北京地铁7号线双井站PBA工法施工过程有限元模拟
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摘要
我国大城市交通紧张状况在改革开放初期就已呈现出来。目前各大城市道路交通条件严重恶化,车均道路面积每年以10%-15%的速度下跌。因此,发展城市快速轨道交通,在市中心区建地下铁道,以代替地面汽车交通,不仅可以缓解地面道路阻塞和居民乘车难的问题,还可以节约能源和土地资源,有利于城市环境保护。但是,随着经济的发展,市中心区地下空间也越来越紧张,各种地下管线,地下构筑物,特别是高楼大厦的地下室和基础正在不断地占领地下空间,导致地下铁道建设空间不足,为了解决这一问题,设计人员不断更新地铁车站和区间结构形式,相应的施工技术不断进步,新的施工方法随之出现并以较快的速度发展,浅埋暗挖洞桩法就是其中很有代表性的一种工法。这种工法在传统浅埋暗挖分部法的基础上综合了盖挖法的特点,并且灵活多变,适应性很强。目前这种施工方法在北京、沈阳等地的地铁建设中广泛应用,并且得到了迅速的发展,这些工程实例充分证明,在软岩或土质地层条件的情况下进行浅埋大断面开挖,采用PBA工法是有效可行的,并且值得深入研究和广泛推广。但是,目前针对这一工法的理论研究还不够深入,对于它的工作机理以及适用条件的理论分析还不够详细。这对于该工法的进一步发展和推广是非常不利的。
本文主要是依据目前地下结构设计及计算理论中的地层结构法,以有限差分法为计算手段,借助MIDAS/GTS数值计算模拟软件,针对浅埋暗挖洞桩法的自身工法特点进行了施工过程模拟。通过对计算结果的处理和分析得出了各主要施工阶段,地层的位移变化规律,地层应力变化规律,并且与实际的监测数据进行对比,得出各施工阶段地层位移对地下管线的影响。本研究的结论可对今后浅埋暗挖洞桩法设计与施工具有一定的理论指导意义。
The big city traffic tension problem has appeared in the early reform and opening up days.Currently, the traffic condition of big cities are getting worse, the average road areas of cars are falling down by the speed of 10%-15% per year.Therefore,develop the city fast railway transportation,build the underground railway in the downtown area, in replace of the ground automobile traffic,it can not only ease the ground road obstruction and the residents transportation problem,but also can save energy and land resources,and also be benefit for the city environmental protection.But,with the economic development,the underground space in the downtown area are getting less and less,many kinds of underground pipelines, underground structures,especially the basement and the foundations of the high buildings and large mansions are occupying the underground space,which brings about the insufficient space problem of the underground railway construction.In order to solve this problem,the designers are updating the structure form of the subway stations and the subway intervals, improve the corresponding technology appeared and developed with a high speed.The PBA method is a representative one. This method synthesized the cover excavation method's characteristics in basis of the traditional shallow buried excavation method, which is not only agile and changeable but also adaptable.At present,this construction technology is widely used in the construction of the Beijing and Shenyang underground railway,and developed with a high speed.These engineering examples sufficiently proof the truth that in the condition of soft rock or soil strata,the PBA technology is effective and feasible for the shallow buried and large section excavation.It is worth in-depth research and widely promoted.But at present,the theoretical research of its working mechanism and applicable condition is not detailed,which is adverse for the development and promotion of this construction technology.
This article is mainly according to the strata structure method which is among the present underground structure design and calculation theory,at the means of finite difference method, with the numerical simulation the construction process which is aiming at the PBA method's characteristic. Through the processing and analysis of the calculation results, we can conclude the stratigraphic displacement change rule,the stratigraphic stress change rule,then contrast with the actual testing data which can get the conclusion of the influence of underground pipeline which caused by the construction stage.The conclusion of this research may become a theoretical guidance of the design and construction of the PBA technology.
本文主要是依据目前地下结构设计及计算理论中的地层结构法,以有限差分法为计算手段,借助MIDAS/GTS数值计算模拟软件,针对浅埋暗挖洞桩法的自身工法特点进行了施工过程模拟。通过对计算结果的处理和分析得出了各主要施工阶段,地层的位移变化规律,地层应力变化规律,并且与实际的监测数据进行对比,得出各施工阶段地层位移对地下管线的影响。本研究的结论可对今后浅埋暗挖洞桩法设计与施工具有一定的理论指导意义。
The big city traffic tension problem has appeared in the early reform and opening up days.Currently, the traffic condition of big cities are getting worse, the average road areas of cars are falling down by the speed of 10%-15% per year.Therefore,develop the city fast railway transportation,build the underground railway in the downtown area, in replace of the ground automobile traffic,it can not only ease the ground road obstruction and the residents transportation problem,but also can save energy and land resources,and also be benefit for the city environmental protection.But,with the economic development,the underground space in the downtown area are getting less and less,many kinds of underground pipelines, underground structures,especially the basement and the foundations of the high buildings and large mansions are occupying the underground space,which brings about the insufficient space problem of the underground railway construction.In order to solve this problem,the designers are updating the structure form of the subway stations and the subway intervals, improve the corresponding technology appeared and developed with a high speed.The PBA method is a representative one. This method synthesized the cover excavation method's characteristics in basis of the traditional shallow buried excavation method, which is not only agile and changeable but also adaptable.At present,this construction technology is widely used in the construction of the Beijing and Shenyang underground railway,and developed with a high speed.These engineering examples sufficiently proof the truth that in the condition of soft rock or soil strata,the PBA technology is effective and feasible for the shallow buried and large section excavation.It is worth in-depth research and widely promoted.But at present,the theoretical research of its working mechanism and applicable condition is not detailed,which is adverse for the development and promotion of this construction technology.
This article is mainly according to the strata structure method which is among the present underground structure design and calculation theory,at the means of finite difference method, with the numerical simulation the construction process which is aiming at the PBA method's characteristic. Through the processing and analysis of the calculation results, we can conclude the stratigraphic displacement change rule,the stratigraphic stress change rule,then contrast with the actual testing data which can get the conclusion of the influence of underground pipeline which caused by the construction stage.The conclusion of this research may become a theoretical guidance of the design and construction of the PBA technology.
引文
[1]施仲衡主编.地下铁道设计与施工[M].陕西科学技术出版社,2006.5
[2]门玉明,王启耀主编.地下建筑结构[M].人民交通出版社,2007.1
[3]管诚.地铁PBA工法地层位移及土与结构相互作用分析[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.6
[4]刘国生.沈阳某地铁车站浅埋暗挖洞桩法三维数值分析[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2008.5
[5]周伟.PBA工法施工对临近桥桩和上覆管线的影响及其力学机理分析[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.12
[6]李业龙.地铁隧道洞桩法施工对邻近桥基影响的时间效应分析[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.12
[7]张国碧,李家稳,郭建波.我国地铁的发展现状及展望[J].山西建筑,2010.11
[8]孙军振.PBA洞桩法施工技术-以北京地铁为例[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008.9
[9]黄广锴.PBA工法在北京地铁10号线区问超大断面隧道施工中的应用[J].天津：铁道标准设计
[10]王海彦,宓荣三,周法军.PBA工法在北京地铁10号线中的应用[J].路基工程,2009
[11]史继尧,刘招伟,余永强.PBA施工对地表沉降影响的数值模拟[J].低温建筑技术,2010
[12]赵伟.暗挖车站PBA工法结构—土共同作用下的计算方法探讨[J].现代城市轨道交通,2009
[13]张爱军,郭永军,张大牛,李峰.北京地铁10号线苏州街车站“PBA”洞桩法施工技术[J].铁道标准设计,2008
[14]倪飞.大跨隧道采用洞桩法新思路[J].科技交流,2009
[15]董小龙.单侧墙体支架体系在PBA工法暗挖车站的应用[J].山西建筑,2009
[16]李晓霖.地铁车站PBA工法的数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007
[17]周文海.浅埋暗挖地铁区间隧道PBA施工技术研究[J].铁道标准设计,2007
[18]董小龙.青年大街站PBA工法大跨扣拱关键技术[J].山西建筑,2009
[19]中华人民共和国国家标准.地铁设计规范(GB20157-2003)[S].北京：中国计划出版社,2003
[20]中华人民共和国铁道部标准.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003-2001)[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001
[21]高毓才主编.建设中的北京地铁——地铁“复-八”线[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1999
[22]吴红兵,余暄平.上海地铁二号线静安寺站半逆筑法施工技术[M].地下空间,第18卷增刊
[23]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995
[24]李夕兵,冯涛.岩石地下建筑工程[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1999
[25]孙钧,侯学渊主编.地下结构(上册)[M].北京：科学出版社,1987
[26]孙钧,侯学渊主编.地下结构(下册)[M].北京：科学出版社,1991
[27]徐思淑.岩石地下建筑设计与构造[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1981
[28]张庆贺,朱合华.土木工程专业毕业设计指南隧道及地下工程分册[M]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社,1999
[29]同济大学、天津大学等六单位编.土层地下建筑结构[M].上海：同济大学地下系翻印
[30]彭立敏,刘小兵.交通隧道工程[M].长沙：中南大学出版社,2003
[31]王毅才主编.隧道工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[32]陈建平,吴立.地下建筑工程设计与施工[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2000
[33]图鸿宾,张金彪,那允伟.地下世界[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[34]高谦,罗旭等编.现代岩土施工技术[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2006
[35]景诗庭,朱全永,宋玉香.隧道结构可靠度[M].中国铁道出版社,2002
[36]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2003
[37]龚维明,童小东等.地下结构工程[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2004
[38]李晓红.隧道新奥法及测量技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[39]谢康和,周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[40]阎盛海.地下结构抗震[M].大连：大连理工大学出版社,1989
[41]赵阳,方有珍,孙静怡.荷载与结构设计方法[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2001
[42]朱合华主编.地下建筑结构[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[43]张庆贺,朱合华,黄宏伟.地下工程[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2005
[44]J.T.Eward. Civil Engineering for Underground Rail Transport [M]. Botterworths, 1990
[45]J.E.Friant. Mixshield Masters Difficult Conditions in Mulheim [M]. World Tunnelling,1995.5
[46]R.E.Hunt.Geotechnical Engineering Analysisi and Evaluation. [M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company,1986
[47]R.J.Foster.Physical Geology. [M]. Charles.E.Merrill Publishing Company,1983
[48]Chen W F. Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete [M]. McGran-Hill Book Company, New York,1982
[49]N. S. Ottosen. A Failure Criterion for Concrete [J]. ASCE,1977
[50]Park R, Paulay T. Reinforced Concrete Srructures [M]. John Wiley and Son Inc,New York,1975
[51]Stuart S.J.Moy.Plastic Methods for Steel and Concrete Structures [M]. The Machillan Press LTD,1981
[2]门玉明,王启耀主编.地下建筑结构[M].人民交通出版社,2007.1
[3]管诚.地铁PBA工法地层位移及土与结构相互作用分析[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.6
[4]刘国生.沈阳某地铁车站浅埋暗挖洞桩法三维数值分析[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2008.5
[5]周伟.PBA工法施工对临近桥桩和上覆管线的影响及其力学机理分析[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.12
[6]李业龙.地铁隧道洞桩法施工对邻近桥基影响的时间效应分析[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.12
[7]张国碧,李家稳,郭建波.我国地铁的发展现状及展望[J].山西建筑,2010.11
[8]孙军振.PBA洞桩法施工技术-以北京地铁为例[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008.9
[9]黄广锴.PBA工法在北京地铁10号线区问超大断面隧道施工中的应用[J].天津：铁道标准设计
[10]王海彦,宓荣三,周法军.PBA工法在北京地铁10号线中的应用[J].路基工程,2009
[11]史继尧,刘招伟,余永强.PBA施工对地表沉降影响的数值模拟[J].低温建筑技术,2010
[12]赵伟.暗挖车站PBA工法结构—土共同作用下的计算方法探讨[J].现代城市轨道交通,2009
[13]张爱军,郭永军,张大牛,李峰.北京地铁10号线苏州街车站“PBA”洞桩法施工技术[J].铁道标准设计,2008
[14]倪飞.大跨隧道采用洞桩法新思路[J].科技交流,2009
[15]董小龙.单侧墙体支架体系在PBA工法暗挖车站的应用[J].山西建筑,2009
[16]李晓霖.地铁车站PBA工法的数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007
[17]周文海.浅埋暗挖地铁区间隧道PBA施工技术研究[J].铁道标准设计,2007
[18]董小龙.青年大街站PBA工法大跨扣拱关键技术[J].山西建筑,2009
[19]中华人民共和国国家标准.地铁设计规范(GB20157-2003)[S].北京：中国计划出版社,2003
[20]中华人民共和国铁道部标准.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003-2001)[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001
[21]高毓才主编.建设中的北京地铁——地铁“复-八”线[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1999
[22]吴红兵,余暄平.上海地铁二号线静安寺站半逆筑法施工技术[M].地下空间,第18卷增刊
[23]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995
[24]李夕兵,冯涛.岩石地下建筑工程[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1999
[25]孙钧,侯学渊主编.地下结构(上册)[M].北京：科学出版社,1987
[26]孙钧,侯学渊主编.地下结构(下册)[M].北京：科学出版社,1991
[27]徐思淑.岩石地下建筑设计与构造[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1981
[28]张庆贺,朱合华.土木工程专业毕业设计指南隧道及地下工程分册[M]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社,1999
[29]同济大学、天津大学等六单位编.土层地下建筑结构[M].上海：同济大学地下系翻印
[30]彭立敏,刘小兵.交通隧道工程[M].长沙：中南大学出版社,2003
[31]王毅才主编.隧道工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[32]陈建平,吴立.地下建筑工程设计与施工[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2000
[33]图鸿宾,张金彪,那允伟.地下世界[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[34]高谦,罗旭等编.现代岩土施工技术[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2006
[35]景诗庭,朱全永,宋玉香.隧道结构可靠度[M].中国铁道出版社,2002
[36]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2003
[37]龚维明,童小东等.地下结构工程[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2004
[38]李晓红.隧道新奥法及测量技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[39]谢康和,周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[40]阎盛海.地下结构抗震[M].大连：大连理工大学出版社,1989
[41]赵阳,方有珍,孙静怡.荷载与结构设计方法[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2001
[42]朱合华主编.地下建筑结构[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[43]张庆贺,朱合华,黄宏伟.地下工程[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2005
[44]J.T.Eward. Civil Engineering for Underground Rail Transport [M]. Botterworths, 1990
[45]J.E.Friant. Mixshield Masters Difficult Conditions in Mulheim [M]. World Tunnelling,1995.5
[46]R.E.Hunt.Geotechnical Engineering Analysisi and Evaluation. [M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company,1986
[47]R.J.Foster.Physical Geology. [M]. Charles.E.Merrill Publishing Company,1983
[48]Chen W F. Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete [M]. McGran-Hill Book Company, New York,1982
[49]N. S. Ottosen. A Failure Criterion for Concrete [J]. ASCE,1977
[50]Park R, Paulay T. Reinforced Concrete Srructures [M]. John Wiley and Son Inc,New York,1975
[51]Stuart S.J.Moy.Plastic Methods for Steel and Concrete Structures [M]. The Machillan Press LTD,1981