光子晶体光纤及其功能型器件的研究
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摘要
本文研究了光子晶体光纤的传导特性,从理论和实验上对基于光子晶体光纤的有源、无源器件进行了设计和分析。首先阐述了光子晶体光纤的发展历程和研究现状以及平面波展开法和有限单元法等数值计算方法;接着对光子晶体光纤的传导机制、基本传导特性以及光子带隙光纤的表面模和高双折射光子晶体光纤的温度和力学特性进行了研究;实验和理论研究了光子晶体光纤光栅;对双芯光子带隙光纤耦合器、高折射率材料填充型光子带隙光纤可调衰减器、光子晶体光纤掺铒放大器、双包层光子晶体光纤掺镱激光器、光子晶体光纤拉曼放大器等基于光子晶体光纤的功能器件进行了设计。主要研究内容包括:
1、研究光子晶体光纤的传导特性。首先对三角形、蜂窝形栅格空气孔包层结构的光子能带进行了研究,在此基础上阐述了光子晶体光纤的传导机制,对折射率引导和光子带隙引导光子晶体光纤的波导色散、泄漏损耗和有效模场面积进行了研究。
2、对光子带隙光纤的表面模进行了理论研究。研究了光子带隙光纤传导的纤芯模式和表面模式的特点,对纤芯截面位置对这些模式的影响特点进行了分析。
3、对结构不对称导致高双折射光子晶体光纤和应力区导致高双折射光子晶体光纤的双折射特性进行了研究。比较了两种高双折射光子晶体光纤的相双折射和群双折射的特性,并首次在理论上分析了应力区导致高双折射光子晶体光纤的温度特性和侧向应力对结构不对称导致高双折射光子晶体光纤双折射效应的影响,获得的结果与已经报道的实验结果一致。
4、对光子晶体光纤光栅进行了理论和实验研究。建立了光子晶体光纤和普通光纤的熔接方法,在柚子形光子晶体光纤上写制了布拉格光栅,观察到多波长谐振现象,理论分析表明这是由于纤芯基模和包层模之间的谐振造成的。
5、设计了新型双芯空气传导光子带隙光纤耦合器,并首次在双芯光纤结构中发现无耦合现象。对具有两个相邻纤芯的空气传导光子带隙光纤的传导模式和耦合特性进行了理论分析,在所分析的结构中发现了无耦合点,在该点两个相邻纤芯之间不发生能量交换。对无耦合现象进行了解释,并根据这种光纤结构的耦合特性理论设计了波长解复用器和偏振分离器。
The propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are numerical investigated, moveover, the active and passive devices based on PCFs are designed and analyzed in this dissertation. Firstly, we summarize the study progress on PCFs. The full-vectorial plane-wave expansion method and finite element method are demonstrated. The guided mechanisms, principle guided properties of PCFs are studied. The surface modes in photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs) and the temperature and mechanical characteristics of high-birefringence PCFs (HiBi-PCFs) are also studied. Fiber grating written in PCFs are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The functional devices based on PCFs, including the dual-core PBGFs coupler, the tunable attenuator based on fill-induced PBGFs, Er3+-doped PCF amplifier, Yb3+-doped double-cladding PCF laser and PCF Raman amplifier, are designed and analyzed. The details are described as follows:
1 . The guided properties of PCFs are investigated. Firstly, we study the photonic band structure of the PCF cladding with triangular and honeycomb air holes lattices. Then the guided mechanisms of PCFs are demonstrated. The waveguide dispersion, leaky loss and effective modal area for both index-induce PCF and PBGF are presented.
2. The surface mode in PBGF are theoretically investigated. The characteristics of core modes and surface modes in PBGF are investigated and the effects of core boundary on these modes are presented.
3. The birefringence properties of form-induced and stress-induced HiBi-PCFs are studied. The temperature dependence of stress-induced HiBi-PCFs and the effect of lateral forces on form-induced HiBi-PCFs are also investigated. The numerical results are in agreement with the reported experimental results.
4. Fiber grating written in PCFs are theoretically and experimentally investigated. Splicing between single-mode fiber and PCF are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The fiber Bragg grating is written in grapefruit PCF. The multi-wavelength resonances are observed in the grating, and theoretical analysis shows that this phenomenon is caused by the resonances between core modes and cladding modes.
5. The dual-core air-guided PBGFs couplers are designed and decoupling phenomenon has been found. Coupling properties of the PBGFs with adjacent two air cores are evaluated. The decoupling point, where no power transfers between two cores,
1、研究光子晶体光纤的传导特性。首先对三角形、蜂窝形栅格空气孔包层结构的光子能带进行了研究,在此基础上阐述了光子晶体光纤的传导机制,对折射率引导和光子带隙引导光子晶体光纤的波导色散、泄漏损耗和有效模场面积进行了研究。
2、对光子带隙光纤的表面模进行了理论研究。研究了光子带隙光纤传导的纤芯模式和表面模式的特点,对纤芯截面位置对这些模式的影响特点进行了分析。
3、对结构不对称导致高双折射光子晶体光纤和应力区导致高双折射光子晶体光纤的双折射特性进行了研究。比较了两种高双折射光子晶体光纤的相双折射和群双折射的特性,并首次在理论上分析了应力区导致高双折射光子晶体光纤的温度特性和侧向应力对结构不对称导致高双折射光子晶体光纤双折射效应的影响,获得的结果与已经报道的实验结果一致。
4、对光子晶体光纤光栅进行了理论和实验研究。建立了光子晶体光纤和普通光纤的熔接方法,在柚子形光子晶体光纤上写制了布拉格光栅,观察到多波长谐振现象,理论分析表明这是由于纤芯基模和包层模之间的谐振造成的。
5、设计了新型双芯空气传导光子带隙光纤耦合器,并首次在双芯光纤结构中发现无耦合现象。对具有两个相邻纤芯的空气传导光子带隙光纤的传导模式和耦合特性进行了理论分析,在所分析的结构中发现了无耦合点,在该点两个相邻纤芯之间不发生能量交换。对无耦合现象进行了解释,并根据这种光纤结构的耦合特性理论设计了波长解复用器和偏振分离器。
The propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are numerical investigated, moveover, the active and passive devices based on PCFs are designed and analyzed in this dissertation. Firstly, we summarize the study progress on PCFs. The full-vectorial plane-wave expansion method and finite element method are demonstrated. The guided mechanisms, principle guided properties of PCFs are studied. The surface modes in photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs) and the temperature and mechanical characteristics of high-birefringence PCFs (HiBi-PCFs) are also studied. Fiber grating written in PCFs are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The functional devices based on PCFs, including the dual-core PBGFs coupler, the tunable attenuator based on fill-induced PBGFs, Er3+-doped PCF amplifier, Yb3+-doped double-cladding PCF laser and PCF Raman amplifier, are designed and analyzed. The details are described as follows:
1 . The guided properties of PCFs are investigated. Firstly, we study the photonic band structure of the PCF cladding with triangular and honeycomb air holes lattices. Then the guided mechanisms of PCFs are demonstrated. The waveguide dispersion, leaky loss and effective modal area for both index-induce PCF and PBGF are presented.
2. The surface mode in PBGF are theoretically investigated. The characteristics of core modes and surface modes in PBGF are investigated and the effects of core boundary on these modes are presented.
3. The birefringence properties of form-induced and stress-induced HiBi-PCFs are studied. The temperature dependence of stress-induced HiBi-PCFs and the effect of lateral forces on form-induced HiBi-PCFs are also investigated. The numerical results are in agreement with the reported experimental results.
4. Fiber grating written in PCFs are theoretically and experimentally investigated. Splicing between single-mode fiber and PCF are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The fiber Bragg grating is written in grapefruit PCF. The multi-wavelength resonances are observed in the grating, and theoretical analysis shows that this phenomenon is caused by the resonances between core modes and cladding modes.
5. The dual-core air-guided PBGFs couplers are designed and decoupling phenomenon has been found. Coupling properties of the PBGFs with adjacent two air cores are evaluated. The decoupling point, where no power transfers between two cores,
引文
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