铅山河生态基流确定及生态调度模型初步研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的发展,污水的排放导致了河流的生态功能下降,中小型水电站建设项目与日俱增,促使了河道不能满足正常的生态基流。如何保证河道生态系统所需适宜的水量和河流生态系统的健康是目前急需解决的问题。为此,本文通过对铅山河生态基流问题进行了相关研究。
本文首先了解了国内外对河道内生态环境需水量的研究进展,同时在此基础上,总结出了当前生态基流研究所存在的问题,并探讨了生态基流的相关概念、计算方法及每种方法的优缺点。本文通过最小月平均流量法、生态水力半径法和Tennant法来计算出铅山河道生态基流,分别为3.25m3/s、4.90m3/s和5.42m3/s,经分析最终确定铅山河生态基流为5.42m3/s。
然后通过铅山河河道生态基流研究结果,进行了对铅山河水资源合理配置,分析了影响铅山河生态基流的主要因素,包括铅山灌区、高店水库和其它因素,并分析了这些因素对生态基流盈缺问题产生的影响。解决这些问题是满足铅山河生态基流的保障。
最后,本文建立了铅山河生态调度模型,通过选择丰水年、平水年、枯水年按不同频率计算出高店水库的生态需水量以及调节结果。最后从合理配置水资源、节约水资源、河道污水排放、城镇污水回收利用等措施来保障铅山河河道生态基流。
With the development of our national economy, sewage discharge made the ecological function of rivers decrease.Meanwhile,as the projects of medium and small hydropower stations grow day by day, the river channel become unable to meet the normal ecological base flow.Therefore, how to guarantee the proper water volume for the river ecological system, how to ensure a healthy river ecosystem,these are urgent problems at present.Based on the base flow problems of Yan-shan river,this paper does related research.
Firstly,this paper analyzes the research progress of the water demand of the eco-environment in the water couse at home and abroad.Based on it, it sums out the present ecological environment problems of the water demand,meanwhile, discusses the related concept of ecological base flow, the method of calculation and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. By the method of minimum monthly average flow,the ecological hydraulic radius method and the Tennant method,this article calculates the ecological base flow of lead mountain river.They are 3.25 m3/s,4.90 m3/s and 5.42 m3/s,and then it concludes that the ecological base flow of the Yan-shan river is 5.42 m3/s.
Secondly,based on the river ecological base flow,this article makes the reasonable allocation of water resources of the Yan-shan river.It analyzes the main factors which influence the base ecological flow of the the Yan-shan river, including lead irrigation, high mountain store reservoir and other factors.And it also analyzes the influence that arises from the ecological base flow surplus and lack problems.In order to meet the protection of the ecological base flow of the Yan-shan river solving these problems is very important.
Finally, this paper establishes ecological scheduling model of the Yan-shan river.By choosing typical year, wet and dry year, flat water year, it calculates the reservoir ecological water demand of high shop and the adjusting results.In the end, it ensures the ecological rivers base flow of Yan-shan river from the reasonable allocation of water resources, water saving, using river sewage, urban wastewater recycling utilization and other measures.
本文首先了解了国内外对河道内生态环境需水量的研究进展,同时在此基础上,总结出了当前生态基流研究所存在的问题,并探讨了生态基流的相关概念、计算方法及每种方法的优缺点。本文通过最小月平均流量法、生态水力半径法和Tennant法来计算出铅山河道生态基流,分别为3.25m3/s、4.90m3/s和5.42m3/s,经分析最终确定铅山河生态基流为5.42m3/s。
然后通过铅山河河道生态基流研究结果,进行了对铅山河水资源合理配置,分析了影响铅山河生态基流的主要因素,包括铅山灌区、高店水库和其它因素,并分析了这些因素对生态基流盈缺问题产生的影响。解决这些问题是满足铅山河生态基流的保障。
最后,本文建立了铅山河生态调度模型,通过选择丰水年、平水年、枯水年按不同频率计算出高店水库的生态需水量以及调节结果。最后从合理配置水资源、节约水资源、河道污水排放、城镇污水回收利用等措施来保障铅山河河道生态基流。
With the development of our national economy, sewage discharge made the ecological function of rivers decrease.Meanwhile,as the projects of medium and small hydropower stations grow day by day, the river channel become unable to meet the normal ecological base flow.Therefore, how to guarantee the proper water volume for the river ecological system, how to ensure a healthy river ecosystem,these are urgent problems at present.Based on the base flow problems of Yan-shan river,this paper does related research.
Firstly,this paper analyzes the research progress of the water demand of the eco-environment in the water couse at home and abroad.Based on it, it sums out the present ecological environment problems of the water demand,meanwhile, discusses the related concept of ecological base flow, the method of calculation and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. By the method of minimum monthly average flow,the ecological hydraulic radius method and the Tennant method,this article calculates the ecological base flow of lead mountain river.They are 3.25 m3/s,4.90 m3/s and 5.42 m3/s,and then it concludes that the ecological base flow of the Yan-shan river is 5.42 m3/s.
Secondly,based on the river ecological base flow,this article makes the reasonable allocation of water resources of the Yan-shan river.It analyzes the main factors which influence the base ecological flow of the the Yan-shan river, including lead irrigation, high mountain store reservoir and other factors.And it also analyzes the influence that arises from the ecological base flow surplus and lack problems.In order to meet the protection of the ecological base flow of the Yan-shan river solving these problems is very important.
Finally, this paper establishes ecological scheduling model of the Yan-shan river.By choosing typical year, wet and dry year, flat water year, it calculates the reservoir ecological water demand of high shop and the adjusting results.In the end, it ensures the ecological rivers base flow of Yan-shan river from the reasonable allocation of water resources, water saving, using river sewage, urban wastewater recycling utilization and other measures.
引文
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