沧州市不同盐碱地及主要树种离子分布特征研究
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摘要
本文通过对沧州市四种不同盐碱地树种调查,分析了树种分布规律,测定了不同盐分浓度胁迫下土壤和不同树种体内盐分离子含量,并对土壤离子采用主因素分析,对树种离子含量进行了相关性分析,由此得出以下结论:
1不同盐碱区林木树种共有24个科,37个属,52个种。不同盐碱区分布的树种为包含关系,即除白刺除外,在高盐碱区分布的树种,在低盐碱区均有分布。林木种数随着各区域盐分浓度的增大,盐胁迫的加强,而逐渐减少,且盐分浓度越大,树种减少的越多,下降的趋势越明显。
2不同盐碱度区域土壤中总盐分、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量,随着区域盐分浓度的升高,而迅速提高,但不同离子升高幅度不同,Na~+含量的增幅也最大。通过对土壤盐分离子的主因素分析,只有总盐和Na~+的特征根大于1,特征值分别为3.701和1.044,累计方差贡献率达94.889%。说明影响土壤盐碱度的高低的因素主要取决于总盐和Na~+的含量。
3随着盐胁迫增强,各树种体内的Na~+含量均呈明显上升趋势;K~+的含量先上升,在重盐碱区又有所下降;Ca~(2+)的含量呈下降趋势;Mg~(2+)的含量变化趋势不太明显,总体表现为缓慢下降的趋势。在盐胁迫下,各树种根系中Na~+含量明显高于茎叶,茎叶中K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的含量明显高于根系。
随着盐浓度提高,不同树种不同器官中Na~+/K~+、Na~+/Ca~(2+)和Na~+/Mg~(2+)比值呈上升趋势,但在不同树种不同器官中上升幅度不同,根系明显高于茎、叶,柽柳、白榆、紫穗槐、白蜡、家桑明显高于其他树种。各树种RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na值均随着盐分浓度的增加而提高,但是提高的幅度不同。在重盐碱区,柽柳、白榆、紫穗槐、白蜡、家桑的RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na值高于沙枣、苦楝等树种。
4不同盐碱区树种根系中Na~+含量与茎、叶中的Na~+之间存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01),说明根部控制Na~+进入植物体的最关键的环节,同时控制着运往植物体茎、叶中Na~+浓度;根系中与茎中的K~+含量、茎中与叶中的K~+含量之间均存在显著正相关性(P<0.05),这说明根系吸收的K~+较多地运往地上部,这对维持植株正常的生理功能具有重要作用,而叶片生长需要的K~+,则是从茎中运输,K~+是可移动性元素,向新生组织运输的特性;根系中与茎、叶中的Ca~(2+)含量之间均存在显著正相关性(P<0.05)。
各树种根系中Na~+含量与K~+含量之间存在显著负相关性(P<0.05),与Ca~(2+)含量之间存在极显著负相关性(P<0.01);茎中K~+含量与Ca~(2+)含量之间存在显著正相关性(P<0.05),Ca~(2+)含量与Mg~(2+)含量之间存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01);叶片中仅Na~+含量与Mg~(2+)含量之间存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。说明随着盐分胁迫的加强,K~+、Ca~(2+)均能抑制根系中Na~+的吸收,缓解植株的盐胁迫;茎作为一个离子的传导组织,本身对离子没有积累作用;Mg~(2+)是植物的营养元素,与叶绿素合成和分解有重要的联系,所以当叶片中Na~+含量增加,植物受到盐分胁迫,此时叶片中Mg~(2+)含量升高有利于增强植株叶片的光合作用,从而增强植株的耐盐性。
Through surveying on the tree species of the four different saline-alkali soil in Cangzhou city, this paper analyzed the distribution of tree species, and measured at the salt ion contents of salt stress on the soil and different tree species. And studied on the ion content of the soil and tree species by methods of the main factor and correlation analysis.The results were as follows:
1 The tree species included 52 species,37 genera,and 24 families.The tree species of distribution in different saline-alkali soil had being inclusion relations.That is,except of Nitraria schoberi,all the tree species in the high-saline area was contained in low-saline area. As the saline-alkali degree increased and the salt stress strengthened,the amount of the tree species were gradually reduced.And the greater the saline-alkali degree increased, the more obvious downward trend.
2 As the saline-alkali degree increased,the content of total salt, Na~+,K~+,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in the different saline-alkali soil rapidly rising,but the increased rate of ions were different,and the Na~+ content was the largest increase.Through the main factor analyzed on the soil salt ions,only the eigenvalue of total salt and Na~+ was greater than 1,the eigenvalues were 3.701 and 1.044,respectively,the cumulative variance contribution rate was over 94.889%.It showed that the factors which influenced the level of soil saline-alkali degree depended mainly on the content of the total salt and Na~+.
3 With the salt stress enhanced,the content of Na~+ showed obviously increasing trend in the body of the tree species.The content of K~+ rised in the first,and then declined in the high-saline area. The content of Ca~(2+) showed the downward trend always. The content change of Mg~(2+) showed was not clear,the overall performanced for the slow downward trend.Under salt stress, the content of Na~+ of the roots of the tree species was significantly higher than stems and leaves,but the content of K~+,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in the stems and leaves was significantly higher than the roots.
As the salt concentration increased,the ratio of Na~+/K~+,Na~+/Ca~(2+) and Na~+/Mg~(2+) was being the upward trend,but the increased range was different in different organs or in different species.That is, the root was significantly higher than stems and leaves,and Tamarix chinensis,Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa,Fraxinus bungeana,and Mours mongolica were significantly higher than other tree species.The values of RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na of various tree species increased with the salt concentration increased,but the increased range was different.In the high-saline area, the values of RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na of Tamarix chinensis,Ulmus pumila,Amorpha fruticosa,Fraxinus bungeana,and Mours mongolica, were higher than Elaeagnus angustifolia,Melia azedarach and etc.
4 There were very significant positive correlation between the Na~+ content of the roots and stems,leaves of tree species in different saline-alkali soil zones(P<0.01).That shows the roots were the most critical link which controlled Na~+ into the plant,at the same time controlled the Na~+ concentration of plant stems and leaves.Between roots and stems,and stems with leaves,the K~+ content was all significant positive correlation(P<0.05).It shows that the K~+ ion of root absorption transported more up,which is played an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions of plants.And the K~+ ion of leaf needs is transported from the stem, K~+ is the element of mobility to the transport properties of new organizations.Between roots and stems with leaves,the Ca~(2+) content was all significant positive correlation(P<0.05).
There were the significant negative correlation between the contents of Na~+ and K~+ in the roots of the tree species(P<0.05).And between the contents of Na~+ and Ca~(2+) in the roots of the tree species,it was significant negative correlation(P<0.01).In the stems,the content of K~+ and Ca~(2+) were a significant positive correlation(P<0.05),and of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) were a significant positive correlation(P<0.01).In the leaves,only the content of Na~+ and Mg~(2+) were a significant positive correlation(P<0.01).With the strengthening of salt stress,the ion of K~+ and Ca~(2+) could inhibit the roots in the absorption of Na~+ to ease the plants salt stress.Stems was being ion transmission organization,and it does not accumulate on the role of ion.Mg~(2+) is a plant nutrient element with chlorophyll synthesis and decomposition had important links.So the Na~+ content of leaf increased,the plants were under salt stress.And the higher Mg~(2+) content of leaves,was in favor of the enhancement of photosynthesis,thus increased the plants salt-tolerant sexual.
1不同盐碱区林木树种共有24个科,37个属,52个种。不同盐碱区分布的树种为包含关系,即除白刺除外,在高盐碱区分布的树种,在低盐碱区均有分布。林木种数随着各区域盐分浓度的增大,盐胁迫的加强,而逐渐减少,且盐分浓度越大,树种减少的越多,下降的趋势越明显。
2不同盐碱度区域土壤中总盐分、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量,随着区域盐分浓度的升高,而迅速提高,但不同离子升高幅度不同,Na~+含量的增幅也最大。通过对土壤盐分离子的主因素分析,只有总盐和Na~+的特征根大于1,特征值分别为3.701和1.044,累计方差贡献率达94.889%。说明影响土壤盐碱度的高低的因素主要取决于总盐和Na~+的含量。
3随着盐胁迫增强,各树种体内的Na~+含量均呈明显上升趋势;K~+的含量先上升,在重盐碱区又有所下降;Ca~(2+)的含量呈下降趋势;Mg~(2+)的含量变化趋势不太明显,总体表现为缓慢下降的趋势。在盐胁迫下,各树种根系中Na~+含量明显高于茎叶,茎叶中K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的含量明显高于根系。
随着盐浓度提高,不同树种不同器官中Na~+/K~+、Na~+/Ca~(2+)和Na~+/Mg~(2+)比值呈上升趋势,但在不同树种不同器官中上升幅度不同,根系明显高于茎、叶,柽柳、白榆、紫穗槐、白蜡、家桑明显高于其他树种。各树种RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na值均随着盐分浓度的增加而提高,但是提高的幅度不同。在重盐碱区,柽柳、白榆、紫穗槐、白蜡、家桑的RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na值高于沙枣、苦楝等树种。
4不同盐碱区树种根系中Na~+含量与茎、叶中的Na~+之间存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01),说明根部控制Na~+进入植物体的最关键的环节,同时控制着运往植物体茎、叶中Na~+浓度;根系中与茎中的K~+含量、茎中与叶中的K~+含量之间均存在显著正相关性(P<0.05),这说明根系吸收的K~+较多地运往地上部,这对维持植株正常的生理功能具有重要作用,而叶片生长需要的K~+,则是从茎中运输,K~+是可移动性元素,向新生组织运输的特性;根系中与茎、叶中的Ca~(2+)含量之间均存在显著正相关性(P<0.05)。
各树种根系中Na~+含量与K~+含量之间存在显著负相关性(P<0.05),与Ca~(2+)含量之间存在极显著负相关性(P<0.01);茎中K~+含量与Ca~(2+)含量之间存在显著正相关性(P<0.05),Ca~(2+)含量与Mg~(2+)含量之间存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01);叶片中仅Na~+含量与Mg~(2+)含量之间存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。说明随着盐分胁迫的加强,K~+、Ca~(2+)均能抑制根系中Na~+的吸收,缓解植株的盐胁迫;茎作为一个离子的传导组织,本身对离子没有积累作用;Mg~(2+)是植物的营养元素,与叶绿素合成和分解有重要的联系,所以当叶片中Na~+含量增加,植物受到盐分胁迫,此时叶片中Mg~(2+)含量升高有利于增强植株叶片的光合作用,从而增强植株的耐盐性。
Through surveying on the tree species of the four different saline-alkali soil in Cangzhou city, this paper analyzed the distribution of tree species, and measured at the salt ion contents of salt stress on the soil and different tree species. And studied on the ion content of the soil and tree species by methods of the main factor and correlation analysis.The results were as follows:
1 The tree species included 52 species,37 genera,and 24 families.The tree species of distribution in different saline-alkali soil had being inclusion relations.That is,except of Nitraria schoberi,all the tree species in the high-saline area was contained in low-saline area. As the saline-alkali degree increased and the salt stress strengthened,the amount of the tree species were gradually reduced.And the greater the saline-alkali degree increased, the more obvious downward trend.
2 As the saline-alkali degree increased,the content of total salt, Na~+,K~+,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in the different saline-alkali soil rapidly rising,but the increased rate of ions were different,and the Na~+ content was the largest increase.Through the main factor analyzed on the soil salt ions,only the eigenvalue of total salt and Na~+ was greater than 1,the eigenvalues were 3.701 and 1.044,respectively,the cumulative variance contribution rate was over 94.889%.It showed that the factors which influenced the level of soil saline-alkali degree depended mainly on the content of the total salt and Na~+.
3 With the salt stress enhanced,the content of Na~+ showed obviously increasing trend in the body of the tree species.The content of K~+ rised in the first,and then declined in the high-saline area. The content of Ca~(2+) showed the downward trend always. The content change of Mg~(2+) showed was not clear,the overall performanced for the slow downward trend.Under salt stress, the content of Na~+ of the roots of the tree species was significantly higher than stems and leaves,but the content of K~+,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in the stems and leaves was significantly higher than the roots.
As the salt concentration increased,the ratio of Na~+/K~+,Na~+/Ca~(2+) and Na~+/Mg~(2+) was being the upward trend,but the increased range was different in different organs or in different species.That is, the root was significantly higher than stems and leaves,and Tamarix chinensis,Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa,Fraxinus bungeana,and Mours mongolica were significantly higher than other tree species.The values of RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na of various tree species increased with the salt concentration increased,but the increased range was different.In the high-saline area, the values of RSK,Na、RSCa,Na、RSMg,Na of Tamarix chinensis,Ulmus pumila,Amorpha fruticosa,Fraxinus bungeana,and Mours mongolica, were higher than Elaeagnus angustifolia,Melia azedarach and etc.
4 There were very significant positive correlation between the Na~+ content of the roots and stems,leaves of tree species in different saline-alkali soil zones(P<0.01).That shows the roots were the most critical link which controlled Na~+ into the plant,at the same time controlled the Na~+ concentration of plant stems and leaves.Between roots and stems,and stems with leaves,the K~+ content was all significant positive correlation(P<0.05).It shows that the K~+ ion of root absorption transported more up,which is played an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions of plants.And the K~+ ion of leaf needs is transported from the stem, K~+ is the element of mobility to the transport properties of new organizations.Between roots and stems with leaves,the Ca~(2+) content was all significant positive correlation(P<0.05).
There were the significant negative correlation between the contents of Na~+ and K~+ in the roots of the tree species(P<0.05).And between the contents of Na~+ and Ca~(2+) in the roots of the tree species,it was significant negative correlation(P<0.01).In the stems,the content of K~+ and Ca~(2+) were a significant positive correlation(P<0.05),and of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) were a significant positive correlation(P<0.01).In the leaves,only the content of Na~+ and Mg~(2+) were a significant positive correlation(P<0.01).With the strengthening of salt stress,the ion of K~+ and Ca~(2+) could inhibit the roots in the absorption of Na~+ to ease the plants salt stress.Stems was being ion transmission organization,and it does not accumulate on the role of ion.Mg~(2+) is a plant nutrient element with chlorophyll synthesis and decomposition had important links.So the Na~+ content of leaf increased,the plants were under salt stress.And the higher Mg~(2+) content of leaves,was in favor of the enhancement of photosynthesis,thus increased the plants salt-tolerant sexual.
引文
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