不同起搏模式对心脏影响的探讨
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摘要
目的病态窦房结综合征患者起搏器植入后,观察心脏血液动力学指标的变化,以探讨不同起搏模式对心功能的长期影响。方法经临床食管心房调搏动态心电图和运动试验确诊病态窦房结综合征患者,择期植入永久双腔起搏器,随机植入AAI起搏器(n=92例)DDD起搏器(n=93例),采用心脏超声观察185例病态窦房结综合征患者术前,术后1、2、5年的左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)及左室射血分数(LVEF)的变化;术后1,2及5年程控起搏器观察DDD起搏组右室起搏累积百分比(VP%)。比较两种起搏方式对左心功能的影响及右室起搏累积百分比与心功能变化的关系。结果AAI起搏组术前,术后1、2、5年随访的LVEDV,LVESV及LVEF比较无统计学差异,DDD起搏组第5年随访的LVESV明显增加(F=42.07,p<0.05),LVEF降低(F=6.78,P<0.05),有统计学差异。术后5年DDD起搏组高VP%使LVESV明显增加(p<0.05),LVEF降低(P<0.05)。结论DDD起搏高比例的右室起搏将房室同步性的优势全部抵消。DDD起搏并非生理性起搏,长期DDD起搏可对患者的左心功能造成损害。
Objective To investigate different pacing modes on the long-term effects of cardiac function. Methods 185 patients with SSS in terms of clinical manifestation, Holter and Esophageal atrial pacing underwent the different pacing. The Left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)? Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were measured by the echocardiography before and after implantation of pacemaker and follow-up 1-5 years. Program-controlled observation DDD pacemaker to observe Percentage of right ventricular pacing(VP %) after implantation. Among them,92 cases were implanted with AAI pacemaker, and 93 cases with DDD pacemaker. Result The indexes of structural remodeling and percentage of right ventricular pacing (VP %)were increased(P<0.05), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) significantly decreased(P<0.05)in DDD cases after follow-up 1-5 years. Conclusion DDD pacing is not physiological pacing, which can be long-term in patients with left ventricular function damage.
Objective To investigate different pacing modes on the long-term effects of cardiac function. Methods 185 patients with SSS in terms of clinical manifestation, Holter and Esophageal atrial pacing underwent the different pacing. The Left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)? Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were measured by the echocardiography before and after implantation of pacemaker and follow-up 1-5 years. Program-controlled observation DDD pacemaker to observe Percentage of right ventricular pacing(VP %) after implantation. Among them,92 cases were implanted with AAI pacemaker, and 93 cases with DDD pacemaker. Result The indexes of structural remodeling and percentage of right ventricular pacing (VP %)were increased(P<0.05), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) significantly decreased(P<0.05)in DDD cases after follow-up 1-5 years. Conclusion DDD pacing is not physiological pacing, which can be long-term in patients with left ventricular function damage.
引文
[1] Bernstein AD,Parsonnet V.Survey of Cardiac Pacing in the United States in 1993 .Am J Cardiol .1996,78:187-196.
[2]中华医学会心电生理和起搏分会、中国生物医学工程学会起搏与电生理会.全国心脏起搏器和埋葬式心脏复律除颤器临床应用调查.中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志.1998,12;175-176.
[3]《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》编辑部、中国生物医学工程学会心脏起搏电生理分会.心脏碎死的防治建议(续).中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志.2003,17;5-6
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[5] Rosenqvist M,Brandt J,Schuller H. Long term pacing in sinus node disease:Effects of stimulation mode on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Am Heart J.1988,116:16-22.
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[14] node disease: Comparative effects of atrial and ventricular pacing. PACE. 1990,13 :2076-2079.
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[18] Witt J,Knorre G,Volkmann H,et al. Survival rate in patients with sick sinus syndrome in AAI/DDD vs VVI pacing. PACE. 1991,14 :680A.
[19] Hesselson AB,Parsonnet V,Bernstein AD,et al. Deleterious effects of long term single chamber ventricular pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome:The hidden benefits of dual chamber pacing. J Am Coll Cardio1. 1992,19:1542-1549.
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[26]郑哲、潘秀荣、王苏加等.心室激动顺序对生理性心脏起搏血液动力学影响的临床研究.中华心律失常学杂志.1997,1;22-28.
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[35] Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, et al. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial. JAMA, 2002;288:3115-31
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[2]中华医学会心电生理和起搏分会、中国生物医学工程学会起搏与电生理会.全国心脏起搏器和埋葬式心脏复律除颤器临床应用调查.中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志.1998,12;175-176.
[3]《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》编辑部、中国生物医学工程学会心脏起搏电生理分会.心脏碎死的防治建议(续).中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志.2003,17;5-6
[4] Rosenqvist M,Brandt J,Schuller H. Atrial versus ventricular pacing in sinus node disease :A treatment comparison study. Am Heart J .1986,111:292-297.
[5] Rosenqvist M,Brandt J,Schuller H. Long term pacing in sinus node disease:Effects of stimulation mode on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Am Heart J.1988,116:16-22.
[6] Markewitz A,Schad N,Hemmer W,et al. What is the most appropriate stimulation mode in patients with sinus node dysfunction? PACE. 1986,9: 1115- 1120
[7] Alpert MA,Curbs JJ,Sanfelippo JF,et al. Comparative survival following permanent ventricular and dual chamber pacing for patients with chronic symptomatic sinus node dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. Am Heart J. 1987,113 :958- 965.
[8] Sasaki Y,Shimotori M,Akahane K,et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with sick sinus syndrome: A comparison of clinical aspects among unpaced,ventricular inhibited paced,and physiologically paced groups.PACE.1988,11:1575-1583.
[9] Santini M,Alexidou G,Ansalone G,et al .Relation of prognosis in sick sinus syndrome to age,conduction defects and modes of permanent pacing. Am J Cardiol .1990,65:729-735.
[10] Bianconi L,Boccadamo R,Di Florio A,et al .Atrial versus ventricular stimulation in sick sinus syndrome:Effects on morbidity .and mortality.PACE. 1989,12:1236A.
[11] Feuer JM,Shandling AH,Messenger JC. Influence of cardiac pacing mode on the long-term development of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1989,64: 1367-1379.
[12] Sethi KK,Bajaj V,Mohan JC,et al. Comparison of atrial and VVI pacing modes in symptomatic sinus node dysfunction without associated tachyarrhythmias. Indian Br Heart J. 1990,42:143-147.
[13] Zanini R,Facchinetti A,Gallo G,et al. Morbidity and mortality of patients with sinus
[14] node disease: Comparative effects of atrial and ventricular pacing. PACE. 1990,13 :2076-2079.
[15] Grimm W,Langenfeld H,Bernahard M,et al. Symptoms,cardiovascular risk profile and spontaneous ECG in paced patients: A five year follow up study. PACE. 1990,13 ; 2086-2090.
[16] Stangl K,Seitz K,Wirtfeld A,et al. Difference between atrial single chamber pacing(AAI)and ventricular single chamber pacing(VVI)with respect to prognosis and antiarrhythmic effect in patients with sick sinus syndrome. PACE. 1990 ,13 :2080-2085.
[17] Kosakai Y,Ohe T,Kamakura S,et al.Long term follow up of incidence of embolism in sick sinus syndrome after pacing. PACE. 1991,14:680 (abstract)
[18] Witt J,Knorre G,Volkmann H,et al. Survival rate in patients with sick sinus syndrome in AAI/DDD vs VVI pacing. PACE. 1991,14 :680A.
[19] Hesselson AB,Parsonnet V,Bernstein AD,et al. Deleterious effects of long term single chamber ventricular pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome:The hidden benefits of dual chamber pacing. J Am Coll Cardio1. 1992,19:1542-1549.
[20] Sgarbossa E,Pinski S,Maloney J. The role of pacing modality in determining long term survival in the sick sinus syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1993,119:359-365.
[21] Lamas GA,Pashos CL,Normand SLT et al. Permanent pacemaker selection and subsequent survival in elderly Medicare pacemaker recipients. Circulation .1995,91:1063-1069.
[22] Andersen HR,Thuesen L,Bagger JP,et al. Prospective randomized trial of atria versus ventricular pacing in sick sinus syndrome. Lancet. 1994,44:1523-1528.
[23] Charles R. kerr,MD,Stuart J. Connolly,MD,Hoshar Abdollah,MB ChBetal. Canadian Trial of Physiological Pacing Effects of Physiological Pacing During Long Term Follow up. Circulation. 2004,109 :357一362.
[24] Gervasio A. Lamas,Kerry L. Lee,et al.Ventricular pacing or dual chamber facing for sinus node dysfunction.Nengl J med2002,346:1854-1862.
[25] L Kristen,J C Nieln,P T Mortensen,et al. Incidence of atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism in a randomised trial versus dual chamber pacing in 177 patients with sick sinus syndrome. Heart. 2004,90 ; 661-666.
[26]郑哲、潘秀荣、王苏加等.心室激动顺序对生理性心脏起搏血液动力学影响的临床研究.中华心律失常学杂志.1997,1;22-28.
[27] Ihlen H,Myture E,Andre JP,et al. Changes in left ventricular stroke volume measured by Doppler echocardiography[J]. Br Heart J,1995,54:378-381.
[28] Andersen, Henning Rud; Nielsen, Jens Cosedis, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients from a randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing for sick-sinus syndrome. Lancet, 350(9086):1210-1216, October 25, 1997.
[29]汤宝鹏,周贤惠,马依彤,等. AAI及DDD起搏对左心功能影响的远期效果评价[J].中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志,2004,18: 239.
[30] Flaker, Greenspon, et al.Mode Selection Trial (MOST) Investigators Death in patients with permanent pacemakers for sick sinus syndrome.American Heart Journal. 146(5):887-893,November 2003.
[31] Brian O, John DD, Stephen M, et al. Is Dual-Chamber Programming Inferior to Single-Chamber Programming in an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator? Results of the INTRINSIC RV (Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing With AVSH in ICDs)Study [J].Circulation,2007,115:9-16.
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