Java可视表达和可视运行的研究与实现
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摘要
虽然越来越多的程序设计语言和集成开发环境自称是“可视化”的，但是它们普遍存在以下不足：
第一，只是提供应用程序界面的可视组件，未提供对数据对象及其关系和行为的可视表达的直接支持，使得开发动态情景的应用程序非常困难和复杂。
第二，只是提供集成环境的可视化界面，在程序的调试运行时只能在断点查询数据对象的当前状态，未能提供数据对象及其关系和行为的动态视图，使得程序的调试仍旧不直观。
为此，我们工作室进行了相关研究，已经设计并初步实现了Pascal、C和Java的可视虚拟机。在此基础上，本文提出了一个实现Java可视表达和可视运行的解决方案。
本课题以Java为目标语言，提出了一种“脚本-虚拟机-可视化类库”的系统架构，实现了Java可视表达和可视运行。作者设计和实现了一种描述对象可视属性和行为的脚本语言。通过在Java源程序中嵌入对象的相应脚本，实现Java对象的可视表达，并由嵌入Java可视虚拟机中的脚本引擎，实现相应的动态情景的可视运行。课题解决的关键技术主要有：可视化脚本到字节代码的翻译规则和Java虚拟机执行字节码时的执行规则，支持脚本引擎的一个可视化类库，以及脚本-虚拟机-可视化类库之间的连接方法等。
本文的内容组织如下：第一章介绍本课题研究的项目背景和可视化技术在程序开发环境的应用背景，以及研究Java可视表达和可视运行的意义，并介绍了本课题的主要内容；第二章对Java程序特点进行了分析，概括了Java可视表达和可视运行中需要进行可视化表达的信息，提出了实现这些信息可视化的支撑技术；第三章对实现Java可视表达和可视运行的主要技术进行分析，提出了可行的解决方案；第四章介绍了整个系统的架构和目前实现情况；最后一章提出了本课题后续研究方向及应用前景。
Although more and more programming languages and IDEs pretend to be visualized program design or visualized IDEs, but they all have insufficiency as follow:
First, they only offer visualized components for the application program. And do not offer the direct support to the visual expression of object and object behavior .So, it makes very difficult and complex to develop a dynamic scene.
Second, they only offer a visualized interface of IDEs, and can only inquire the current state of data object at the breakpoint during debugging period. They don't offer a dynamic view of data object and their relationship and behavior. So, it makes debugging still abstract.
Therefore, our workroom have made some research on it, and have a elementary realization of Pascal, C & Java visualized virtual machine. This paper put forward a solution scheme to realize Java visual expression and visual running based on it.
This subject takes Java as target language, and put forward a system structure of "script-JVM-visualized class library" to realize Java visual expression and visual running. The author have designed and realized a script language to describe visual attribute and behavior of object. And through the execution of script engine embedded in Java virtual machine to realize the running of corresponding dynamic scene. The key technology solved in this subject include: the regulation used to realize the translation from visualized script to bytecode and the executing regulation during the bytecode running on JVM, a visualized class library to support script engine and the connection scheme of script-JVM-visualized class library
The structure and organization of this paper is as follows: Chapter one introduces the background of before project and the application background of visualized technology used in software development environment. And research the meaning of Java visual expression and visual running. Sum up the information
should be expressed of Java visual expression and visual running Chapter two analyses the characteristic of Java program, points out the information should be visualized in Java visual expression and visual running and the support technology to realize the visualization of these information. Chapter three analyses the main technology to realize Java visual expression and visual running and put forward a feasible solution. Chapter four introduced the whole structure of the system and the state of current project. The final Chapter put forward the direction of follow study of this subject and the use prospect of this subject.
第一，只是提供应用程序界面的可视组件，未提供对数据对象及其关系和行为的可视表达的直接支持，使得开发动态情景的应用程序非常困难和复杂。
第二，只是提供集成环境的可视化界面，在程序的调试运行时只能在断点查询数据对象的当前状态，未能提供数据对象及其关系和行为的动态视图，使得程序的调试仍旧不直观。
为此，我们工作室进行了相关研究，已经设计并初步实现了Pascal、C和Java的可视虚拟机。在此基础上，本文提出了一个实现Java可视表达和可视运行的解决方案。
本课题以Java为目标语言，提出了一种“脚本-虚拟机-可视化类库”的系统架构，实现了Java可视表达和可视运行。作者设计和实现了一种描述对象可视属性和行为的脚本语言。通过在Java源程序中嵌入对象的相应脚本，实现Java对象的可视表达，并由嵌入Java可视虚拟机中的脚本引擎，实现相应的动态情景的可视运行。课题解决的关键技术主要有：可视化脚本到字节代码的翻译规则和Java虚拟机执行字节码时的执行规则，支持脚本引擎的一个可视化类库，以及脚本-虚拟机-可视化类库之间的连接方法等。
本文的内容组织如下：第一章介绍本课题研究的项目背景和可视化技术在程序开发环境的应用背景，以及研究Java可视表达和可视运行的意义，并介绍了本课题的主要内容；第二章对Java程序特点进行了分析，概括了Java可视表达和可视运行中需要进行可视化表达的信息，提出了实现这些信息可视化的支撑技术；第三章对实现Java可视表达和可视运行的主要技术进行分析，提出了可行的解决方案；第四章介绍了整个系统的架构和目前实现情况；最后一章提出了本课题后续研究方向及应用前景。
Although more and more programming languages and IDEs pretend to be visualized program design or visualized IDEs, but they all have insufficiency as follow:
First, they only offer visualized components for the application program. And do not offer the direct support to the visual expression of object and object behavior .So, it makes very difficult and complex to develop a dynamic scene.
Second, they only offer a visualized interface of IDEs, and can only inquire the current state of data object at the breakpoint during debugging period. They don't offer a dynamic view of data object and their relationship and behavior. So, it makes debugging still abstract.
Therefore, our workroom have made some research on it, and have a elementary realization of Pascal, C & Java visualized virtual machine. This paper put forward a solution scheme to realize Java visual expression and visual running based on it.
This subject takes Java as target language, and put forward a system structure of "script-JVM-visualized class library" to realize Java visual expression and visual running. The author have designed and realized a script language to describe visual attribute and behavior of object. And through the execution of script engine embedded in Java virtual machine to realize the running of corresponding dynamic scene. The key technology solved in this subject include: the regulation used to realize the translation from visualized script to bytecode and the executing regulation during the bytecode running on JVM, a visualized class library to support script engine and the connection scheme of script-JVM-visualized class library
The structure and organization of this paper is as follows: Chapter one introduces the background of before project and the application background of visualized technology used in software development environment. And research the meaning of Java visual expression and visual running. Sum up the information
should be expressed of Java visual expression and visual running Chapter two analyses the characteristic of Java program, points out the information should be visualized in Java visual expression and visual running and the support technology to realize the visualization of these information. Chapter three analyses the main technology to realize Java visual expression and visual running and put forward a feasible solution. Chapter four introduced the whole structure of the system and the state of current project. The final Chapter put forward the direction of follow study of this subject and the use prospect of this subject.
引文
[1] Software visualization, http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/softviz/
[2] Leonardo IDE: C Compiler and Software Visualization System.http://www.dis.uniroma 1.it/～demetres/Leonardo/
[3] Software: Visualization.http://www.scicomp.uni-erlangen.de/SW/visualization.html
[4] Andteas Kerren, Generierung interaktiver Animationen fr den bersetzerbau, Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Grades enines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.Ing.) der Naturwissenschaftlich-Technischen Fakultt I der Universit?t des Saarlandes. Juli,2002.
[5] Robert R. Henry. Conference on Programming Language Design andImplementation. White Plains, New York, United States Pages: 223-233 Year of Publication: 1990 ISSN:0362-1340
[6] VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/～burnett/vpl.html#V
[7] Visual Languages. http://www.hypernews.org/～liberte/computing/visual.html
[8] 曾继平，谭泽富．J2ME开发及JBuilder工具的应用．重庆三峡学院学报．2003(1)
[9] 孟祥娟．可视化Java的最新开发环境-Visual Cafe.电脑与信息技术．1998(1)
[10] Java IDE漫谈．http：//www.trainlinux.com/p/2002-10-10/6070.html
[11] 探矽工作室．深入嵌入式Java虚拟机．中国铁道出版社，2003．5
[12] Bill Venners．深入Java虚拟机(原书第二版)．曹晓钢，蒋靖译．2003年第1版．机械工业出版社
[13] Bill Blunden．虚拟机的设计与实现．杨涛，杨晓云，王建桥等译．2003年第1版．机械工业出版社
[14] 严蔚敏．吴伟民．数据结构(C语言版)．清华大学出版社，1998
[15] 严蔚敏．吴伟民．数据结构习题集(C语言版)．清华大学出版社，1997
[16] 面向对象．http://e-presence.china-channel.com/java_03_01.asp
[17] 黄志澄．给数据以形象 给信息以智能—数据可视化技术及其应用展望．
http://www.visualsky.corn/visualtech/viz.htm
[18] 科学计算可视化专题综述，计算机世界，1993
[19] Larkin, J. H., & Simon, H. A. (1987). Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words. Cognitive Science, 11, 65-100.
[20] 信息可视化技术在财务决策支持中的应用．http://www.ithome-cn.net/technology/mis/mis127.htm
[21] 李小梅，黄朝晖等．科学计算可视化导论．国防科技出版社，1996
[22] 黄志澄．迎接可视化技术的春天．北京系统工程研究所．
[23] 武永康．Direct3D原理与API参考．清华大学出版社．
[24] 彭晓明．OpenGL深入编程与实例揭秘．人民邮电出版社，1999．6
[25] 乔林，OpenGL程序设计，清华大学出版社，2000．5
[26] 向世明．OpenGL编程与实例．电子工业出版社，1999
[27] Java3D实现三维显示．http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/java/1-java3d/
[28] 和平鸽工作室．OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇)．中国水利水电出版社．2003，1
[29] Windows 下 DLL 编程技术及应用．http://www.programfan.com/showarticle.asp?id=21
[30] Java趋势：脚本语言引领风骚．http://www. 169c.net/down/article/list.asp?articleid=1659
[31] 关于脚本语言．http://lynndon.51.net/archives/000036.html
[32] Bill Blunden．虚拟机的设计与实现．杨涛，杨晓云，王建桥等译．2003年第1版．机械工业出版社
[33] 3DS文件结构．http://www.chinagamedev.net/cgd/develop/develop.1.htm
[34] 石教英，蔡文立．科学计算可视化算法与系统．科学出版社，1996
[35] 曹咏春，吴伟民．编译环境可视化中数组动态可视化算法的实现．现代计算机，2003，12(177)：69～72．
[36] Richard Wiener.Java数据结构与面向对象编程基础．人民邮电出版社，2002．8
[37] Robertson,G.G.,Mackinlay,J.D.,and Card, S.K.Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierachical Information.Human factors in computing systems conference proceedings on Reaching through technology, 1991,Pagee 189-194.
[38] Robertson,G.G.,Card, S.K.,and Mackinlay,J.D.,Information Visualization Using 3D Interactive Animation.Communications of the ACM,36,4 (1993),pp.57-71.
[39] Visual Programming Languages: A Survey-Boshernitsan, Downes (1997)
[40] Ebrahami, A. VPCL: A Visual Language for Teaching and Learning Programming (A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words). JVLC, 3, 1992, 299-317
[41] Prograph Development http://www.ntt.ca/prograph.html
[42] Visual Language Research Bibliography. http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/～bumett/vpl.html
[43] Design of Programming Languages. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/～maratb/cs263/
[44] Fabrik. A Visual Programming Environment.http://users.ipa.net/～dwighth/smalltalk/Fabrik/Fabrik.html
[45] Programming Languages for the Java Virtual Machine.http://grunge.cs.tu-berlin.de/～tolk/vmlanguages.html
[46] TOWARDS A BETTER VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:CRITIQUING PROGRAPH'S CONTROL STRUCTURES.http://barada.canisius.edu/～meyer/CCSCNE/finalHTML/meyer.html
[47] Programming Languages.http://cset.sp.utoledo.edu/sample/engt1050/engt1050_languages.html
[48] Visual Programming. http://www.dcc.uchile.cl/～rbaeza/cursos/vp/todo.html
[49] 唐荣锡，汪嘉业，彭群生等．计算机图形学教程．科学出版社，1994
[50] 谢志鹏，陈锻生，用OpenGL开发三维交互式虚拟场景，计算机应用，2000，21(8)：38-40．
[51] 白云，金锋，林锐，石教英，基于OpenGL的交互式三维图形软件开发工具，计算机工程，2000，26(11)
[52] Richard Rouse，游戏设计—原理与实践，电子工业出版社，2003．10
[53] 荣钦科技，Visual C++游戏设计(第二版)，北京科海电子出版社，2003，6
[54] RoboCode. http://www.robochina.org/
[2] Leonardo IDE: C Compiler and Software Visualization System.http://www.dis.uniroma 1.it/～demetres/Leonardo/
[3] Software: Visualization.http://www.scicomp.uni-erlangen.de/SW/visualization.html
[4] Andteas Kerren, Generierung interaktiver Animationen fr den bersetzerbau, Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Grades enines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.Ing.) der Naturwissenschaftlich-Technischen Fakultt I der Universit?t des Saarlandes. Juli,2002.
[5] Robert R. Henry. Conference on Programming Language Design andImplementation. White Plains, New York, United States Pages: 223-233 Year of Publication: 1990 ISSN:0362-1340
[6] VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/～burnett/vpl.html#V
[7] Visual Languages. http://www.hypernews.org/～liberte/computing/visual.html
[8] 曾继平，谭泽富．J2ME开发及JBuilder工具的应用．重庆三峡学院学报．2003(1)
[9] 孟祥娟．可视化Java的最新开发环境-Visual Cafe.电脑与信息技术．1998(1)
[10] Java IDE漫谈．http：//www.trainlinux.com/p/2002-10-10/6070.html
[11] 探矽工作室．深入嵌入式Java虚拟机．中国铁道出版社，2003．5
[12] Bill Venners．深入Java虚拟机(原书第二版)．曹晓钢，蒋靖译．2003年第1版．机械工业出版社
[13] Bill Blunden．虚拟机的设计与实现．杨涛，杨晓云，王建桥等译．2003年第1版．机械工业出版社
[14] 严蔚敏．吴伟民．数据结构(C语言版)．清华大学出版社，1998
[15] 严蔚敏．吴伟民．数据结构习题集(C语言版)．清华大学出版社，1997
[16] 面向对象．http://e-presence.china-channel.com/java_03_01.asp
[17] 黄志澄．给数据以形象 给信息以智能—数据可视化技术及其应用展望．
http://www.visualsky.corn/visualtech/viz.htm
[18] 科学计算可视化专题综述，计算机世界，1993
[19] Larkin, J. H., & Simon, H. A. (1987). Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words. Cognitive Science, 11, 65-100.
[20] 信息可视化技术在财务决策支持中的应用．http://www.ithome-cn.net/technology/mis/mis127.htm
[21] 李小梅，黄朝晖等．科学计算可视化导论．国防科技出版社，1996
[22] 黄志澄．迎接可视化技术的春天．北京系统工程研究所．
[23] 武永康．Direct3D原理与API参考．清华大学出版社．
[24] 彭晓明．OpenGL深入编程与实例揭秘．人民邮电出版社，1999．6
[25] 乔林，OpenGL程序设计，清华大学出版社，2000．5
[26] 向世明．OpenGL编程与实例．电子工业出版社，1999
[27] Java3D实现三维显示．http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/java/1-java3d/
[28] 和平鸽工作室．OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇)．中国水利水电出版社．2003，1
[29] Windows 下 DLL 编程技术及应用．http://www.programfan.com/showarticle.asp?id=21
[30] Java趋势：脚本语言引领风骚．http://www. 169c.net/down/article/list.asp?articleid=1659
[31] 关于脚本语言．http://lynndon.51.net/archives/000036.html
[32] Bill Blunden．虚拟机的设计与实现．杨涛，杨晓云，王建桥等译．2003年第1版．机械工业出版社
[33] 3DS文件结构．http://www.chinagamedev.net/cgd/develop/develop.1.htm
[34] 石教英，蔡文立．科学计算可视化算法与系统．科学出版社，1996
[35] 曹咏春，吴伟民．编译环境可视化中数组动态可视化算法的实现．现代计算机，2003，12(177)：69～72．
[36] Richard Wiener.Java数据结构与面向对象编程基础．人民邮电出版社，2002．8
[37] Robertson,G.G.,Mackinlay,J.D.,and Card, S.K.Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierachical Information.Human factors in computing systems conference proceedings on Reaching through technology, 1991,Pagee 189-194.
[38] Robertson,G.G.,Card, S.K.,and Mackinlay,J.D.,Information Visualization Using 3D Interactive Animation.Communications of the ACM,36,4 (1993),pp.57-71.
[39] Visual Programming Languages: A Survey-Boshernitsan, Downes (1997)
[40] Ebrahami, A. VPCL: A Visual Language for Teaching and Learning Programming (A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words). JVLC, 3, 1992, 299-317
[41] Prograph Development http://www.ntt.ca/prograph.html
[42] Visual Language Research Bibliography. http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/～bumett/vpl.html
[43] Design of Programming Languages. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/～maratb/cs263/
[44] Fabrik. A Visual Programming Environment.http://users.ipa.net/～dwighth/smalltalk/Fabrik/Fabrik.html
[45] Programming Languages for the Java Virtual Machine.http://grunge.cs.tu-berlin.de/～tolk/vmlanguages.html
[46] TOWARDS A BETTER VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:CRITIQUING PROGRAPH'S CONTROL STRUCTURES.http://barada.canisius.edu/～meyer/CCSCNE/finalHTML/meyer.html
[47] Programming Languages.http://cset.sp.utoledo.edu/sample/engt1050/engt1050_languages.html
[48] Visual Programming. http://www.dcc.uchile.cl/～rbaeza/cursos/vp/todo.html
[49] 唐荣锡，汪嘉业，彭群生等．计算机图形学教程．科学出版社，1994
[50] 谢志鹏，陈锻生，用OpenGL开发三维交互式虚拟场景，计算机应用，2000，21(8)：38-40．
[51] 白云，金锋，林锐，石教英，基于OpenGL的交互式三维图形软件开发工具，计算机工程，2000，26(11)
[52] Richard Rouse，游戏设计—原理与实践，电子工业出版社，2003．10
[53] 荣钦科技，Visual C++游戏设计(第二版)，北京科海电子出版社，2003，6
[54] RoboCode. http://www.robochina.org/