沥青搅拌设备粉料称量控制的研究
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摘要
随着社会的发展,交通运输已成为影响经济增长速度的关键因素之一。交通量的日益增长,大型化、重型化车辆的出现,对公路等级的要求也越来越高。拥有高等级的公路,对整个经济的建设和发展速度都十分关键。沥青路面质量的高低、使用性能的好坏与原材料的性能、混合料的级配以及施工质量控制等因素都有着密切的联系,而影响生产配合比的因素除了搅拌设备的结构以外,最重要的就是系统的称量精度。因此,对沥青搅拌设备粉料称量系统的研究将是一个重要的课题,具有实际的工程意义。
本文在对现有沥青搅拌设备粉料称量系统的基本结构和工作原理研究的基础上,提出了粉料称量的“双速法”,即将粉料称量阶段分为快速和慢速两个称量阶段,这样既保证了称量的精度又保证了称量速度。由于称量系统是非线性时变系统,将系统等效为一个二阶系统,把问题转变为一个动态称量的问题。通过对影响称量的因素进行估计,得出了称量系统的具体控制模型。
本文针对一般沥青搅拌设备称量系统存在的问题,结合粉料称量系统的控制模型,提出了一种自适应算法来控制整个称量过程,即将称量过程分为两个阶段控制,并根据每次实际控制效果来辩识下一次的控制值,不断修正控制值以减小称量的误差。基于称量系统具有滞后、不稳定、有超调的特点,设计并应用Smith预估补偿器,较好的改善了系统的稳定性。同时,利用西门子S7-300的梯形图编程语言完成了相应的数据采集和处理模块的程序编制,并应用S7-PLCSIM仿真软件对程序进行调试,使其实现预定功能。同时,为提高系统的抗干扰能力,分别从硬件和软件的角度设计了相应的低通滤波器和软件滤波程序。
该沥青搅拌设备粉料称量系统具有高自动化、高效率、较好地改善称量精度等特点。采用西门子S7-300作为数据采集和处理的核心设备,实现粉料高精度的自动控制；采用先进的硬件和软件设计,使系统的可靠性有较大地提高,具有应用可靠,故障率低,具有巨大的经济效益等特点。
With the development of our society,transport becomes one of the key factor affecting economic growth's.The growing volume of traffic and the emergence of large、heavy vehicles call for higher and higher demands to highway.Owning the high level road is very important to develop and speed the economic development.However,the quality of asphalt pavement and the use of performance are closely related to performance of raw materials on asphlat mixture gradation,construction control and so on..But the control of production mixing ratio is also an important factor.In addition to the structure of mixing plant,the more important impact of asphalt mixture ratio of production is the control of weighing accuracy.Therefore,the study on powdery materials weighing system for asphalt mixing equipment is an important issue which has the actual meaning of the project.
This paper studied the basic structure and working principle of powdery materials weighing system for asphalt mixing equipment.It putted forward "two speed" way to powdery materials weighing system,which divided the weighing system to high-speed and low-speed process,This not only guarantee the weighing accuracy,but also the weighing speed.Because the weighing system as a transient non-linear system,it was equivalent to second-order system;then,we transformed the issue into a question of dynamic weighing.Through the estimated of factors affecting weighing,we obtained the specific control model of weighing system.
This paper studied the problem of asphalt mixing equipment and the control model of weighing system,then,it putted forward the adaptive algorithms to control the whole weighing process.It divided the control process to two piriod.according realistic controlling value to revise the next controlling value,it can reduce the error constantly.Because weighing system has the feature of lagging、instability and overshoot, we design and apply smith predictor which improved the stability of weighing system.Meanwhile,using SIEMENS S7-300 programming language LAD completed the relevant programming,including data acquisition and processing module program,using simulation software S7-PLCSIM to debug the program to perform its normal functiom.In order to enhance anti-interference capacity of weighing system,designing the low pass filter and filtering program from aspects of hardware and software.
The powdery materials weighing system of asphalt mixing is highly automated,high-efficiency,improving precision weighing characteristics.such as SIEMENS S7-300 controller used as a data acquisition and processing of the core equipment,to achieve automatic control of high-accuracy,advanced hardware and software used to improve the reliability of system,to achieve stability,low failure rate and bringing immeasurable economic benefits.
本文在对现有沥青搅拌设备粉料称量系统的基本结构和工作原理研究的基础上,提出了粉料称量的“双速法”,即将粉料称量阶段分为快速和慢速两个称量阶段,这样既保证了称量的精度又保证了称量速度。由于称量系统是非线性时变系统,将系统等效为一个二阶系统,把问题转变为一个动态称量的问题。通过对影响称量的因素进行估计,得出了称量系统的具体控制模型。
本文针对一般沥青搅拌设备称量系统存在的问题,结合粉料称量系统的控制模型,提出了一种自适应算法来控制整个称量过程,即将称量过程分为两个阶段控制,并根据每次实际控制效果来辩识下一次的控制值,不断修正控制值以减小称量的误差。基于称量系统具有滞后、不稳定、有超调的特点,设计并应用Smith预估补偿器,较好的改善了系统的稳定性。同时,利用西门子S7-300的梯形图编程语言完成了相应的数据采集和处理模块的程序编制,并应用S7-PLCSIM仿真软件对程序进行调试,使其实现预定功能。同时,为提高系统的抗干扰能力,分别从硬件和软件的角度设计了相应的低通滤波器和软件滤波程序。
该沥青搅拌设备粉料称量系统具有高自动化、高效率、较好地改善称量精度等特点。采用西门子S7-300作为数据采集和处理的核心设备,实现粉料高精度的自动控制；采用先进的硬件和软件设计,使系统的可靠性有较大地提高,具有应用可靠,故障率低,具有巨大的经济效益等特点。
With the development of our society,transport becomes one of the key factor affecting economic growth's.The growing volume of traffic and the emergence of large、heavy vehicles call for higher and higher demands to highway.Owning the high level road is very important to develop and speed the economic development.However,the quality of asphalt pavement and the use of performance are closely related to performance of raw materials on asphlat mixture gradation,construction control and so on..But the control of production mixing ratio is also an important factor.In addition to the structure of mixing plant,the more important impact of asphalt mixture ratio of production is the control of weighing accuracy.Therefore,the study on powdery materials weighing system for asphalt mixing equipment is an important issue which has the actual meaning of the project.
This paper studied the basic structure and working principle of powdery materials weighing system for asphalt mixing equipment.It putted forward "two speed" way to powdery materials weighing system,which divided the weighing system to high-speed and low-speed process,This not only guarantee the weighing accuracy,but also the weighing speed.Because the weighing system as a transient non-linear system,it was equivalent to second-order system;then,we transformed the issue into a question of dynamic weighing.Through the estimated of factors affecting weighing,we obtained the specific control model of weighing system.
This paper studied the problem of asphalt mixing equipment and the control model of weighing system,then,it putted forward the adaptive algorithms to control the whole weighing process.It divided the control process to two piriod.according realistic controlling value to revise the next controlling value,it can reduce the error constantly.Because weighing system has the feature of lagging、instability and overshoot, we design and apply smith predictor which improved the stability of weighing system.Meanwhile,using SIEMENS S7-300 programming language LAD completed the relevant programming,including data acquisition and processing module program,using simulation software S7-PLCSIM to debug the program to perform its normal functiom.In order to enhance anti-interference capacity of weighing system,designing the low pass filter and filtering program from aspects of hardware and software.
The powdery materials weighing system of asphalt mixing is highly automated,high-efficiency,improving precision weighing characteristics.such as SIEMENS S7-300 controller used as a data acquisition and processing of the core equipment,to achieve automatic control of high-accuracy,advanced hardware and software used to improve the reliability of system,to achieve stability,low failure rate and bringing immeasurable economic benefits.
引文
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[3]彭长顺,王宏义.浅谈我国强制间歇式沥青混合料搅拌设备的发展方向[J].建筑机械,2007,9(上半月刊)：10-13
[4]赵斌.歇式沥青混凝土搅拌设备称量系统精度的影响因素分析[J].内蒙古公路与运输,2003,1：46-47
[5]陈艾华,刘远民,邹文洁.Smith预测器在啤酒发酵系统中的应用[J].自动化技术与应用,2006,26(11)：36-37
[6]张长森,程俊华等.粉体技术及设备[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2007：294-300
[7]张东海.螺旋输送机的优化研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006
[8]徐余伟.旋输送机设计参数选择[J].砖瓦世界,2008,(7)：32-37
[9]李发海,王岩.电机与拖动基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003：319-328
[10]王成元,吕志武,阎德春.关于变极调速电机机械特性的讨论[J].防爆电机,2004,(2)：33-35
[11]李立强.绕组4／8极变极调速电机解析[J].科技信息(学术研究),2008,(23)：235-237
[12]尤文,林晓梅,邱东.三相交流调压调速电机控制系统[J].中小型电机,1997,24(5)：46-48
[13]李磊.沥青拌合站配比控制设计[D].山东：山东大学,2008
[14]徐科军.称重传感器自适应动态补偿方法[J].仪表技术与传感器,1997,6：6-8
[15]李宝安,李行善,罗先知.动态称重系统计量误差的动态校正[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,6：251—254
[16]杨新志,沙键,姚康.粉状物料称重系统的预测控制[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),1999,5(5),414-418
[17]冯伟.定量下料动态称重及控制系统的研究[D].山东：山东大学,2005
[18]秦洪浪.沥青搅拌设备骨料称量系统模糊控制应用的研究[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[19]杨雷,赵元黎等.微机控制物料称量提前量的研究[J].河南科学,2002,(4)：378-380
[20]杨硕,石为人,史鸿钊.基于动态修正和二阶预估的高精度配料系统[J].工业控制与应用,2008,27(9)：18-20
[21]虞启凯.动态定量称量系统的研究[D].天津：天津科技大学,2003
[22]朱敏杰.智能配料控制器的研究和开发[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[23]陈岚,沈春燕.高炉槽下称量自动补偿控制系统[J].电气传动,2002,(4)：25-27
[24]文祥惠.MARIN沥青拌合设备称重系统的误差分析[J].广东公路交通,2004,(86)：59-60
[25]贾飚.Smith预估器在纯滞后矿仓料位控制中的应用[J].自动化仪表,2004,25(5)：39-41
[26]王占林.近代电气液压伺服控制.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005：83-85
[27]朱晓东,王军,万红.基于Smith预估的纯滞后系统的控制[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2004,25(1)：77-81
[28]何同祥,李鹏,娄雪芳.Smith预估器与观测器结合的补偿控制在时滞系统中的应用[J].仪器仪表与分析检测,2009,(1)：7-10
[29]Smith.O.J.M.close control of Loops with Dead Time[J].Chem.Engng Prog,1997,53: 217-218.
[30]董春霞.一阶惯性环节的模糊PD自整定控制算法的设计[J].天津职业大学学报,2006,15(2)：45-48
[31]计算机控制技术.第4讲.中国地质大学http://netcourse.cug.edu.cn:7310/%BF%CE%B3%CC%B4%AE%BD%B2/2009%C4%E A%B4%BA%BF%CE%B3%CC%B8%A8%B5%BC/%BF%CE%B3%CC%B8%A8%B5 %BC%A3%A8%B1%BE%A3%A9/%BC%C6%CB%E3%BB%FA%BF%D8%D6%C6% BC%BC%CA%F5(%B1%BE)/%BC%C6%CB%E3%BB%FA
[32]史国生.电气控制与可编程控制器技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[33]景红云,许斌,甘付宾.基于S7-200 PLC的强制式沥青混泥土搅拌设备控制系统[J].自动化技术与应用,2009,28(3)：81-83
[34]陈忠华.可编程控制器与工业自动化系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
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