收获和贮存时间对玉米秸秆营养物质产量和营养价值的影响
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摘要
本研究通过2个试验对不同品种不同收获和贮存时间的玉米的生物学产量和秸秆的化学成分、有机物体外降解率(IVOMD)进行了综合评定。实验室分析了不同收获时间(生长期92—104天)6个普通品种玉米秸秆和2个整株处理的饲用玉米植株的化学组成，并对前者的不同时间(1-125天)的化学组成进行分析，用24小时连续培养的体外法测定实验样品的IVOMD。比较了不同收获时间的可消化有机物产量和各种营养物质产量。探讨收获时间对玉米生物学产量、可消化有机物产量以及营养品质的影响。贮存试验则探讨了贮存时间对玉米秸秆在反刍动物中利用率的影响。结果表明：
试验一，随着收获时间的延长，6个普通品种玉米籽粒产量、秸秆的营养物质产量和可消化有机物产量增加线性(P＜0.05)，但收获第100天后，无显著变化。整株处理的饲用玉米科多4号和辽原1号的可降解有机物产量、和营养物质产量也表现为相同的规律，但是有机物的增加以中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)为主。普通品种秸秆和饲用品种植株的粗蛋白(CP)、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)的含量和IVOMD随着收获时间的延长而线性下降(P＜0.05)，NDF、ADF、随着收获时间的延长而上升(P＜0.05)。这说明，在生长后期延长收获时间并不能获得更高的秸秆生物学产量(籽粒产量和可消化有机物产量)，但秸秆的营养品质下降。
试验二，贮存试验表明，随着贮存时间的延长，秸秆中WSC、IVOMD二次曲线下降(P＜0.05)，NDF、ADF含量二次曲线增加(P＜0.05)，且各个品种的营养组分的变化以贮存前期的变化为主；在贮存后期，秸秆的营养成分变化缓慢且在统计上无显著变化。
Nutritional evaluation of corn stalk harvested and stored at different time was conducted through two trials. In trial l,six kinds of cornmon corn stalks and two kinds of entire plants of forage corn were collected in Hebei province and its chemical cornponent at different harvest time (growing time from 92-104 days) were analyzed, including biomass, wet chemical value, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and digestible organic matter and the chemical cornponents of six cornmon corn stalks at different storage time from 1 to 125 days was analyzed in trial 2.The results show that:
In trial 1,grain yield, nutritional cornposition and the digestible organic matter of six kinds of cornmon corn (Nongda108, Gaoyou115, Zhongyuandan32, Gaoyou298, Jifeng58, Zhengdan958) and two kinds of forage corn (Keduo4 and Liaoyuanl) linearly increased with harvest time extending., but there were no significant difference when harvested after day 100 and day 104 (P<0.05). It means that extending harvest time cannot result in the yield of above items increasing. Its water solute carbohydrate (WSC) and IVOMD linearly decreased with harvest time extending (P,0.05). whereas neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased (P<0.05).
In trial 2.IVOMD and WSC in stalks decreased quadratically with storage time, but the changing trend of NDF and ADF is the reverse of WSC (P<0.05). The major changing occurred in the early storage time. It indicated that corn stalks at early stage have good nutrition, and should be used as soon as possible.
试验一，随着收获时间的延长，6个普通品种玉米籽粒产量、秸秆的营养物质产量和可消化有机物产量增加线性(P＜0.05)，但收获第100天后，无显著变化。整株处理的饲用玉米科多4号和辽原1号的可降解有机物产量、和营养物质产量也表现为相同的规律，但是有机物的增加以中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)为主。普通品种秸秆和饲用品种植株的粗蛋白(CP)、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)的含量和IVOMD随着收获时间的延长而线性下降(P＜0.05)，NDF、ADF、随着收获时间的延长而上升(P＜0.05)。这说明，在生长后期延长收获时间并不能获得更高的秸秆生物学产量(籽粒产量和可消化有机物产量)，但秸秆的营养品质下降。
试验二，贮存试验表明，随着贮存时间的延长，秸秆中WSC、IVOMD二次曲线下降(P＜0.05)，NDF、ADF含量二次曲线增加(P＜0.05)，且各个品种的营养组分的变化以贮存前期的变化为主；在贮存后期，秸秆的营养成分变化缓慢且在统计上无显著变化。
Nutritional evaluation of corn stalk harvested and stored at different time was conducted through two trials. In trial l,six kinds of cornmon corn stalks and two kinds of entire plants of forage corn were collected in Hebei province and its chemical cornponent at different harvest time (growing time from 92-104 days) were analyzed, including biomass, wet chemical value, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and digestible organic matter and the chemical cornponents of six cornmon corn stalks at different storage time from 1 to 125 days was analyzed in trial 2.The results show that:
In trial 1,grain yield, nutritional cornposition and the digestible organic matter of six kinds of cornmon corn (Nongda108, Gaoyou115, Zhongyuandan32, Gaoyou298, Jifeng58, Zhengdan958) and two kinds of forage corn (Keduo4 and Liaoyuanl) linearly increased with harvest time extending., but there were no significant difference when harvested after day 100 and day 104 (P<0.05). It means that extending harvest time cannot result in the yield of above items increasing. Its water solute carbohydrate (WSC) and IVOMD linearly decreased with harvest time extending (P,0.05). whereas neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased (P<0.05).
In trial 2.IVOMD and WSC in stalks decreased quadratically with storage time, but the changing trend of NDF and ADF is the reverse of WSC (P<0.05). The major changing occurred in the early storage time. It indicated that corn stalks at early stage have good nutrition, and should be used as soon as possible.
引文
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