决策问题管理系统及其开发组件研究
|
摘要
问题管理系统(PMS)是决策支持系统的重要子系统,更是问题驱动型决策支持系统的核心子系统,其中,决策问题的分析处理与求解等问题管理的方法以及问题管理系统的开发,一直就是该领域研究的重点和难点。尽管如此,在面向人机交互的决策问题管理方法方面仍然存在很多难题没有很好得到解决,包括决策问题的形式化描述,用自然语言表述的决策问题的识别与理解,决策问题的子问题分解,决策问题求解方法的智能匹配及运用,决策问题库的有效组织等等。本文针对这些问题,通过分析决策问题的普遍特征,在综合人与计算机对决策问题处理的各自优势基础上,探讨更具智能性的决策问题管理和分析的一般方法,并以此研制出问题管理系统开发组件,为问题驱动的决策支持系统的开发提供具有较强实用性的手段和工具。
本文的主要研究内容及研究成果包括:
(1)决策问题的特征分析与描述方法的研究。将决策问题看成一种复杂的系统,在分析决策问题系统的内部结构及特征的基础上,提出一种面向对象的问题向量空间模型,用以作为决策问题系统的描述方法。同时,运用问题向量空间模型研究探讨决策问题属性类型、属性结构和问题理解与求解过程中的属性取值状态的变化规律,以及问题属性识别与分析同问题求解及其过程中子问题分解的关系,得到从决策问题描述,到问题分析理解、子问题产生,以及问题求解方案形成的问题处理一般方法。
(2)决策问题智能处理方法的研究。在根据决策问题特征分析而得到问题处理的一般方法的基础上,将知识管理技术引入到这一处理方法中,研究基于知识管理的决策问题智能处理方法所涉及的三个核心问题:问题管理系统的问题库组织方式、问题的知识结构以及问题智能理解与求解过程和方法。并以此提出一种嵌入到知识库的问题库管理方法,研究了问题库嵌入到知识库的方式、相应的问题库及知识库的基本结构。同时,根据决策问题处理所涉及的各种知识的组成和数据结构,提出了问题的知识结构.另外,给出了根据问题的描述识别问题属性、根据问题属性识别问题类型和求解方法、以及根据问题属性的取值状态来识别子问题等基于知识管理的问题理解与求解的具体流程和机制。
(3)决策问题智能识别相关模型与方法的研究。在上述决策问题智能处理方法的基础上,建立问题属性识别、问题类型识别以及子问题识别的模型和算法。通过给出中文语句分词算法的选择依据,建立了基于分词算法、子句分割算法和句法分析算法的决策问题表层属性智能识别模型;建立了基于双关键词搜索规则和问题类型知识库匹配规则的决策问题隐含属性智能识别模型;建立了基于子问题产生规则和构建规则的子问题智能识别模型。
(4)决策问题管理系统开发组件研究。依据本文对决策问题特征的研究和所提出的问题智能处理方法与模型,设计出通用问题管理系统的功能结构。将该功能结构组件化,设计出问题管理系统开发组件(PMS-DC),详细探讨了PMS-DC中所需包含的对象、类和控件及其属性、方法和事件,并进一步研究了PMS-DC内部各种类与控件的相互关系,以及与互联网环境下通用决策支持系统生成器(i-GDSSG)中其他组件的关系,设计了PMS-DC的外部接口,给出了在专用DSS中的组件部署策略。
(5)组件的实际应用。运用本文设计和开发的PMS-DC及i-GDSSG的相关组件,实际开发了一个问题驱动型DSS,即中国固体矿产业持续技术创新支撑体系决策支持系统(CMTIDSS)。应用效果表明,采用PMS-DC及相关组件开发面向问题的专用DSS,不仅可提高开发效率,且能有效地管理和处理中文自然语言表述的决策问题。
Problem Management System (PMS) is the important subsystem of DSS and the core subsystem of problem-driven DSS. Problem management methods (e.g. analyzing problem and problem solving) and development of problem management system are the difficulty and emphasis in this research area. A lot of difficult problems about human-machine communication system faced decision problem management system remained unsolved including formal description of decision problem, identification and understanding of decision problem expressed in natural language, sub-problem decomposition of decision problem, intelligent matching and application of solving method for decision problem, effective organization of decision problem base and so on. With respect to these problems, this dissertation discusses the more intelligent general method of management and analysis for decision problem by analyzing the common characteristic and integrating each advantage of human and computer, and researches development component of PMS to provide more practical means and tools for the development of problem driven DSS.
The main research content and result of this dissertation include:
(1) Research on characteristic analysis and description method of decision problem. Decision problem is regarded as a complex system. On the basis of analyzing interior structure and characteristic of decision problem, an object-oriented problem vector space model is proposed to act as description method of decision problem system. At the same time, problem vector space model is applied to research the attribute type, attribute structure, the change law of attribute valuing state in the course of problem understanding and solving, and the relation of sub-problem decomposition among problem attribute identification, analysis and problem solving. Then general method of problem handing is drawn from description, analysis and understanding, sub-problem causing and problem soling scheme forming of decision problem.
(2) Research on intelligent method of decision problem management. On the basis of general method of problem solving acquired from characteristic analysis of decision problem, knowledge management technology is introduced to the solving method to research three core issues involved in knowledge management based intelligent handing approach of decision problem: problem base organization mode of PMS, problem knowledge structure, problem intelligent understanding, and problem intelligent solving process and approach. A problem base management approach embed in knowledge base is suggested to research the mode of problem base embed into knowledge base, basic structure of corresponding problem base and knowledge base. Meanwhile, problem knowledge structure is put forward according to varieties of knowledge composition and data structure involved in decision problem handing. In addition, concrete flow and mechanism of knowledge management based problem understanding and solving is presented according to problem description identification type and solving method, valuing state of problem attribute for identifying sub-problem.
(3) Research on relevant model and technology of decision problem intelligent identification. On the basis of above-mentioned intelligent handing method of decision problem, problem attribute identification, problem type identification, model and algorithm of sub-problem identification are built. By supplying choosing cause of Chinese sentence segmentation algorithm, intelligent identification model of decision problem surface layer attribute is built based on segmentation algorithm, clause division algorithm and syntax analysis algorithm. Intelligent identification model of decision problem concealed attribute is built based on double key words searching rule and problem type knowledge base matching rule. Intelligent identification model of sub-problem is also built based on sub-problem producing rule and constructing rule.
(4) Research on development component of decision problem management system. Function structure of general problem management system is designed according to the characteristic of decision problem, proposed problem intelligent handing method and model. The function structure is moduled to design out problem management system development component (PMS-DC). The object, class, control, its attribute, method and event contained in PMS-DC are discussed in detail. The relation among variety of classes and controls in PMS-DC is discussed. And the relation among other components in general DSS generator under internet environment (i-GDSSG) is also discussed. Exterior interface of PMS-DC is designed and component distributing strategy in special DSS is present.
(5) Practical application of component. The designed and developed PMS-DC and relevant component of i-GDSS in this dissertation is actually a problem driven DSS named CMTIDSS. Applying effect shows that developing the problem-oriented special DSS by introducing PMS-DC and relevant component not only improves developing efficiency, but also effectively manages and deals with decision problem expressed in Chinese natural language.
本文的主要研究内容及研究成果包括:
(1)决策问题的特征分析与描述方法的研究。将决策问题看成一种复杂的系统,在分析决策问题系统的内部结构及特征的基础上,提出一种面向对象的问题向量空间模型,用以作为决策问题系统的描述方法。同时,运用问题向量空间模型研究探讨决策问题属性类型、属性结构和问题理解与求解过程中的属性取值状态的变化规律,以及问题属性识别与分析同问题求解及其过程中子问题分解的关系,得到从决策问题描述,到问题分析理解、子问题产生,以及问题求解方案形成的问题处理一般方法。
(2)决策问题智能处理方法的研究。在根据决策问题特征分析而得到问题处理的一般方法的基础上,将知识管理技术引入到这一处理方法中,研究基于知识管理的决策问题智能处理方法所涉及的三个核心问题:问题管理系统的问题库组织方式、问题的知识结构以及问题智能理解与求解过程和方法。并以此提出一种嵌入到知识库的问题库管理方法,研究了问题库嵌入到知识库的方式、相应的问题库及知识库的基本结构。同时,根据决策问题处理所涉及的各种知识的组成和数据结构,提出了问题的知识结构.另外,给出了根据问题的描述识别问题属性、根据问题属性识别问题类型和求解方法、以及根据问题属性的取值状态来识别子问题等基于知识管理的问题理解与求解的具体流程和机制。
(3)决策问题智能识别相关模型与方法的研究。在上述决策问题智能处理方法的基础上,建立问题属性识别、问题类型识别以及子问题识别的模型和算法。通过给出中文语句分词算法的选择依据,建立了基于分词算法、子句分割算法和句法分析算法的决策问题表层属性智能识别模型;建立了基于双关键词搜索规则和问题类型知识库匹配规则的决策问题隐含属性智能识别模型;建立了基于子问题产生规则和构建规则的子问题智能识别模型。
(4)决策问题管理系统开发组件研究。依据本文对决策问题特征的研究和所提出的问题智能处理方法与模型,设计出通用问题管理系统的功能结构。将该功能结构组件化,设计出问题管理系统开发组件(PMS-DC),详细探讨了PMS-DC中所需包含的对象、类和控件及其属性、方法和事件,并进一步研究了PMS-DC内部各种类与控件的相互关系,以及与互联网环境下通用决策支持系统生成器(i-GDSSG)中其他组件的关系,设计了PMS-DC的外部接口,给出了在专用DSS中的组件部署策略。
(5)组件的实际应用。运用本文设计和开发的PMS-DC及i-GDSSG的相关组件,实际开发了一个问题驱动型DSS,即中国固体矿产业持续技术创新支撑体系决策支持系统(CMTIDSS)。应用效果表明,采用PMS-DC及相关组件开发面向问题的专用DSS,不仅可提高开发效率,且能有效地管理和处理中文自然语言表述的决策问题。
Problem Management System (PMS) is the important subsystem of DSS and the core subsystem of problem-driven DSS. Problem management methods (e.g. analyzing problem and problem solving) and development of problem management system are the difficulty and emphasis in this research area. A lot of difficult problems about human-machine communication system faced decision problem management system remained unsolved including formal description of decision problem, identification and understanding of decision problem expressed in natural language, sub-problem decomposition of decision problem, intelligent matching and application of solving method for decision problem, effective organization of decision problem base and so on. With respect to these problems, this dissertation discusses the more intelligent general method of management and analysis for decision problem by analyzing the common characteristic and integrating each advantage of human and computer, and researches development component of PMS to provide more practical means and tools for the development of problem driven DSS.
The main research content and result of this dissertation include:
(1) Research on characteristic analysis and description method of decision problem. Decision problem is regarded as a complex system. On the basis of analyzing interior structure and characteristic of decision problem, an object-oriented problem vector space model is proposed to act as description method of decision problem system. At the same time, problem vector space model is applied to research the attribute type, attribute structure, the change law of attribute valuing state in the course of problem understanding and solving, and the relation of sub-problem decomposition among problem attribute identification, analysis and problem solving. Then general method of problem handing is drawn from description, analysis and understanding, sub-problem causing and problem soling scheme forming of decision problem.
(2) Research on intelligent method of decision problem management. On the basis of general method of problem solving acquired from characteristic analysis of decision problem, knowledge management technology is introduced to the solving method to research three core issues involved in knowledge management based intelligent handing approach of decision problem: problem base organization mode of PMS, problem knowledge structure, problem intelligent understanding, and problem intelligent solving process and approach. A problem base management approach embed in knowledge base is suggested to research the mode of problem base embed into knowledge base, basic structure of corresponding problem base and knowledge base. Meanwhile, problem knowledge structure is put forward according to varieties of knowledge composition and data structure involved in decision problem handing. In addition, concrete flow and mechanism of knowledge management based problem understanding and solving is presented according to problem description identification type and solving method, valuing state of problem attribute for identifying sub-problem.
(3) Research on relevant model and technology of decision problem intelligent identification. On the basis of above-mentioned intelligent handing method of decision problem, problem attribute identification, problem type identification, model and algorithm of sub-problem identification are built. By supplying choosing cause of Chinese sentence segmentation algorithm, intelligent identification model of decision problem surface layer attribute is built based on segmentation algorithm, clause division algorithm and syntax analysis algorithm. Intelligent identification model of decision problem concealed attribute is built based on double key words searching rule and problem type knowledge base matching rule. Intelligent identification model of sub-problem is also built based on sub-problem producing rule and constructing rule.
(4) Research on development component of decision problem management system. Function structure of general problem management system is designed according to the characteristic of decision problem, proposed problem intelligent handing method and model. The function structure is moduled to design out problem management system development component (PMS-DC). The object, class, control, its attribute, method and event contained in PMS-DC are discussed in detail. The relation among variety of classes and controls in PMS-DC is discussed. And the relation among other components in general DSS generator under internet environment (i-GDSSG) is also discussed. Exterior interface of PMS-DC is designed and component distributing strategy in special DSS is present.
(5) Practical application of component. The designed and developed PMS-DC and relevant component of i-GDSS in this dissertation is actually a problem driven DSS named CMTIDSS. Applying effect shows that developing the problem-oriented special DSS by introducing PMS-DC and relevant component not only improves developing efficiency, but also effectively manages and deals with decision problem expressed in Chinese natural language.
引文
[1]J.P.Shim,Merrill Warkentin,James F.Courtney,Daniel J.Power,Ramesh Shard,Christer Carlsson.Past,present,and future of decision support technology[J].Decision Support Systems,2002,33(2):111-126.
[2]陈晓红.决策支持系统理论与应用[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2000.
[3]陈晓红,徐选华.决策应用软件开发平台SmartDecision研制-国家杰出青年科学基金项目回溯[J].管理学报,2006,3(3):253-257.
[4]George M.Marakas.Decision Support Systems[M].Prentice Hall,2 edition,2002.
[5]Daniel J.Power.Decision Support Systems:Concepts and Resources for Managers[M].Quorum Books,2002.
[6]陈文伟.决策支持系统及其开发(第二版)[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2000.
[7]高洪深.决策支持系统(DSS):理论.方法.案例(第3版)[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[8]Andrew P.Sage.Decision Support Systems Engineering[M].Wiley-Interscience,1991.
[9]Ralph H.Sprague,Hugh J.Watson.Decision Support Systems:Putting Theory into Practice[M].Prentice Hall College Div,2003
[10]Sean B.Eom.The Intellectual Development and Structure of Decision Support System[J].Omega,Int.J.Mgmt Sci,1998,26(5):639-657.
[11]胡于进,凌玲.决策支持系统的开发与应用[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2006.
[12]黄平.IDSS中问题管理系统的研究[J].微型机与应用,1993,(6):7-8.
[13]Chen Xiao Hong,et al.Study on the Vector Space of Decision Support System Related Problems.International Conference on Management Science and Engineering,OCT 22-24,2002.Proceedings of 2002 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering,2002(1,2):69-76.
[14]Gorry G.A.,Scott M.M.A Framework for Management Information Systems[J].Sloan Management Review,1971,13(1):55-70.
[15]Keen P.,Morton M.S.Decision support systems:an organizational perspective[M].Addison-Wesley Publishing,Reading,MA,1978.
[16]Reza Barkhi,Erik Rolland,John Butler,Weiguo Fan.Decision Support System induced guidance for model formulation and solution[J].Decision Support Systems,2005(40):269-280.
[17]Reza Barkhi,The effects of decision guidance and problem modeling on group decision-making[J].J.Manage.Inf.Syst,2002,18(3):259-282.
[18]Yoram Reich,Adi Kapeliuk.A framework for organizing the space of decision problems with application to solving subjective,context-dependent problems[J].Decision Support Systems,2005,4(1):1-19
[19]Yoram Reich,Adi Kapeliuk.Case-based reasoning with subjective influence knowledge[J].Applied Artificial Intelligence,2004(18):735-760
[20]肖人彬,费奇,周济.决策问题结构的形式化研究[J].控制与决策,1996,11(3):358-362.
[21]肖人彬,周济,姚建初,余俊.决策问题结构化的一个测度[J].决策与决策支持系统,1994,4(1):64-68.
[22]肖人彬.一种面向复杂决策的综合集成新理论[J].系统工程理论方法应用,1998,7(1):51-56
[23]肖人彬,罗云峰,费奇.决策支持系统发展的新阶段[J].系统工程理论与实践,1999(1):47-50
[24]于长锐,徐福缘,向阳.复杂决策问题形式化方法研究[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(6):9-16
[25]向阳,于长锐.复杂决策问题的定性与定量综合集成方法研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,(2):25-31
[26]于长锐,罗艳.面向复杂决策问题的结构计算方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(5):728-731
[27]柳少军,韩崇昭,万百五.决策支持系统的问题识别与描述方法研究[J].系统工程学报,1995,10(2):56-65.
[28]柳少军.决策问题识别及其实现研究[J].北方交通大学学报.1997,21(3):253-258.
[29]柳少军.决策支持理论与方法研究[J].北方交通大学学报,1996,20(6):635-640
[30]钟玮,孙向阳,柳少军,胡晓峰.SDS200X中战略决策问题求解方法探讨[J].系统工程学报.2003,18(3):231-236.
[31]柳少军,高自友.支持决策问题求解理论与方法研究[J].北方交通大学学报, 1997,21(6):609-615
[32]张梅,张朋柱,万百五,韩崇昭.决策问题模型化及其求解学习控制[J].管理工程学报,1996,10(1):22-29.
[33]张朋柱,张梅,万百五,韩崇昭.智能决策支持系统的问题管理与求解学习[J].决策支持系统,1992,2(4):15-21.
[34]张朋柱,张梅,韩崇昭,万百五.决策过程控制:问题-模型-求解递阶分层法[J].控制与决策,1993,8(4):255-260.
[35]候立文,谭家美,蒋馥.决策问题识别的方法研究[J].预测,2001,20(3):74-78.
[36]胡祥培,修立军,杨德礼.生产作业计划问题的知识表示研究[J].管理科学学报,1999,2(2):41-48
[37]胡祥培,修立军,钱国明.面向问题的知识表示支持系统研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,31(1):1-4.
[38]胡祥培,钱国明,胡运权.运筹学规划问题的一种基于知识的树状表示法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1997,29(3):8-11.
[39]胡祥培,钱国明,胡运权.离散型动态规划模型的知识表示及其IBFS算法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(3):119-126.
[40]卢涛,李一军,黄梯云.基于类自然语言的管理问题理解方法研究[J].管理科学学报,2003,6(1):37-43.
[41]David Paradice.Expanding the boundaries of DSS[J].Decision Support Systems,2006:1-4.
[42]Bongsug Chae,David Paradice,James F.Courtney,Carol J.Cagle.Incorporating an ethical perspective into problem formulation:implications for decision support systems design[J].Decision Support Systems,2005,40(2):197 -212
[43]D.B.Paradice,R.Boonthanom.Incorporating multiple perspectives in complex decision making environments[A].In:F.Adam,P.Brezillon,P.Humphreys and J.C.Pomerol,Editors,Decision Making and Decision Support in the Internet Age[C].Cork,Ireland,2002:228-237.
[44]胡俊华,杨波,李金屏.自然语言理解研究略述[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2001,11(5):58-62
[45]刘伟权.自然语言理解与汉语文本信息处理理论研究[D].北京邮电大学博士论文,1997
[46]杨沐昀,李志升,于洁.机器翻译系统[M].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000.
[47]李宝安,孟庆昌.中文信息处理技术-原理与应用[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[48]赵川,杜玲,岳鹏,刘少君,林征胜,赵荣海.基于中文的自然语言理解初探[J].现代电子技术,2007(6):82-85
[49]Aame Ranta,Bengt Nordstrom.Advances in Natural Language Processing:6th International Conference,Springer,2008.
[50]Allen.Natural Language Understanding[M].Addison Wesley,1994
[51]Madeleine Bates,Ralph M.Weischedel.Challenges in Natural Language Processing(Studies in Natural Language Processing)[M].Cambridge University Press,2006.
[52]王晓龙,关毅等.计算机自然语言处理[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[53]张政.计算机翻译研究[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2006.
[54]刘小冬.自然语言理解综述[J].统计与信息论坛,2007,22(2):5-12
[55]钟义信.自然语言理解的全信息方法论[J].北京邮电大学学报,2004,27(4):1-12
[56]夏安邦.DSS的自然语言和问题求解[J].系统工程学报,1995,10(2):66-73.
[57]夏安邦,陈煜.基于集成知识环境的DSS生成器[J].系统工程学报,1992,7(2):29-35.
[58]夏安邦.决策支持系统引论[M].上海,同济大学出版社,1991
[59]向阳,于长锐.基于知识的规划模型构造系统研究[J].系统工程学报,2002,17(1):72-77.
[60]于长锐,罗艳,徐福缘.复杂决策问题的多元化模型体系研究[J].管理科学学报,2004,7(2):88-94.
[61]于长锐,罗艳.面向复杂决策问题的结构计算方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(5):728-731.
[62]黄梯云.智能决策支持系统[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2001
[63]向阳,黄梯云.基于管理问题理解的DSS智能构模理论框架研究[J].管理科学学报,1999,2(3):51-58.
[64]向阳,黄梯云,于长锐.基于问题结构分析的模型智能构造系统框架研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000(6):15-18.
[65]黄梯云,李一军,周宽久.模型管理系统及其发展[J].管理科学学报, 1998,1(1):57-63.
[66]冯玉强,吴菲,黄梯云.基于自然语言理解的模型自动选择研究[J].情报学报,2002,21(1):17-20.
[67]黄梯云,冯玉强,周宽久.决策支持系统中的建模知识表示研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,4(1):45-51.
[68]黄梯云,吴菲,卢涛.模型自动选择方法研究的进展[J].计算机应用研究,2001(4):6-8
[69]邓超,李一智.IDSS中决策知识一方法库的研究与设计[J].中南矿业学院学报,1994,25(6):782-785.
[70]陈晓红,何晓洁,李一智.智能决策支持系统人机交互式接口单元的设计与实现[A].企业发展与系统工程一中国系统工程学会第七届年会论文集[C],1992:320-325.
[71]陈晓红,何晓洁,李一智.自然语言理解在智能决策支持系统人机接口中的应用[A].全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第2卷)[C],1993:544-548.
[72]赵会群,孙晶.一个商业决策支持系统的设计与实现[J].基础自动化,2000,7(4):32-35.
[73]赵会群.基于知识的商业决策支持系统研究[D].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1999.
[74]于存贵,李自勇,马志文,马大为.基于黑板模型的多属性决策模式[J].南京理工大学学报,2000,24(4):334-337
[75]于存贵,吴萍,阎向民.武器系统方案评价智能决策支持系统研究[J].兵工学报,2002,23(4):493-496.
[76]覃征,汪应洛.TIDSS问题处理器的研究与实现[J].测试技术报,1996,10(2,3):173-179.
[77]覃征,汪应洛.TIPPS求解过程控制及其算法的研究[J].测试技术报,1996,10(2,3):180-184.
[78]覃征,康继昌,呙福德.面向决策层的智能决策支持系统[J].西北工业大学学报,1995,13(1):86-91.
[79]G.Salton,W.Wong,C.S.Yang,A Vector Space Model for Automatic Indexing[J].Communications of the ACM,1975,18(11):613 - 620.
[80]G.Salton,C.S.Yang,On the Specification of Term Values in Indexing[J].Journal of Documentation,1973,29(4):351 - 372.
[81]Hu Dong-bin,Chen Xiao-hong,Luo Ding,Zhou Yan-ju.Study on the Vector Space of Decision Support System Related Problems[A],Proceedings of 2002International Conference on Management Science&Engineering[C],Moscow,Russia,2002:69-76.
[82]Kishor Apte.Problem management system:experience and insights[J].ACM SIGS OFT Software Engineering Notes,1994,19(1):53-54
[83]E.S.Weber,B.R.Konsynski.Problem management:Neglected elements in decision support systems[J].Journal of Management Information Systems,1987,4(3):64-81.
[84]Mira Kajko-Mattsson.Problem management maturity within corrective maintenance[J].Journal of Software Maintenance:Research and Practice,2002,14(3):197 - 227.
[85]Diego Moll(?) Jos(?) Luis Vicedo.Question Answering in Restricted Domains:An Overview[J].Computational Linguistics,2007,33(1):41-61.
[86]上官敬聪,陈吴鹏.群体决策支持系统在两种决策过程中的应用[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2000,15(5):78-79.
[87]吴海听,吴新垣.人机交互系统软件设计[J].微型机与应用,1999(6):7-9.
[88]Michael L.Williams,Alan R.Dennis,Antonie Stam,Jay E.Aronson.The impact of DSS use and information load on errors and decision quality[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2007(176):468-481.
[89]Efraim Turban,Jay E Aronson,Ting-Peng Liang,Ramesh Sharda.Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems(8th Edition)[M].Prentice-Hall,Inc,2006
[90]Maria Virvou,Katerina Kabassi.Evaluating an intelligent graphical user interface by comparison with human experts[J].Knowledge-Based Systems.2004(17):31-37.
[91]M.Virvou,K.Kabassi.An empirical study concerning graphical user interfaces that manipulate files Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2000[A].World Conference on Educational Multimedia[C],Hypermedia and Telecommunications,AACE,Charlottesville,2000:1724-1726.
[92]M.Virvou,K.Kabassi.An intelligent learning environment for novice users of a GUI[A].In:G.Gauthier,C.Frasson and K.VanLehn,Editors,Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceIntelligent Tutoring Systems[C],Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems,Springer,Berlin, 2000:484-493.
[93]Suprasith Jarupathirun,Fatemeh "Mariam" Zahedi.Dialectic decision support systems:System design and empirical evaluation[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43(4):1553-1570.
[94]Suprasith Jarupathirun,Fatemeh "Mariam" Zahedi.Exploring the influence of perceptual factors in the success of web-based spatial DSS[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43(3):933 - 951.
[95]陈学中.DSS人机接口技术及计算机实现[J].技术园地,1996(5):16-19.
[96]陈学中.决策支持系统人机接口探讨[A].管理科学与系统科学进展-全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第4卷)[C],1997:310-314.
[97]陈学中.DSS人机接口技术及软件实现[J].计算机系统应用,1996(10):11-13.
[98]Fierbinteanu C.A Decision Support Systems Generator for Transportation Demand Forecasting Implemented by Constraint Logic Programming[J].Decision Support Systems,1999,26(3):179-194.
[99]Maturana S,Ferrer J C,Baranao F.Design and Implementation of an Optimization-Based Decision Support System Generator[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154(1):170-183.
[100]Rico M,Yuschak O,Taverna M L,et al.Decision Support Systems Generator for Industrial Companies[J].Computers & Industrial Engineering,1997,33(1-2):357-360.
[101]孙永生,孙军.一种通用的决策支持系统生成器[J].计算机应用研究,1994,11(4):34-35.
[102]王亚芬.决策支持系统生成器的分析与设计方法:一ROMC的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,1994,14(2):13-17.
[103]王宇,史永杰.一种决策支持系统生成器的设计与实现[J].大连海事大学学报(自然科学版),1999,25(3):89-92.
[104]夏克俭,聂维同.决策支持开发工具DSSG的模型与模型库管理[J].北京科技大学学报,1998,20(5):493-498.
[105]袁捷,陆菊康,邵伟民等.一个基于面向对象方法的智能决策支持系统生成器[J].计算机工程,2001,27(2):50-52.
[106]张家重,孙伯起.决策支持系统生成器DSSG的设计与分析[J].计算机系统应用,1994,(2):26-28.
[107]赵雄毅,瞿兆荣.通用决策支持系统生成器DSSG的实现[J].计算机应用, 1990,10(3):15-19.
[108]高原康彦,柴直树,陈晓红.Advances of DSS Development-General Systems Theory Approach[M].北京,经济科学出版社,2003.
[109]陈晓红,高原康彦.一种新的决策支持系统开发方法[J].系统工程,2000,18(4):58-63.
[110]Xiao Hong Chen,Yasuhiko Takahara,Mihajlo D.Mesarovic.A DSS Theory from Problem Solving Paradigm[J].Int.Journal of Information and Management Sciences,2000,11(3):57-70.
[111]Chen X H.A DSS theory from problem solving paradigm[J].International Journal of Information and Management Sciences,2000(5):125-131.
[112]陈晓红,严弟勇.基于面向对象思想的决策支持系统[J].中国有色金属学报,1998,8(1):178-182.
[113]陈晓红,徐兵.基于层次模型法的决策支持系统的应用[J].中南工业大学学报,2001,32(1):97-100.
[114]申文果,刘仲英.ROMC法与原型法相结合的DSS开发方法研究[J].现代化管理,1995(2):18-19.
[115]徐超汉,李剑汉.决策支持系统分析与设计方法[J].电脑,1994(9):9-11.
[116]孙龙清.基于OMT的快速原型法及其在决策支持系统开发中的应用[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(6):72-76.
[117]马君.基于UML的决策支持系统开发方法[J].统计与决策,2005(3):43-44.
[118]钟大伟,陈崇成,池天河,邓钟.基于UML的环境空间决策支持系统的分析与设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(12):2162-2165.
[119]涂建东,陈崇成,黄洪宇,张群洪.于J2EE的空间数据挖掘系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2005,25(3):710-716.
[120]李高和,张艳莉,石龙,李琪.基于XML的智能决策支持系统研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005(26):177-187.
[121]徐彤,李松,谢波.Visual Prolog在IDSS开发中的应用技术研究[J].科技论坛,2005(19):23-24.
[122]S.Raghunathan.A structured modeling based methodology to design decision support systems[J].Decision Support Systems,1996,17(4):299-312.
[123]管春,胡军,贾仁安.面向对象的决策支持系统结构建立方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004(3):188-190.
[124]CAO Yuan-dal,HU Jun,GUAN Chun.Method of Establishing Object-Oriented System Structure for Decision Support System.[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2002,11(3):312-315.
[125]黄景平,冯珊,周凯波.DFEM-IDSS的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2000(7):4 1-45.
[126]黄景平,唐超,冯珊,付莉红.一种智能决策支持系统的设计与实现[J].华中理工大学学报,1999,27(9):81-83.
[127]白劲波.基于组件技术的DSS开发方法研究[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2003,17(4):33-35.
[128]白劲波.组件技术在商业DSS中的应用研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2003.
[129]张家生,宁慧.一个基于组件技术的商业DSS设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究,2002(6):106-108.
[130]张家生,赵会群.基于组件的决策支持系统模型设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2002,22(2):24-27.
[131]黄桢.基于数据挖掘的智能决策支持系统[J].电脑知识与技术,2007(2):303-304,313.
[132]陈泓婕,杨炳儒,谢永红.基于信息挖掘的智能决策支持系统结构模型[J].计算机应用研究,2002,(11):11-13,26.
[133]苏占东,杨炳儒,游福成.基于信息挖掘的智能决策支持系统的结构设计[J],计算机应用研究,2005,(3):27-30.
[134]陈敏,蔡筱英.基于DW的DSS系统的设计与实施[J].情报学报,2003,22(5):597-601.
[135]宋旭东,刘晓冰,董丕明.基于数据仓库的决策支持系统体系结构[J].大连铁道学院学院学报,2004,25(2):50-53.
[136]施建强,刘晓平.数据-驱动DSS开发方法的研究[J].微计算机应用,2002,23(3):232-248.
[137]Shifeng Zhang,Steve Goddard.A software architecture and framework for Web-based distributed Decision Support Systems[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43(4):1133 - 1150.
[138]Carlson E,Sprague R H.Building Effective Decision Support Systems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ,USA:Prentice Hall College Div,1982.
[139]Sprague J R.A Framework for the Development of Decision Support Systems[J].MIS Quarterly,1980,4(4):1-26.
[140]Sergio Maturana,Juan-Carlos Ferrer,Francisco Bara-nao.Design and implementation of an optimization-based decision support system generator[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154(1):170-183.
[141]P.Gazmuri,S.Maturana,Developing and implementing a production planning DSS for CTI using structured modeling[J].Interfaces,2001,31(4):22-36.
[142]刘宏,袁捷.一种基于Agent的决策支持系统生成器新框架[J].1999,25(12):65-67.
[143]王宇,史永杰,王晓锋.一种决策支持系统生成器的设计与实现[J].大连海事大学学报,1999,25(3):89-92.
[144]何晓雁,高衿畅.一个面向对象的决策支持系统生成器模型[J].内蒙古工业大学学报.1995,14(3):63-68.
[145]张大海.领域通用IDSS生成器及其设计方法[J].北京科技大学学报,1997,19(4):409-411.
[146]王亚芬.决策支持系统生成器的分析与设计方法-ROMC的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,1994(2):13-17.
[147]杜江,周济,肖人彬,田新时.基于面向对象模型的DSS实现方法[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,26(8):23-25.
[148]陈晓红.面向问题求解的决策支持系统[J].中南工业大学学报,1999,5(1):49-53.
[149]高济.基于知识的软件智能化技术[M],杭州,浙江大学出版社,2000.
[150]黄昌宁,赵海.中文分词十年回顾[J].中文信息学报,2007,21(3):8-19.
[151]黄昌宁,张小凤.自然语言处理技术的三个里程碑[J].外语教学与研究,2002,34(3):180-187.
[152]Levow,G.The Third International Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff:Word segmentation and named entity recognition[A].In:Proceedings of the Fifth SIGHAN Workshop on Chinese Language Processing[C].Sydney:July 2006,108-117.
[153]瞿锋,陈纪元.汉语自动分词算法综述[J].福建电脑,2006(4):23-25.
[154]张春霞,郝天永.汉语自动分词的研究现状与困难[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(1):138-143,147.
[155]刘晓英.汉语自动分词研究的发展趋势[J].高校图书馆工作.2005,25(108):25-28.
[156]文庭孝.汉语自动分词研究进展[J].图书与情报,2005(5):54-63.
[157]詹卫东.80年代以来汉语信息处理研究述评-作为现代汉语语法研究的应用背景之一[J].当代语言学,2000,2(2):63-73.
[158]邓文彬.最近20年来汉语句法分析方法研究述略[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2004,25(6):342-348.
[159]张亮,王树梅,黄河燕,张孝飞.面向中文问答系统的问句句法分析[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2006,41(3):30-33.
[160]孟遥,李生,赵铁军,曹海龙.四种基本统计句法分析模型在汉语句法分析中的性能比较[J].中文信息学报,2003,17(3):1-8.
[161]曹海龙.基于词汇化统计模型的汉语句法分析研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2006.
[162]周明,黄昌宁.面向语料库标注的汉语依存体系的探讨[J].中文信息学报,1993,8(3):35-52.
[163]刘伟权,王明会,钟义信.建立现代汉语依存关系的层次体系[J].中文信息学报,1994,10(2):32-46.
[164]郭艳华,周昌乐.一种汉语语句依存关系网分析策略与生成算法研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2000,27(6):637-644.
[165]胡东波,陈晓红,胡东滨.面向决策的知识管理系统开发组件研究[J].计算机工程,2006,32(7):46-48.
[166]Jim Farley.Microsoft.NET vs.J2EE:How Do They Stack Up?[EB/OL].http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/java/news/farley_0800.html,2000-8-1.
[167]Chad Vawter,Ed Roman June.J2EE vs.Microsoft.NET-A comparison of building XML-based web services[EB/OL].http://www.theserverside.com/tt/articles/article.tss?l=J2EE-vs-DOTNET,2001.
[168]张春光.J2EE与.NET的比较[EB/OL].http://bz.baoan.net.cn/bzblog/user_files/bzl67/archives/2008/334.html.2008-4-28.
[169]周顽,谢清.J2EE与.NET技术平台分析比较[J].软件导刊,2007(3):57-58.
[170]方忠祥.J2EE与NET平台体系架构的比较研究[J].机电工程技术,2005,34(4):19-20.
[171]孙卿,滕远道,徐明毅.Microsoft.NET和J2EE的构成技术与比较[J].微机发展,2004,14(4):90-93.
[172]陈晓红,关健等.中国主要矿产资源保障程度和开发利用战略决策分析研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2003,.23(6):1-6.
[173]我国金属矿产资源保障程度与开发利用程度科技发展战略课题组.我国金 属矿产资源保障程度与开发利用程度科技发展战略研究[R].北京:中国有色金属工业协会,2003.
[174]杨学昌,王晓辉.我国技术创新体系建设中存在的问题与对策[J].经济师,2005(8):26-27
[175]王春法.关于国家创新体系理论的思考[J].中国软科学,2003(5):99-104.
[176]刘群,张华平,俞鸿魁,程学旗.基于层叠隐马模型的汉语词法分析[J].计算机研究与发展,2004,41(8):1422-1429.
[2]陈晓红.决策支持系统理论与应用[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2000.
[3]陈晓红,徐选华.决策应用软件开发平台SmartDecision研制-国家杰出青年科学基金项目回溯[J].管理学报,2006,3(3):253-257.
[4]George M.Marakas.Decision Support Systems[M].Prentice Hall,2 edition,2002.
[5]Daniel J.Power.Decision Support Systems:Concepts and Resources for Managers[M].Quorum Books,2002.
[6]陈文伟.决策支持系统及其开发(第二版)[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2000.
[7]高洪深.决策支持系统(DSS):理论.方法.案例(第3版)[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[8]Andrew P.Sage.Decision Support Systems Engineering[M].Wiley-Interscience,1991.
[9]Ralph H.Sprague,Hugh J.Watson.Decision Support Systems:Putting Theory into Practice[M].Prentice Hall College Div,2003
[10]Sean B.Eom.The Intellectual Development and Structure of Decision Support System[J].Omega,Int.J.Mgmt Sci,1998,26(5):639-657.
[11]胡于进,凌玲.决策支持系统的开发与应用[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2006.
[12]黄平.IDSS中问题管理系统的研究[J].微型机与应用,1993,(6):7-8.
[13]Chen Xiao Hong,et al.Study on the Vector Space of Decision Support System Related Problems.International Conference on Management Science and Engineering,OCT 22-24,2002.Proceedings of 2002 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering,2002(1,2):69-76.
[14]Gorry G.A.,Scott M.M.A Framework for Management Information Systems[J].Sloan Management Review,1971,13(1):55-70.
[15]Keen P.,Morton M.S.Decision support systems:an organizational perspective[M].Addison-Wesley Publishing,Reading,MA,1978.
[16]Reza Barkhi,Erik Rolland,John Butler,Weiguo Fan.Decision Support System induced guidance for model formulation and solution[J].Decision Support Systems,2005(40):269-280.
[17]Reza Barkhi,The effects of decision guidance and problem modeling on group decision-making[J].J.Manage.Inf.Syst,2002,18(3):259-282.
[18]Yoram Reich,Adi Kapeliuk.A framework for organizing the space of decision problems with application to solving subjective,context-dependent problems[J].Decision Support Systems,2005,4(1):1-19
[19]Yoram Reich,Adi Kapeliuk.Case-based reasoning with subjective influence knowledge[J].Applied Artificial Intelligence,2004(18):735-760
[20]肖人彬,费奇,周济.决策问题结构的形式化研究[J].控制与决策,1996,11(3):358-362.
[21]肖人彬,周济,姚建初,余俊.决策问题结构化的一个测度[J].决策与决策支持系统,1994,4(1):64-68.
[22]肖人彬.一种面向复杂决策的综合集成新理论[J].系统工程理论方法应用,1998,7(1):51-56
[23]肖人彬,罗云峰,费奇.决策支持系统发展的新阶段[J].系统工程理论与实践,1999(1):47-50
[24]于长锐,徐福缘,向阳.复杂决策问题形式化方法研究[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(6):9-16
[25]向阳,于长锐.复杂决策问题的定性与定量综合集成方法研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,(2):25-31
[26]于长锐,罗艳.面向复杂决策问题的结构计算方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(5):728-731
[27]柳少军,韩崇昭,万百五.决策支持系统的问题识别与描述方法研究[J].系统工程学报,1995,10(2):56-65.
[28]柳少军.决策问题识别及其实现研究[J].北方交通大学学报.1997,21(3):253-258.
[29]柳少军.决策支持理论与方法研究[J].北方交通大学学报,1996,20(6):635-640
[30]钟玮,孙向阳,柳少军,胡晓峰.SDS200X中战略决策问题求解方法探讨[J].系统工程学报.2003,18(3):231-236.
[31]柳少军,高自友.支持决策问题求解理论与方法研究[J].北方交通大学学报, 1997,21(6):609-615
[32]张梅,张朋柱,万百五,韩崇昭.决策问题模型化及其求解学习控制[J].管理工程学报,1996,10(1):22-29.
[33]张朋柱,张梅,万百五,韩崇昭.智能决策支持系统的问题管理与求解学习[J].决策支持系统,1992,2(4):15-21.
[34]张朋柱,张梅,韩崇昭,万百五.决策过程控制:问题-模型-求解递阶分层法[J].控制与决策,1993,8(4):255-260.
[35]候立文,谭家美,蒋馥.决策问题识别的方法研究[J].预测,2001,20(3):74-78.
[36]胡祥培,修立军,杨德礼.生产作业计划问题的知识表示研究[J].管理科学学报,1999,2(2):41-48
[37]胡祥培,修立军,钱国明.面向问题的知识表示支持系统研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,31(1):1-4.
[38]胡祥培,钱国明,胡运权.运筹学规划问题的一种基于知识的树状表示法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1997,29(3):8-11.
[39]胡祥培,钱国明,胡运权.离散型动态规划模型的知识表示及其IBFS算法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(3):119-126.
[40]卢涛,李一军,黄梯云.基于类自然语言的管理问题理解方法研究[J].管理科学学报,2003,6(1):37-43.
[41]David Paradice.Expanding the boundaries of DSS[J].Decision Support Systems,2006:1-4.
[42]Bongsug Chae,David Paradice,James F.Courtney,Carol J.Cagle.Incorporating an ethical perspective into problem formulation:implications for decision support systems design[J].Decision Support Systems,2005,40(2):197 -212
[43]D.B.Paradice,R.Boonthanom.Incorporating multiple perspectives in complex decision making environments[A].In:F.Adam,P.Brezillon,P.Humphreys and J.C.Pomerol,Editors,Decision Making and Decision Support in the Internet Age[C].Cork,Ireland,2002:228-237.
[44]胡俊华,杨波,李金屏.自然语言理解研究略述[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2001,11(5):58-62
[45]刘伟权.自然语言理解与汉语文本信息处理理论研究[D].北京邮电大学博士论文,1997
[46]杨沐昀,李志升,于洁.机器翻译系统[M].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000.
[47]李宝安,孟庆昌.中文信息处理技术-原理与应用[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[48]赵川,杜玲,岳鹏,刘少君,林征胜,赵荣海.基于中文的自然语言理解初探[J].现代电子技术,2007(6):82-85
[49]Aame Ranta,Bengt Nordstrom.Advances in Natural Language Processing:6th International Conference,Springer,2008.
[50]Allen.Natural Language Understanding[M].Addison Wesley,1994
[51]Madeleine Bates,Ralph M.Weischedel.Challenges in Natural Language Processing(Studies in Natural Language Processing)[M].Cambridge University Press,2006.
[52]王晓龙,关毅等.计算机自然语言处理[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2005.
[53]张政.计算机翻译研究[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2006.
[54]刘小冬.自然语言理解综述[J].统计与信息论坛,2007,22(2):5-12
[55]钟义信.自然语言理解的全信息方法论[J].北京邮电大学学报,2004,27(4):1-12
[56]夏安邦.DSS的自然语言和问题求解[J].系统工程学报,1995,10(2):66-73.
[57]夏安邦,陈煜.基于集成知识环境的DSS生成器[J].系统工程学报,1992,7(2):29-35.
[58]夏安邦.决策支持系统引论[M].上海,同济大学出版社,1991
[59]向阳,于长锐.基于知识的规划模型构造系统研究[J].系统工程学报,2002,17(1):72-77.
[60]于长锐,罗艳,徐福缘.复杂决策问题的多元化模型体系研究[J].管理科学学报,2004,7(2):88-94.
[61]于长锐,罗艳.面向复杂决策问题的结构计算方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(5):728-731.
[62]黄梯云.智能决策支持系统[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2001
[63]向阳,黄梯云.基于管理问题理解的DSS智能构模理论框架研究[J].管理科学学报,1999,2(3):51-58.
[64]向阳,黄梯云,于长锐.基于问题结构分析的模型智能构造系统框架研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000(6):15-18.
[65]黄梯云,李一军,周宽久.模型管理系统及其发展[J].管理科学学报, 1998,1(1):57-63.
[66]冯玉强,吴菲,黄梯云.基于自然语言理解的模型自动选择研究[J].情报学报,2002,21(1):17-20.
[67]黄梯云,冯玉强,周宽久.决策支持系统中的建模知识表示研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,4(1):45-51.
[68]黄梯云,吴菲,卢涛.模型自动选择方法研究的进展[J].计算机应用研究,2001(4):6-8
[69]邓超,李一智.IDSS中决策知识一方法库的研究与设计[J].中南矿业学院学报,1994,25(6):782-785.
[70]陈晓红,何晓洁,李一智.智能决策支持系统人机交互式接口单元的设计与实现[A].企业发展与系统工程一中国系统工程学会第七届年会论文集[C],1992:320-325.
[71]陈晓红,何晓洁,李一智.自然语言理解在智能决策支持系统人机接口中的应用[A].全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第2卷)[C],1993:544-548.
[72]赵会群,孙晶.一个商业决策支持系统的设计与实现[J].基础自动化,2000,7(4):32-35.
[73]赵会群.基于知识的商业决策支持系统研究[D].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1999.
[74]于存贵,李自勇,马志文,马大为.基于黑板模型的多属性决策模式[J].南京理工大学学报,2000,24(4):334-337
[75]于存贵,吴萍,阎向民.武器系统方案评价智能决策支持系统研究[J].兵工学报,2002,23(4):493-496.
[76]覃征,汪应洛.TIDSS问题处理器的研究与实现[J].测试技术报,1996,10(2,3):173-179.
[77]覃征,汪应洛.TIPPS求解过程控制及其算法的研究[J].测试技术报,1996,10(2,3):180-184.
[78]覃征,康继昌,呙福德.面向决策层的智能决策支持系统[J].西北工业大学学报,1995,13(1):86-91.
[79]G.Salton,W.Wong,C.S.Yang,A Vector Space Model for Automatic Indexing[J].Communications of the ACM,1975,18(11):613 - 620.
[80]G.Salton,C.S.Yang,On the Specification of Term Values in Indexing[J].Journal of Documentation,1973,29(4):351 - 372.
[81]Hu Dong-bin,Chen Xiao-hong,Luo Ding,Zhou Yan-ju.Study on the Vector Space of Decision Support System Related Problems[A],Proceedings of 2002International Conference on Management Science&Engineering[C],Moscow,Russia,2002:69-76.
[82]Kishor Apte.Problem management system:experience and insights[J].ACM SIGS OFT Software Engineering Notes,1994,19(1):53-54
[83]E.S.Weber,B.R.Konsynski.Problem management:Neglected elements in decision support systems[J].Journal of Management Information Systems,1987,4(3):64-81.
[84]Mira Kajko-Mattsson.Problem management maturity within corrective maintenance[J].Journal of Software Maintenance:Research and Practice,2002,14(3):197 - 227.
[85]Diego Moll(?) Jos(?) Luis Vicedo.Question Answering in Restricted Domains:An Overview[J].Computational Linguistics,2007,33(1):41-61.
[86]上官敬聪,陈吴鹏.群体决策支持系统在两种决策过程中的应用[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2000,15(5):78-79.
[87]吴海听,吴新垣.人机交互系统软件设计[J].微型机与应用,1999(6):7-9.
[88]Michael L.Williams,Alan R.Dennis,Antonie Stam,Jay E.Aronson.The impact of DSS use and information load on errors and decision quality[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2007(176):468-481.
[89]Efraim Turban,Jay E Aronson,Ting-Peng Liang,Ramesh Sharda.Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems(8th Edition)[M].Prentice-Hall,Inc,2006
[90]Maria Virvou,Katerina Kabassi.Evaluating an intelligent graphical user interface by comparison with human experts[J].Knowledge-Based Systems.2004(17):31-37.
[91]M.Virvou,K.Kabassi.An empirical study concerning graphical user interfaces that manipulate files Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2000[A].World Conference on Educational Multimedia[C],Hypermedia and Telecommunications,AACE,Charlottesville,2000:1724-1726.
[92]M.Virvou,K.Kabassi.An intelligent learning environment for novice users of a GUI[A].In:G.Gauthier,C.Frasson and K.VanLehn,Editors,Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceIntelligent Tutoring Systems[C],Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems,Springer,Berlin, 2000:484-493.
[93]Suprasith Jarupathirun,Fatemeh "Mariam" Zahedi.Dialectic decision support systems:System design and empirical evaluation[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43(4):1553-1570.
[94]Suprasith Jarupathirun,Fatemeh "Mariam" Zahedi.Exploring the influence of perceptual factors in the success of web-based spatial DSS[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43(3):933 - 951.
[95]陈学中.DSS人机接口技术及计算机实现[J].技术园地,1996(5):16-19.
[96]陈学中.决策支持系统人机接口探讨[A].管理科学与系统科学进展-全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第4卷)[C],1997:310-314.
[97]陈学中.DSS人机接口技术及软件实现[J].计算机系统应用,1996(10):11-13.
[98]Fierbinteanu C.A Decision Support Systems Generator for Transportation Demand Forecasting Implemented by Constraint Logic Programming[J].Decision Support Systems,1999,26(3):179-194.
[99]Maturana S,Ferrer J C,Baranao F.Design and Implementation of an Optimization-Based Decision Support System Generator[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154(1):170-183.
[100]Rico M,Yuschak O,Taverna M L,et al.Decision Support Systems Generator for Industrial Companies[J].Computers & Industrial Engineering,1997,33(1-2):357-360.
[101]孙永生,孙军.一种通用的决策支持系统生成器[J].计算机应用研究,1994,11(4):34-35.
[102]王亚芬.决策支持系统生成器的分析与设计方法:一ROMC的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,1994,14(2):13-17.
[103]王宇,史永杰.一种决策支持系统生成器的设计与实现[J].大连海事大学学报(自然科学版),1999,25(3):89-92.
[104]夏克俭,聂维同.决策支持开发工具DSSG的模型与模型库管理[J].北京科技大学学报,1998,20(5):493-498.
[105]袁捷,陆菊康,邵伟民等.一个基于面向对象方法的智能决策支持系统生成器[J].计算机工程,2001,27(2):50-52.
[106]张家重,孙伯起.决策支持系统生成器DSSG的设计与分析[J].计算机系统应用,1994,(2):26-28.
[107]赵雄毅,瞿兆荣.通用决策支持系统生成器DSSG的实现[J].计算机应用, 1990,10(3):15-19.
[108]高原康彦,柴直树,陈晓红.Advances of DSS Development-General Systems Theory Approach[M].北京,经济科学出版社,2003.
[109]陈晓红,高原康彦.一种新的决策支持系统开发方法[J].系统工程,2000,18(4):58-63.
[110]Xiao Hong Chen,Yasuhiko Takahara,Mihajlo D.Mesarovic.A DSS Theory from Problem Solving Paradigm[J].Int.Journal of Information and Management Sciences,2000,11(3):57-70.
[111]Chen X H.A DSS theory from problem solving paradigm[J].International Journal of Information and Management Sciences,2000(5):125-131.
[112]陈晓红,严弟勇.基于面向对象思想的决策支持系统[J].中国有色金属学报,1998,8(1):178-182.
[113]陈晓红,徐兵.基于层次模型法的决策支持系统的应用[J].中南工业大学学报,2001,32(1):97-100.
[114]申文果,刘仲英.ROMC法与原型法相结合的DSS开发方法研究[J].现代化管理,1995(2):18-19.
[115]徐超汉,李剑汉.决策支持系统分析与设计方法[J].电脑,1994(9):9-11.
[116]孙龙清.基于OMT的快速原型法及其在决策支持系统开发中的应用[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(6):72-76.
[117]马君.基于UML的决策支持系统开发方法[J].统计与决策,2005(3):43-44.
[118]钟大伟,陈崇成,池天河,邓钟.基于UML的环境空间决策支持系统的分析与设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(12):2162-2165.
[119]涂建东,陈崇成,黄洪宇,张群洪.于J2EE的空间数据挖掘系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2005,25(3):710-716.
[120]李高和,张艳莉,石龙,李琪.基于XML的智能决策支持系统研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005(26):177-187.
[121]徐彤,李松,谢波.Visual Prolog在IDSS开发中的应用技术研究[J].科技论坛,2005(19):23-24.
[122]S.Raghunathan.A structured modeling based methodology to design decision support systems[J].Decision Support Systems,1996,17(4):299-312.
[123]管春,胡军,贾仁安.面向对象的决策支持系统结构建立方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004(3):188-190.
[124]CAO Yuan-dal,HU Jun,GUAN Chun.Method of Establishing Object-Oriented System Structure for Decision Support System.[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2002,11(3):312-315.
[125]黄景平,冯珊,周凯波.DFEM-IDSS的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2000(7):4 1-45.
[126]黄景平,唐超,冯珊,付莉红.一种智能决策支持系统的设计与实现[J].华中理工大学学报,1999,27(9):81-83.
[127]白劲波.基于组件技术的DSS开发方法研究[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2003,17(4):33-35.
[128]白劲波.组件技术在商业DSS中的应用研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2003.
[129]张家生,宁慧.一个基于组件技术的商业DSS设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究,2002(6):106-108.
[130]张家生,赵会群.基于组件的决策支持系统模型设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2002,22(2):24-27.
[131]黄桢.基于数据挖掘的智能决策支持系统[J].电脑知识与技术,2007(2):303-304,313.
[132]陈泓婕,杨炳儒,谢永红.基于信息挖掘的智能决策支持系统结构模型[J].计算机应用研究,2002,(11):11-13,26.
[133]苏占东,杨炳儒,游福成.基于信息挖掘的智能决策支持系统的结构设计[J],计算机应用研究,2005,(3):27-30.
[134]陈敏,蔡筱英.基于DW的DSS系统的设计与实施[J].情报学报,2003,22(5):597-601.
[135]宋旭东,刘晓冰,董丕明.基于数据仓库的决策支持系统体系结构[J].大连铁道学院学院学报,2004,25(2):50-53.
[136]施建强,刘晓平.数据-驱动DSS开发方法的研究[J].微计算机应用,2002,23(3):232-248.
[137]Shifeng Zhang,Steve Goddard.A software architecture and framework for Web-based distributed Decision Support Systems[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43(4):1133 - 1150.
[138]Carlson E,Sprague R H.Building Effective Decision Support Systems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ,USA:Prentice Hall College Div,1982.
[139]Sprague J R.A Framework for the Development of Decision Support Systems[J].MIS Quarterly,1980,4(4):1-26.
[140]Sergio Maturana,Juan-Carlos Ferrer,Francisco Bara-nao.Design and implementation of an optimization-based decision support system generator[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,154(1):170-183.
[141]P.Gazmuri,S.Maturana,Developing and implementing a production planning DSS for CTI using structured modeling[J].Interfaces,2001,31(4):22-36.
[142]刘宏,袁捷.一种基于Agent的决策支持系统生成器新框架[J].1999,25(12):65-67.
[143]王宇,史永杰,王晓锋.一种决策支持系统生成器的设计与实现[J].大连海事大学学报,1999,25(3):89-92.
[144]何晓雁,高衿畅.一个面向对象的决策支持系统生成器模型[J].内蒙古工业大学学报.1995,14(3):63-68.
[145]张大海.领域通用IDSS生成器及其设计方法[J].北京科技大学学报,1997,19(4):409-411.
[146]王亚芬.决策支持系统生成器的分析与设计方法-ROMC的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,1994(2):13-17.
[147]杜江,周济,肖人彬,田新时.基于面向对象模型的DSS实现方法[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,26(8):23-25.
[148]陈晓红.面向问题求解的决策支持系统[J].中南工业大学学报,1999,5(1):49-53.
[149]高济.基于知识的软件智能化技术[M],杭州,浙江大学出版社,2000.
[150]黄昌宁,赵海.中文分词十年回顾[J].中文信息学报,2007,21(3):8-19.
[151]黄昌宁,张小凤.自然语言处理技术的三个里程碑[J].外语教学与研究,2002,34(3):180-187.
[152]Levow,G.The Third International Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff:Word segmentation and named entity recognition[A].In:Proceedings of the Fifth SIGHAN Workshop on Chinese Language Processing[C].Sydney:July 2006,108-117.
[153]瞿锋,陈纪元.汉语自动分词算法综述[J].福建电脑,2006(4):23-25.
[154]张春霞,郝天永.汉语自动分词的研究现状与困难[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(1):138-143,147.
[155]刘晓英.汉语自动分词研究的发展趋势[J].高校图书馆工作.2005,25(108):25-28.
[156]文庭孝.汉语自动分词研究进展[J].图书与情报,2005(5):54-63.
[157]詹卫东.80年代以来汉语信息处理研究述评-作为现代汉语语法研究的应用背景之一[J].当代语言学,2000,2(2):63-73.
[158]邓文彬.最近20年来汉语句法分析方法研究述略[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2004,25(6):342-348.
[159]张亮,王树梅,黄河燕,张孝飞.面向中文问答系统的问句句法分析[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2006,41(3):30-33.
[160]孟遥,李生,赵铁军,曹海龙.四种基本统计句法分析模型在汉语句法分析中的性能比较[J].中文信息学报,2003,17(3):1-8.
[161]曹海龙.基于词汇化统计模型的汉语句法分析研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2006.
[162]周明,黄昌宁.面向语料库标注的汉语依存体系的探讨[J].中文信息学报,1993,8(3):35-52.
[163]刘伟权,王明会,钟义信.建立现代汉语依存关系的层次体系[J].中文信息学报,1994,10(2):32-46.
[164]郭艳华,周昌乐.一种汉语语句依存关系网分析策略与生成算法研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2000,27(6):637-644.
[165]胡东波,陈晓红,胡东滨.面向决策的知识管理系统开发组件研究[J].计算机工程,2006,32(7):46-48.
[166]Jim Farley.Microsoft.NET vs.J2EE:How Do They Stack Up?[EB/OL].http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/java/news/farley_0800.html,2000-8-1.
[167]Chad Vawter,Ed Roman June.J2EE vs.Microsoft.NET-A comparison of building XML-based web services[EB/OL].http://www.theserverside.com/tt/articles/article.tss?l=J2EE-vs-DOTNET,2001.
[168]张春光.J2EE与.NET的比较[EB/OL].http://bz.baoan.net.cn/bzblog/user_files/bzl67/archives/2008/334.html.2008-4-28.
[169]周顽,谢清.J2EE与.NET技术平台分析比较[J].软件导刊,2007(3):57-58.
[170]方忠祥.J2EE与NET平台体系架构的比较研究[J].机电工程技术,2005,34(4):19-20.
[171]孙卿,滕远道,徐明毅.Microsoft.NET和J2EE的构成技术与比较[J].微机发展,2004,14(4):90-93.
[172]陈晓红,关健等.中国主要矿产资源保障程度和开发利用战略决策分析研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2003,.23(6):1-6.
[173]我国金属矿产资源保障程度与开发利用程度科技发展战略课题组.我国金 属矿产资源保障程度与开发利用程度科技发展战略研究[R].北京:中国有色金属工业协会,2003.
[174]杨学昌,王晓辉.我国技术创新体系建设中存在的问题与对策[J].经济师,2005(8):26-27
[175]王春法.关于国家创新体系理论的思考[J].中国软科学,2003(5):99-104.
[176]刘群,张华平,俞鸿魁,程学旗.基于层叠隐马模型的汉语词法分析[J].计算机研究与发展,2004,41(8):1422-1429.