南方多熟制棉田棉花节本高效栽培研究
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摘要
为简化栽培技术,于2007年在湖南农业大学试验基地进行了棉花节本高效栽培试验,前作油菜。本试验以农杂66F1为试验材料,研究了密度、播期、栽培方式三个栽培因子与棉花产量、成本以及利润等的关系,同时对住商肥料的增产效应进行比较研究。主要结论如下：
(1)密度、播期、栽培方式对皮棉产量和产值都有很大影响,产量和产值的大小为：从密度来看,以36000株／hm2的最好,其次是54000株／hm2的,再次是18000株／hm2的。36000株／hm2的以4月30号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的直播棉的>5月20号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的直播棉的>5月20号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的>4月30号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的。54000株／hm2的以4月30号播种的密度为54000株／hm2的直播棉的>5月20号播种的密度为54000株／hm2的直播棉的。18000株／hm2的以5月20号播种的密度为18000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的>4月30号播种的密度为18000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的>4月22号播种的密度为18000株／hm2的营养钵移栽棉的。
(2)试验研究结果表明,栽培试验中,直播棉和漂浮育苗移栽棉的总成本和利润都高于营养钵的,其中以5月20播种的漂浮育苗移栽棉的总成本最高。其中直播棉的利润与营养钵移栽棉相比差异显著,而漂浮育苗移栽棉的利润密度为36000／hm2的利润也远远高于营养钵的,漂浮育苗移栽棉中18000／hm2的虽高于营养钵的,但差异不显著。栽培试验中,4月30号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的直播棉的的利润最大。
(3)在肥料试验中,产值的大小为：51%的住商肥料>40%的住商肥料>40%的施福肥料>25%的复合肥。以40%的施福肥料的总成本最多,其次是40%的住商肥料的,51%的住商肥料的成本最少。利润大小51%的住商肥料>40%的住商肥料>40%的施福肥料>25%的复合肥。纤维品质比较分析的结果表明,各处理纤维品质最好的是25%的复合肥的,其次是利润大小51%的住商肥料,40%的住商肥料。综合来看,肥料试验中,51%的住商肥料的效益最大。
In order to simplify culture technique, the costing saving and high efficient experiments were carried out on the farm of Hunan Agricultural University in 2007. The preceding crop culture is rape. The effect of planting density ,sowing date and cultivation patterns on yield , costs and profits of Nongza66. The comparative studies were carried out on effect of increasing yield of zhushang fertilizer simultaneously.
The results showed:
(1) The planting density, sowing date and cultivation patterns all had big influence on the ginned cotton yield and output , the hightest yield and output was whose density is 36000 plant per hectare, the second one was whose density is 54000 plant per hectare and the last one was whose density is 54000 plant per hectare .The size of ginned cotton yield and output of whose density is 36000 plant per hectare was:the direct sowing of cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April>the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 20th of May >the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April. The size of ginned cotton yield and output of whose density is 54000 plant per hectare was the direct sowing of cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April > the direct sowing of cotton and date of seeding is on the 20th of May .And the size of ginned cotton yield and output of whose density is 18000 plant per hectare was: the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 20th of May>the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April > the nutrition bowl-making cotton .
(2)The field experiments indicated that various treatments'total costs were higher than the nutrition bowl-making cotton and the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton whose date of seeding is on the 20th of May is the highest in the cultivated experiments. Various treatments'profits were also more than the nutrition bowl-making cotton. The significant difference of profit was found between direct sowing of cotton and the nutrition bowl-making cotton.. the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton whose density is 24000 plant per hectare's profit were also higher compared with the nutrition bowl-making cotton's, but the significant difference was not found between the other treatments. The profit of the direct sowing of cotton whose density is 36000 plant per hectare and date of seeding is on the 30th of April was the highest in the cultivated experiments.
(3)The size of output of the fertilizer experiments was the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's > the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's > the Shi-Fu fertilize's > the compound fertilizer whose contents was twenty-five percent's . The Shi-Fu fertilize of the total cost was the most. The second of the total cost was the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's . the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's cost was least. The profit of different treatment was the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's > the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's>the Shi-Fu fertilize's>the compound fertilizer whose contents was twenty-five percent's. The study of fiber quality indicated that the compound fertilizer whose contents was twenty-five percent's exceeded the others and the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's was the second. The fiber quality of the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's was worst. Taken together, these results suggested that the benefit of the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's was highest.
(1)密度、播期、栽培方式对皮棉产量和产值都有很大影响,产量和产值的大小为：从密度来看,以36000株／hm2的最好,其次是54000株／hm2的,再次是18000株／hm2的。36000株／hm2的以4月30号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的直播棉的>5月20号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的直播棉的>5月20号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的>4月30号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的。54000株／hm2的以4月30号播种的密度为54000株／hm2的直播棉的>5月20号播种的密度为54000株／hm2的直播棉的。18000株／hm2的以5月20号播种的密度为18000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的>4月30号播种的密度为18000株／hm2的漂浮育苗棉移栽棉的>4月22号播种的密度为18000株／hm2的营养钵移栽棉的。
(2)试验研究结果表明,栽培试验中,直播棉和漂浮育苗移栽棉的总成本和利润都高于营养钵的,其中以5月20播种的漂浮育苗移栽棉的总成本最高。其中直播棉的利润与营养钵移栽棉相比差异显著,而漂浮育苗移栽棉的利润密度为36000／hm2的利润也远远高于营养钵的,漂浮育苗移栽棉中18000／hm2的虽高于营养钵的,但差异不显著。栽培试验中,4月30号播种的密度为36000株／hm2的直播棉的的利润最大。
(3)在肥料试验中,产值的大小为：51%的住商肥料>40%的住商肥料>40%的施福肥料>25%的复合肥。以40%的施福肥料的总成本最多,其次是40%的住商肥料的,51%的住商肥料的成本最少。利润大小51%的住商肥料>40%的住商肥料>40%的施福肥料>25%的复合肥。纤维品质比较分析的结果表明,各处理纤维品质最好的是25%的复合肥的,其次是利润大小51%的住商肥料,40%的住商肥料。综合来看,肥料试验中,51%的住商肥料的效益最大。
In order to simplify culture technique, the costing saving and high efficient experiments were carried out on the farm of Hunan Agricultural University in 2007. The preceding crop culture is rape. The effect of planting density ,sowing date and cultivation patterns on yield , costs and profits of Nongza66. The comparative studies were carried out on effect of increasing yield of zhushang fertilizer simultaneously.
The results showed:
(1) The planting density, sowing date and cultivation patterns all had big influence on the ginned cotton yield and output , the hightest yield and output was whose density is 36000 plant per hectare, the second one was whose density is 54000 plant per hectare and the last one was whose density is 54000 plant per hectare .The size of ginned cotton yield and output of whose density is 36000 plant per hectare was:the direct sowing of cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April>the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 20th of May >the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April. The size of ginned cotton yield and output of whose density is 54000 plant per hectare was the direct sowing of cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April > the direct sowing of cotton and date of seeding is on the 20th of May .And the size of ginned cotton yield and output of whose density is 18000 plant per hectare was: the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 20th of May>the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton and date of seeding is on the 30th of April > the nutrition bowl-making cotton .
(2)The field experiments indicated that various treatments'total costs were higher than the nutrition bowl-making cotton and the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton whose date of seeding is on the 20th of May is the highest in the cultivated experiments. Various treatments'profits were also more than the nutrition bowl-making cotton. The significant difference of profit was found between direct sowing of cotton and the nutrition bowl-making cotton.. the floating nursing seedling in water-bed cotton whose density is 24000 plant per hectare's profit were also higher compared with the nutrition bowl-making cotton's, but the significant difference was not found between the other treatments. The profit of the direct sowing of cotton whose density is 36000 plant per hectare and date of seeding is on the 30th of April was the highest in the cultivated experiments.
(3)The size of output of the fertilizer experiments was the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's > the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's > the Shi-Fu fertilize's > the compound fertilizer whose contents was twenty-five percent's . The Shi-Fu fertilize of the total cost was the most. The second of the total cost was the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's . the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's cost was least. The profit of different treatment was the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's > the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's>the Shi-Fu fertilize's>the compound fertilizer whose contents was twenty-five percent's. The study of fiber quality indicated that the compound fertilizer whose contents was twenty-five percent's exceeded the others and the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's was the second. The fiber quality of the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fourty percent's was worst. Taken together, these results suggested that the benefit of the Zhu-Shang fertilizer whose contents was fifty-one percent's was highest.
引文
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