低压电力线信道建模及其仿真系统的研究
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摘要
随着网络技术的高速发展，人们对宽带通信业务的需求越来越大。低压电力线通信因具有网络分布广、无需重新布线等优点，在信息家电、楼宇智能化以及Internet接入等应用中受到极大的关注。实现低压电力线通信需要对其通信信道有准确的了解，建立相应的实用信道模型。此外具体采用的通信技术也至关重要。建立相应的通信仿真系统作为辅助工具，无论对技术的理论研究还是开发调试都能起到事半功倍的作用，本文的后半部分围绕如何建立即插即用的构件化仿真模型进行研究。
本文首先从低压电力线特性出发，重点对1～30MHz低压电力线通信信道噪声进行了研究，利用三状态Markov模型对脉冲噪声模型进行了改进和验证。
然后，围绕建立通信仿真系统的主题，通过分析构件化开发在仿真系统复用性、精确性等方面的优势，从软件体系结构、开发方法和构件可配置性等角度进行探讨，寻求仿真系统的最小代价的快速构件化开发方法，并引入了软件总线作为系统架构的主要组成部分，使系统的架构开发与功能构件开发具有相对独立性。
最后，以开发PCSS系统为例，给出了构件化实现系统即插即用的开发方法和在COM技术规范下实现系统即插即用的开发过程及实施细节。
With the rapid development of networks and communication, there're more requirements for wideband communication. Because of the advantages of widely distributed network and none need of rewired, low-voltage power line communication is catching our attention greatly now, which uses the power line as a communication media to create a high speed data channel and supply services such as Home Appliance, Intelligent Building and high speed Internet access. However, the power line network differs considerably from the conventional telecommunication media in topology, physical- and transfers properties. Using this network as a high-speed data communication link, the system design has to consider channel specific demands. So the accurate knowledge of channel specific system demands and the practical models are needed. Moreover, the specify communication technology is critical coordinately. There are beneficial to the research and debug with building a communication simulation system as assistance tool. So we focus ou
r attention on how to build a Plug-and-Play simulator based on software component.
This thesis starts with the analysis of the low-voltage power line channel characteristics. Then the noises in the frequency range between 1~ 30MHz are sorted and their properties are given in detail. We also improve the asynchronous impulsive noise by using three-state Markov model, and give all process of establishing the model.
Focus on the topic of how to building the Powerline Communication Simulation System (PCSS), we analyze the advantages of reuse and accurate in simulation using component development, and we present the low-cost fast development method Based on the ananlsis of software architectures, formal component model and the reconfiguration of component. Moreover, we make the Software Bus as the main part of system achitecture, which bring the independent between system architecture development and functional component development.
Finally we use the CBD (Component-Based Development) method to realize the simulator's framework with the property of Plug and Play as an example. We also present the specify development process and some main modules' data structure under the specification of COM (Component Object Model).
本文首先从低压电力线特性出发，重点对1～30MHz低压电力线通信信道噪声进行了研究，利用三状态Markov模型对脉冲噪声模型进行了改进和验证。
然后，围绕建立通信仿真系统的主题，通过分析构件化开发在仿真系统复用性、精确性等方面的优势，从软件体系结构、开发方法和构件可配置性等角度进行探讨，寻求仿真系统的最小代价的快速构件化开发方法，并引入了软件总线作为系统架构的主要组成部分，使系统的架构开发与功能构件开发具有相对独立性。
最后，以开发PCSS系统为例，给出了构件化实现系统即插即用的开发方法和在COM技术规范下实现系统即插即用的开发过程及实施细节。
With the rapid development of networks and communication, there're more requirements for wideband communication. Because of the advantages of widely distributed network and none need of rewired, low-voltage power line communication is catching our attention greatly now, which uses the power line as a communication media to create a high speed data channel and supply services such as Home Appliance, Intelligent Building and high speed Internet access. However, the power line network differs considerably from the conventional telecommunication media in topology, physical- and transfers properties. Using this network as a high-speed data communication link, the system design has to consider channel specific demands. So the accurate knowledge of channel specific system demands and the practical models are needed. Moreover, the specify communication technology is critical coordinately. There are beneficial to the research and debug with building a communication simulation system as assistance tool. So we focus ou
r attention on how to build a Plug-and-Play simulator based on software component.
This thesis starts with the analysis of the low-voltage power line channel characteristics. Then the noises in the frequency range between 1~ 30MHz are sorted and their properties are given in detail. We also improve the asynchronous impulsive noise by using three-state Markov model, and give all process of establishing the model.
Focus on the topic of how to building the Powerline Communication Simulation System (PCSS), we analyze the advantages of reuse and accurate in simulation using component development, and we present the low-cost fast development method Based on the ananlsis of software architectures, formal component model and the reconfiguration of component. Moreover, we make the Software Bus as the main part of system achitecture, which bring the independent between system architecture development and functional component development.
Finally we use the CBD (Component-Based Development) method to realize the simulator's framework with the property of Plug and Play as an example. We also present the specify development process and some main modules' data structure under the specification of COM (Component Object Model).
引文
[1] 陆薇，孙家广 CAD 支撑系统构件-软总线模型[J] 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 2001 Vol．13 No．1 1-7
[2] 陈长德，刘海涛等 OFDM 调制技术在宽带高速电力线通信中的应用[J] 电力系统自动化 2001 No．9 55～59
[3] O'Neal J B jr. The Residential Power Circuit as a Communication Medium[J]. IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, 1986, CE-32(3)
[4] Brown Dr P A. High Frequency Conditioned Power Networks[C]. '95 UTC Annual Conf. Proc,UTC, Washington,DC, 1995
[5] 谢飞等 低压电力网载波通信信号衰减特性的研究[J] 电子技术应用1998年第1期：36～37
[6] Morgan L. Chan and Robert W. Donalson, Attenuation of Communication Signals on Residential and Commercial Intrabuilding Power—Distribution Circuits[J]. IEEE Trans. on Electromaganetic Compatibility, Volume EMC-28 (4), 1986
[7] Hooijen O.G A channel model for the residential power circuit use as a digital communications medium[J] IEEE Trans. on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Volume 40 41, Nov. 1998
[8] Stefan Ramseier, Michael Arzberger. Andreas Hauser. MV and LV Powerline Communications: New Proposed IEC Standard[C]. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution
[9] Vines R. M., Noise on Residential Power Distribution Circuits[J]. IEEE Trans. on Electromaganetic Compatibility, Volume EMC-26 No.4, 1984
[10] Tannka M. Transmission Characteristics of a Power Line Used for Data Communications at High Frequencies [J] IEEE Trans. on consumer Electronics, 1989, 35(1): 37～42
[11] Begain K. Ermel M. Modeling of A PLC Access Network http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden. de/～hrasnica/
[12] 汪晓岩，樊昊，易浩勇等 基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统的MATLAB模拟[J] 电力系统通信Vol．23 No．2 2002
[13] Smith A. A., Power Line Noise Survey. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility[J]. 1972, EMC-14(1) 31～32
[14] Tannka M. High Frequency Noise Power Spectrum, Impedance and Transmission Loss of Power Line in Japan on Intra-building Power Line Communication[J]. IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics, 1988, 34(2): 321～326
[15] Zimmermann M. Dostert K., An Analysis of the Broadband Noise Scenario in Powerline
Networks[J]. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications, Limerick, Ireland, April 5th-7th, 2000
[16] Prasad T. V., Srikanth S. etc. Wideband Characterization of Low Voltage outdoor Powerline Communication Channels in India[C]. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications, Sweden April, 2001
[17] Fritchman, Bruce D., A Binary Channel Characterization Using Partitioned Markov Chains[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 13, No. 2, April 1967:221-227
[18] 顾恺，张力军 移动无线电信道三状态 Markov 模型及其应用[J] 南京邮电学院学报 Vol．15 No．4 1995年12月
[19] 王端怡，胡正名 移动通信信道的研究及模拟[J] 移动通信1994年05期
[20] 赵云峰，汪晓岩，徐立中等 低压电力线噪声分析与建模[J] 电力系统通信 2003 Vol．24 No．1：31-34
[21] 汪晓岩，易浩勇，樊昊等 OFDM 技术及其在电力线通信的应用[J] 电力系统通信 2001 Vol．22 No．12 1-7
[22] 汪晓岩，孙荣久 配电网宽带数字通信设备研制[J] 电力系统通信 2003 Vol．24 No．1 17-21
[23] 黄荣辉等 电力线通讯技术研究述评[J] 计算机科学 Vol．27 No．4 2000
[24] 姚轶，邵军力 利用OFDM技术在低压电力线上实现高速数据传输[J] 电力系统自动化 2001 No．10 65-68
[25] Liu D., Flint E. etc. Wide Band AC Power Line Characterization[J] IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, Nov. 1999 1087-1097
[26] 黄荣辉，周明天，曾家智 电力线通讯技术研究述评 计算机科学 Vol．27 No．4 2000
[27] Zimmermann M, Dostert K. The Low Voltage Power Distribution Network as Last Mile Access Network-Signal Propagation and Noise Scenario in the HF-Range[J]. Int. J. Electron. Commun. (AEU), Vol.54, No. 1, Jan. 2000
[28] Nicholson J. R., Malak J. A., RF Impedance of Power Lines and Line Impedance Stabilization in Conducted Interference Measurements [J]. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1973, EMC-15:84～86
[29] R. Schmidt. Concepts for Developing Component-Based Systems.
[30] 耿钢勇，仲萃豪 采用软件构件技术开发领域应用软件[J] 计算机科学 24 (1)：58-62 1997
[31] 吴明辉，应晶，何止均 基于构件的框架式开发方法及其重用库系统[J] 计算机工程与应用 2000 9：93-94
[32] 郑亚玲，胡和平，蔡希尧 利用可重用构件构造软件[J] 计算机应用 20(2)2000：35-38
[33] 毛新军，齐治吕 基于领域O-O软件重用工具的研究与开发[J] 计算机科学。1997 24 (4)：91-96
[34] G. John Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering for Component-Based Software Systems.
[35] 杨芙清，梅宏，李克勤 软件复用与软件构件技术[J] 电子学报 Vol．27 No．2 1999 68-75
[36] 于卫，杨卫东，蔡希尧 软件体系结构的可视化描述[J] 计算机科学 1999，26 (10)：81-83
[37] Will Tracez. Confessions of a Used Program Sales man-Institutionalizing Software Reuse. Addison Wesley Publishing Co., New York, NY, April 1995
[38] Leymann & Roller. Workflow-based applications. IBM Systems Journal Vol 36, No 1, 1997
[39] 徐征 陈雪飞 刘晓铭等 一种构件化的动态软件系统模型[J] 小型微型计算机系统 1999 Vol 1．20 No．2
[40] 汪诗林，郑若忠，田兴彦等 积木式原型技术在开发信息系统中的应用[J] 计算机工程与科学 1996 Vol．18 No．2：86-91
[41] LUCKHAM D, VERA J, MEDAL S. Three Concepts of System Architecture[D]. Technical Report, CLS-TR-95-674, Stanford University, 1995
[42] 张世琨，张文娟，常欣等 基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装[J] 软件学报 2001 Vol．12 No．9：1351-1359
[43] A.R. Francisco and R.S. Antonio Component configurer: A Design Pattern for Component-Based Configuration
[44] W. Peter Frameworks for Active Compound Documents. Technical report, Brown University, 1997
[45] J.Kramer and J. Magee. Dynamic Configuration for Distributed Systems[J]. IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, April 1985, SE-11 (4): 424-436.
[46] C. Hofmeoister and J. Purtilo. A Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Distributed Systems[J]. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 560-571, 1991
[47] J. Purtilo. The Polylith Software Toolbus. Technical Report CSD 2469, University of Maryland 1990.
[48] MS Verrall. The Software bus—its objective: the mutual integration of distributed software engineering tools. Proceedings of 5th Conference on Software Engineering Environments[C]. Aberystwyth. March 1991
[49] Verrall M S. ESF:The Software Bus. IEE Colloquium on Architectures for Distributed Development Support Environments. UK:Sema Group Publications, 1991 4/1-4/3
[50] 柴旭东，李伯虎 高层体系结构HLA／RTI及其实现综述[J] 系统仿真学报 Vol．11 No．2 1999 92-96
[51] Klaus Schug, Jayasumana Anure, et al. CORBA Based HLA/ RTI Design Approach[A]. Proceedings of the 1997 Summer Computer Simulation Conference[C]. 1997: 585-590
[52] 潘爱民著 COM 原理与应用 清华大学出版社1999年11月 第一版
[53] 张晓东，柴跃廷，任守榘 一种形式化的构件模型框架[J] 清华大学学报 2000 Vol．40
No.3 64-67
[54] V. Pratt. Modeling Concurrency with Partial Orders[J]. Int J of Parallel Program. 1986.15(1): 33-71
[55] Wu Qiong, Chang Jichuan, Mci Hong. JBCDL: An Object-Oriented Component Description Language.
[56] 李冶文，杨正球等 网管环境下连接高可用性软件总线的研究与构造[J] 电子学报 Vol．29 No．10 2001
[57] Object Management Group. The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification(CORBA)[S], Version2.0, 1995
[58] Francois Bronsard,etc. Toward Software Plug-and-Play. ACM Software Engineer Notes, 1997.19-29
[59] Stefan Tai. A Connector Model for Object-Oriented Component Integration[C]. ICSE 98 Intl. Workshop on Component-Based Software Engineering, Kyoto, Japan, April 1998
[60] Dale Rogerson COM 技术内幕—微软构件对象模型 杨秀章，江英 译 清华大学出版社 1999年 第一版
[61] IEEE Std. 802.11a-1999
[2] 陈长德，刘海涛等 OFDM 调制技术在宽带高速电力线通信中的应用[J] 电力系统自动化 2001 No．9 55～59
[3] O'Neal J B jr. The Residential Power Circuit as a Communication Medium[J]. IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, 1986, CE-32(3)
[4] Brown Dr P A. High Frequency Conditioned Power Networks[C]. '95 UTC Annual Conf. Proc,UTC, Washington,DC, 1995
[5] 谢飞等 低压电力网载波通信信号衰减特性的研究[J] 电子技术应用1998年第1期：36～37
[6] Morgan L. Chan and Robert W. Donalson, Attenuation of Communication Signals on Residential and Commercial Intrabuilding Power—Distribution Circuits[J]. IEEE Trans. on Electromaganetic Compatibility, Volume EMC-28 (4), 1986
[7] Hooijen O.G A channel model for the residential power circuit use as a digital communications medium[J] IEEE Trans. on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Volume 40 41, Nov. 1998
[8] Stefan Ramseier, Michael Arzberger. Andreas Hauser. MV and LV Powerline Communications: New Proposed IEC Standard[C]. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution
[9] Vines R. M., Noise on Residential Power Distribution Circuits[J]. IEEE Trans. on Electromaganetic Compatibility, Volume EMC-26 No.4, 1984
[10] Tannka M. Transmission Characteristics of a Power Line Used for Data Communications at High Frequencies [J] IEEE Trans. on consumer Electronics, 1989, 35(1): 37～42
[11] Begain K. Ermel M. Modeling of A PLC Access Network http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden. de/～hrasnica/
[12] 汪晓岩，樊昊，易浩勇等 基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统的MATLAB模拟[J] 电力系统通信Vol．23 No．2 2002
[13] Smith A. A., Power Line Noise Survey. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility[J]. 1972, EMC-14(1) 31～32
[14] Tannka M. High Frequency Noise Power Spectrum, Impedance and Transmission Loss of Power Line in Japan on Intra-building Power Line Communication[J]. IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics, 1988, 34(2): 321～326
[15] Zimmermann M. Dostert K., An Analysis of the Broadband Noise Scenario in Powerline
Networks[J]. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications, Limerick, Ireland, April 5th-7th, 2000
[16] Prasad T. V., Srikanth S. etc. Wideband Characterization of Low Voltage outdoor Powerline Communication Channels in India[C]. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications, Sweden April, 2001
[17] Fritchman, Bruce D., A Binary Channel Characterization Using Partitioned Markov Chains[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 13, No. 2, April 1967:221-227
[18] 顾恺，张力军 移动无线电信道三状态 Markov 模型及其应用[J] 南京邮电学院学报 Vol．15 No．4 1995年12月
[19] 王端怡，胡正名 移动通信信道的研究及模拟[J] 移动通信1994年05期
[20] 赵云峰，汪晓岩，徐立中等 低压电力线噪声分析与建模[J] 电力系统通信 2003 Vol．24 No．1：31-34
[21] 汪晓岩，易浩勇，樊昊等 OFDM 技术及其在电力线通信的应用[J] 电力系统通信 2001 Vol．22 No．12 1-7
[22] 汪晓岩，孙荣久 配电网宽带数字通信设备研制[J] 电力系统通信 2003 Vol．24 No．1 17-21
[23] 黄荣辉等 电力线通讯技术研究述评[J] 计算机科学 Vol．27 No．4 2000
[24] 姚轶，邵军力 利用OFDM技术在低压电力线上实现高速数据传输[J] 电力系统自动化 2001 No．10 65-68
[25] Liu D., Flint E. etc. Wide Band AC Power Line Characterization[J] IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, Nov. 1999 1087-1097
[26] 黄荣辉，周明天，曾家智 电力线通讯技术研究述评 计算机科学 Vol．27 No．4 2000
[27] Zimmermann M, Dostert K. The Low Voltage Power Distribution Network as Last Mile Access Network-Signal Propagation and Noise Scenario in the HF-Range[J]. Int. J. Electron. Commun. (AEU), Vol.54, No. 1, Jan. 2000
[28] Nicholson J. R., Malak J. A., RF Impedance of Power Lines and Line Impedance Stabilization in Conducted Interference Measurements [J]. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1973, EMC-15:84～86
[29] R. Schmidt. Concepts for Developing Component-Based Systems.
[30] 耿钢勇，仲萃豪 采用软件构件技术开发领域应用软件[J] 计算机科学 24 (1)：58-62 1997
[31] 吴明辉，应晶，何止均 基于构件的框架式开发方法及其重用库系统[J] 计算机工程与应用 2000 9：93-94
[32] 郑亚玲，胡和平，蔡希尧 利用可重用构件构造软件[J] 计算机应用 20(2)2000：35-38
[33] 毛新军，齐治吕 基于领域O-O软件重用工具的研究与开发[J] 计算机科学。1997 24 (4)：91-96
[34] G. John Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering for Component-Based Software Systems.
[35] 杨芙清，梅宏，李克勤 软件复用与软件构件技术[J] 电子学报 Vol．27 No．2 1999 68-75
[36] 于卫，杨卫东，蔡希尧 软件体系结构的可视化描述[J] 计算机科学 1999，26 (10)：81-83
[37] Will Tracez. Confessions of a Used Program Sales man-Institutionalizing Software Reuse. Addison Wesley Publishing Co., New York, NY, April 1995
[38] Leymann & Roller. Workflow-based applications. IBM Systems Journal Vol 36, No 1, 1997
[39] 徐征 陈雪飞 刘晓铭等 一种构件化的动态软件系统模型[J] 小型微型计算机系统 1999 Vol 1．20 No．2
[40] 汪诗林，郑若忠，田兴彦等 积木式原型技术在开发信息系统中的应用[J] 计算机工程与科学 1996 Vol．18 No．2：86-91
[41] LUCKHAM D, VERA J, MEDAL S. Three Concepts of System Architecture[D]. Technical Report, CLS-TR-95-674, Stanford University, 1995
[42] 张世琨，张文娟，常欣等 基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装[J] 软件学报 2001 Vol．12 No．9：1351-1359
[43] A.R. Francisco and R.S. Antonio Component configurer: A Design Pattern for Component-Based Configuration
[44] W. Peter Frameworks for Active Compound Documents. Technical report, Brown University, 1997
[45] J.Kramer and J. Magee. Dynamic Configuration for Distributed Systems[J]. IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, April 1985, SE-11 (4): 424-436.
[46] C. Hofmeoister and J. Purtilo. A Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Distributed Systems[J]. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 560-571, 1991
[47] J. Purtilo. The Polylith Software Toolbus. Technical Report CSD 2469, University of Maryland 1990.
[48] MS Verrall. The Software bus—its objective: the mutual integration of distributed software engineering tools. Proceedings of 5th Conference on Software Engineering Environments[C]. Aberystwyth. March 1991
[49] Verrall M S. ESF:The Software Bus. IEE Colloquium on Architectures for Distributed Development Support Environments. UK:Sema Group Publications, 1991 4/1-4/3
[50] 柴旭东，李伯虎 高层体系结构HLA／RTI及其实现综述[J] 系统仿真学报 Vol．11 No．2 1999 92-96
[51] Klaus Schug, Jayasumana Anure, et al. CORBA Based HLA/ RTI Design Approach[A]. Proceedings of the 1997 Summer Computer Simulation Conference[C]. 1997: 585-590
[52] 潘爱民著 COM 原理与应用 清华大学出版社1999年11月 第一版
[53] 张晓东，柴跃廷，任守榘 一种形式化的构件模型框架[J] 清华大学学报 2000 Vol．40
No.3 64-67
[54] V. Pratt. Modeling Concurrency with Partial Orders[J]. Int J of Parallel Program. 1986.15(1): 33-71
[55] Wu Qiong, Chang Jichuan, Mci Hong. JBCDL: An Object-Oriented Component Description Language.
[56] 李冶文，杨正球等 网管环境下连接高可用性软件总线的研究与构造[J] 电子学报 Vol．29 No．10 2001
[57] Object Management Group. The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification(CORBA)[S], Version2.0, 1995
[58] Francois Bronsard,etc. Toward Software Plug-and-Play. ACM Software Engineer Notes, 1997.19-29
[59] Stefan Tai. A Connector Model for Object-Oriented Component Integration[C]. ICSE 98 Intl. Workshop on Component-Based Software Engineering, Kyoto, Japan, April 1998
[60] Dale Rogerson COM 技术内幕—微软构件对象模型 杨秀章，江英 译 清华大学出版社 1999年 第一版
[61] IEEE Std. 802.11a-1999