhance control precision, simultaneous lessenwork intensity, worker could make the system run in upper control quality withoutabundant experience, it can reduce cost of worker's train for business enterprise.In a word, the automatic temperature control system in the hot-oilparaffin-cleaning vehicle in the article, fully utilize associated gas from the mouthof well in oil field, and take this gas as mostly fuel for use of the system , it cangreatly reduce cost of wax-cleaning. The vehicle with the dual-fuel burning andheating system boiler is useful and valuable in the oil fields.
对于石油行业中广泛使用的热油清蜡车,其车载锅炉在控制方面,大多数仍是以人工控制,单一燃料为主,污染较为严重,燃料不能在最佳空燃比状态下燃烧,造成燃料消耗量大大增加。
本文对车载锅炉的控制进行研究,开发设计了车载锅炉自动化温度控制系统,充分利用油田廉价而丰富的伴生气资源,以燃烧理论、控制理论为基础,将可编程控制器PLC及多传感器技术应用于工程特种车辆--热油清蜡车之上。
通过油田油井的现场运行调试,采用工程整定法,不测对象特性进行PID调节参数整定,实现了多种燃烧模式下的自动化温度控制,使控制系统达到较高的控制品质,实现燃料的经济性燃烧,燃烧模式的自动选择以及燃油燃气混合燃烧的安全运行,验证了自动温度控制系统的可靠性和准确性。
Many existing industrial boiler of our country, have problem of lowautomatization , the thermal efficiency of these equipments are only about 40% .Along with the economic growth mode of business enterprise change to depend onprogress of technique, the request of automatization becomes more and moreurgent, change traditional manual、semiautomatic operational manners, carry outautomatic control and manage, improve thermal efficiency of boiler , guaranteesafe running of equipment becomes quite necessary.
At present situation economize energy and protect environment are beingpaid more and more attention, design of control for industrial boiler, accord withguarantee safe work, should make it work under optimal condition which minimumthe loss of combustion, pollution of environment , maximum thermal efficiency.Current it is already become the most important topic of automatic control ofindustrial boiler.
The hot-oil paraffin-cleaning vehicle that used in oil industry , adopte boileron vehicle to be used to hot clean the wax in pipeline. And mainly of its controlfunction, fulfillment by manual work 、and one fuel , the adjust of boilertemperature , only depend on experience of worker , in order to get demandedtemperature , worker are used to increase fuel by manual manipulation , butsynchronously the supply of air couldn't meet in reason , then dark smoke andpoisonous gas that come from incomplete burning of fuel should pollute airseriously , at the same time the increase of fuel wastage is large , economy of
combustion couldn't achieve.This article take reformation of the hot-oil paraffin-cleaning vehicle asbackground , study control of boiler on vehicle ,and design automatic temperaturecontrol system for it . The system can make full use of cheap ,more overabundant associated gas of oil field . The control system base on combustion theoryand control theory , betake programmable logic controller—PLC and multi-sensortechnique on special type mobile machinery shop—hot-oil paraffin-cleaningvehicle , it can realize automatic temperature control of multi-mode such as gas ,oil , mixed gas and oil , make combustion work at the optimal scale of air and fuel.The key study content is as follows:1. The system adopt sound control project on temperature control system ofboiler , including control of air supply , control of fuel supple and control ofignition process . Betake general PID control into boiler control , adopt PIDarithmetic-integral separate , solve problem of temperature overtake control inprocess of boiler combustion , make the system accord with precision of techniquerequest , engaged request in stability , precision of stabilization and dynamicprocess.2.The system make programmable logic controller—PLC as main control unit ,adopt multi-sensor ,such as temperature change and deliver sensor , gas presschange and deliver sensor, oil press change and deliver sensor , Zirconia measure ,blaze inspector , anemometry sensor etc., make multi-control processes form closedfeedback . The system can economical combustion , automatic choosecombustion mode , and combust mixed oil and gas in safety.3. The design of the system fully consider convenience and security ofmanipulation , provide economical technologic interface for worker . In term ofclosed loop feedback from sensor , inspect limit of gas and oil press, blaze,pre-blow time and ignition time ,set multi-electric mutual lock , to eliminate dangerof boiler's combustion , guarantee safety of the system .4. The system has being installed and debugged on the boiler on vehicle , aswell as work in locale of oil field . I adopt means of engineering regulation ,
regulate PID parameter without test on object , confirm PID parameter throughabundant locale experiments , to make the control system attain upper controlquality , economical combustion , validate reliability and veracity of the automatictemperature control system .After put the system into use , through practical manipulation , prove thetemperature control system that design for the project , can realize automaticcontrol in fuel supply ,air supply , ignition control and anti-blast , in conditions ofdissimilar enacted temperature , mediums' velocity of flow , we could make threemodes work smoothly including gas , oil , mixed gas and oil . These design haveimportant meanings in safe fulfill producing task , make fuel and air work inoptimal mixed scale , decrease fuel consume , reduce air pollution etc.The system can automatic run, enhance control precision, simultaneous lessenwork intensity, worker could make the system run in upper control quality withoutabundant experience, it can reduce cost of worker's train for business enterprise.In a word, the automatic temperature control system in the hot-oilparaffin-cleaning vehicle in the article, fully utilize associated gas from the mouthof well in oil field, and take this gas as mostly fuel for use of the system , it cangreatly reduce cost of wax-cleaning. The vehicle with the dual-fuel burning andheating system boiler is useful and valuable in the oil fields.
引文
[1] 张亮明,夏桂娟,工业锅炉自动控制[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1987 年 11 月第 1 版,2-6,62-101,153-158,160,225-256.
[2] 张子慧,热工测量与自动控制[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1996 年 11 月第 1 版,246-256.
[3] 李广福,张威,杨学全,张清义.,油田专用洗井清蜡车的结构特点[J]. 专用汽车,2003.2:39-40.
[4] 李广福,,张威,王玉宝,杜立国,耿靖一.,一种新型油田用清蜡车[J]. 专用汽车, 2002.4:35-36.
[5] 刘玉梅,苏建,魏传峰,千承辉,张宇. 热油清蜡车车载锅炉双燃料燃烧加热系统经济性分析[J]. 技术经济,2005 年第 4 期:38-40.
[6] Anon. DUAL FUEL BURNER OF COMPACT DESIGN[J]. Shipg World & shipbldr, v 162, n 3836, Aug, 1969, p 1180-1.
[7] Colson, Guy, De Ruyck, Jacques. FT-IR spectroscopy for the in-flame study of a 15 MW dual fuel gas/oil burner[J]. Applied Spectroscopy, v 53, n 10, Oct, 1999, p 1282-1291.
[8] 陈夕松,汪木兰,过程控制系统[M],科学出版社,2005 年 7 月.
[9] 刘子芳,杨忠祥,检定装置的温度控制[M],中国计量出版社,1988 年 6 月第 1 版.
[10] Palmer, Ted. DUAL-FUEL BURNERS[J]. Plant Engineering (Barringtion, Illinios), v 33, n 8, Apr 19, 1979, p 319-320.
[11] 全国大学生电子设计竞赛组委会[J],获奖作品选编。1999 年 1 月.
[12] 钟肇新,王灏,可编程控制器入门教程[M],华南大学出版社,1999 年 5 月.
[13] 蔡智兴,智能控制—基础与应用[M],国防工业出版社,1998 年 6 月.
[14] 王磊,王为民,模糊控制理论与应用[M],国防工业出版社,1996 年第 1 版.
[15] 戎月莉,计算机模糊控制原理及应用[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,1995 年 7 月第 2 版.
[16] 张希同,姜孝,毕文方,谢宗安,张铭瑞,专家智能控制研究[J],中国图书资分类号 TP273.22.
[17] 宫淑贞,王冬青,徐世许,可编程控制器原理及应用[M],人民邮电出版社,2002年 7 月第 1 版.
[18] 台方,可编程控制器应用教程[M],中国水利水电出版社,2001 年 12 月第 1 版.
[19] 杨献勇,热工过程自动控制[M],清华大学出版社,2000 年 10 月第 1 版.
[20] 李方运. 天然气燃烧及应用技术[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002 年 12 月:64-252.
[21] Lin, Zhi-Qiang, Su, Wan-Hua;Wang, Guo-Xiang. Study on characteristics of ignition and misfire in the diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine[J]. Ranshao Kexue Yu Jishu/Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, v 9, n 3, June, 2003, p 234-238.
[22] Galal, M.G. Abdel Aal, M.M.;El Kady, M.A. A comparative study between diesel and dual-fuel engines: Performance and emissions[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, v 174, n 11-12, November/December, 2002, p 241-256.
[23] 本书编写组主编. 常用化学手册[M]. 北京:地质出版社,1997 年 9 月:395-397.
[24] 袁国迅,郑满圈. 洗井清蜡车的结构特点[J]. 专用汽车,1997.2:24-25.
[25] 兰州通用机器厂实业总公司[M],热油清蜡车使用维护说明书.
[26] 吴韫章,自动控制理论基础[M],西安交通大学出版社,1999 年 2 月第 1 版.
[27] 赵钦新,惠世恩. 燃油燃气锅炉[M]. 西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000 年 5 月第 1版:48-50,60-140,324-352.
[28] 还傅文. 锅炉燃烧理论与应用[M]. 上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999 年 9 月.
[29] 陈家瑞,汽车构造[M],人民交通出版社,2002 年 10 月第 4 版.
[30] 蔡建军,供暖锅炉变频控制系统设计[J],2001 年,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004 年 5 月.
[31] 陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生,新型 PID 控制及应用[M],机械工业出版社,2001 年 5月第 1 版.
[32] 孙自强,生产过程自动化及仪表[M],华东理工大学出版社,1999 年 8 月第 1 版
[33] 欧姆龙(中国)技术支持.
[34] 赵福堂,汽车电器与电子设备[M],北京理工大学出版社,1997 年 12 月第 1 版.
[35] 张玉铎,王满稼,热工自动控制系统[M],水利水电出版社,1985 年 5 月,33.
[36] 周小林,过程控制系统及仪表[M],大连理工大学出版社,1999 年 2 月第 1 版,141-156.
[37] 魏传峰,热油清蜡车车载锅炉双燃料燃烧加热系统的研究[D],2005 年 5 月.
[38] 何丹娅,汽车电器与电子技术[M],人民交通出版社,1998 年 6 月第 1 版.
[39] 唐艺,新编汽车构造[M],机械工业出版社,1998 年 4 月第 1 版.
[40] 黄长艺,严普强,机械工程测试技术基础[M],机械工业出版社,2002 年 1 月第 2版.
[41] 孙肖子,张企民,模拟电子技术基础[M],西安电子科技大学出版社,2001 年 1 月第 1 版.
[42] 郁有文,常健,传感器原理及工程应用[M],西安电子科技大学出版社,2000 年 8月第 1 版.
[43] 王懋瑶,液压传动与控制教程[M],天津大学出版社,1987 年 2 月第 1 版.
[44] [美]W.G.安德鲁,H.B.威廉斯,实用自动控制设计指南[M],化工部化工设计公司自控组译,化学工业出版社,1985 年 11 月第 1 版.
[45] 赵永成,王丰,李明颖,机电传动控制[M],中国计量出版社,2003 年 9 月第 1 版.
[46] 邓星钟,机电传动控制[M],华中科技大学出版社,2001 年 3 月第 3 版.
[47] 王兆义,可编程控制器教程[M],机械工业出版社,2002 年 7 月第 1 版.
[48] 吕崇德,热工参数测量与处理[M],清华大学出版社,2001 年 9 月第 2 版.
[49] 熊新民,自动控制原理与系统[M],电子工业出版社,2003 年 7 月第 1 版.
[50] 谢克明,自动控制原理[M],电子工业出版社,2004 年 7 月第版,2-35.
[51] 张亮明,夏桂娟,工业锅炉热工检测与过程控制[M],天津大学出版社,1992 年 9月第 1 版.
[2] 张子慧,热工测量与自动控制[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1996 年 11 月第 1 版,246-256.
[3] 李广福,张威,杨学全,张清义.,油田专用洗井清蜡车的结构特点[J]. 专用汽车,2003.2:39-40.
[4] 李广福,,张威,王玉宝,杜立国,耿靖一.,一种新型油田用清蜡车[J]. 专用汽车, 2002.4:35-36.
[5] 刘玉梅,苏建,魏传峰,千承辉,张宇. 热油清蜡车车载锅炉双燃料燃烧加热系统经济性分析[J]. 技术经济,2005 年第 4 期:38-40.
[6] Anon. DUAL FUEL BURNER OF COMPACT DESIGN[J]. Shipg World & shipbldr, v 162, n 3836, Aug, 1969, p 1180-1.
[7] Colson, Guy, De Ruyck, Jacques. FT-IR spectroscopy for the in-flame study of a 15 MW dual fuel gas/oil burner[J]. Applied Spectroscopy, v 53, n 10, Oct, 1999, p 1282-1291.
[8] 陈夕松,汪木兰,过程控制系统[M],科学出版社,2005 年 7 月.
[9] 刘子芳,杨忠祥,检定装置的温度控制[M],中国计量出版社,1988 年 6 月第 1 版.
[10] Palmer, Ted. DUAL-FUEL BURNERS[J]. Plant Engineering (Barringtion, Illinios), v 33, n 8, Apr 19, 1979, p 319-320.
[11] 全国大学生电子设计竞赛组委会[J],获奖作品选编。1999 年 1 月.
[12] 钟肇新,王灏,可编程控制器入门教程[M],华南大学出版社,1999 年 5 月.
[13] 蔡智兴,智能控制—基础与应用[M],国防工业出版社,1998 年 6 月.
[14] 王磊,王为民,模糊控制理论与应用[M],国防工业出版社,1996 年第 1 版.
[15] 戎月莉,计算机模糊控制原理及应用[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,1995 年 7 月第 2 版.
[16] 张希同,姜孝,毕文方,谢宗安,张铭瑞,专家智能控制研究[J],中国图书资分类号 TP273.22.
[17] 宫淑贞,王冬青,徐世许,可编程控制器原理及应用[M],人民邮电出版社,2002年 7 月第 1 版.
[18] 台方,可编程控制器应用教程[M],中国水利水电出版社,2001 年 12 月第 1 版.
[19] 杨献勇,热工过程自动控制[M],清华大学出版社,2000 年 10 月第 1 版.
[20] 李方运. 天然气燃烧及应用技术[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002 年 12 月:64-252.
[21] Lin, Zhi-Qiang, Su, Wan-Hua;Wang, Guo-Xiang. Study on characteristics of ignition and misfire in the diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine[J]. Ranshao Kexue Yu Jishu/Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, v 9, n 3, June, 2003, p 234-238.
[22] Galal, M.G. Abdel Aal, M.M.;El Kady, M.A. A comparative study between diesel and dual-fuel engines: Performance and emissions[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, v 174, n 11-12, November/December, 2002, p 241-256.
[23] 本书编写组主编. 常用化学手册[M]. 北京:地质出版社,1997 年 9 月:395-397.
[24] 袁国迅,郑满圈. 洗井清蜡车的结构特点[J]. 专用汽车,1997.2:24-25.
[25] 兰州通用机器厂实业总公司[M],热油清蜡车使用维护说明书.
[26] 吴韫章,自动控制理论基础[M],西安交通大学出版社,1999 年 2 月第 1 版.
[27] 赵钦新,惠世恩. 燃油燃气锅炉[M]. 西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000 年 5 月第 1版:48-50,60-140,324-352.
[28] 还傅文. 锅炉燃烧理论与应用[M]. 上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999 年 9 月.
[29] 陈家瑞,汽车构造[M],人民交通出版社,2002 年 10 月第 4 版.
[30] 蔡建军,供暖锅炉变频控制系统设计[J],2001 年,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004 年 5 月.
[31] 陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生,新型 PID 控制及应用[M],机械工业出版社,2001 年 5月第 1 版.
[32] 孙自强,生产过程自动化及仪表[M],华东理工大学出版社,1999 年 8 月第 1 版
[33] 欧姆龙(中国)技术支持.
[34] 赵福堂,汽车电器与电子设备[M],北京理工大学出版社,1997 年 12 月第 1 版.
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