企业加速网络研究
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摘要
高新技术产业竞争突出地体现在技术创新服务业竞争，其竞争优势在很大程度上取决于创新服务体系集聚与供给创新资源要素的效率。当前，全球范围内的技术创新竞争日趋激烈、创新进程不断加快，在此背景下，技术创新服务组织加速演化，不断催生出新型创新服务组织，沿着降低创新成本、加快创新进程的规律朝着高级阶段演化。企业加速网络是新近在美国密歇根州首度出现的创新服务组织，标志着创新服务系统演化到高级阶段。我国正加快技术创新发展，对于国际上技术创新的新变化，应当予以高度重视；注重借鉴和吸收国际最新发展成果，结合我国实际情况，构造具有中国特色的技术创新服务体系。
从企业加速器演化到企业加速网络具有必然性。当代技术创新服务体系展现出创新服务组织专业化、加速衍生和网络集成化的特征，企业加速网络符合这种发展趋势。进一步，分析了企业加速网络的功能及其诞生的技术、经济根源；讨论企业加速网络与战略新兴产业发展的重要关系；并从专业服务、生产性服务业、区域创新环境等三个维度对企业加速网络进行分析；指出企业加速网络对于区域技术创新和战略性新兴产业发展具有重要的积极影响。
企业加速网络的治理结构选择与技术创新市场的成熟度紧密相关，这里从技术创新分工与传销市场的双重演进角度为企业加速网络的治理结构选择提供理论支持。基于技术创新市场发育、过渡和成熟三个阶段，提出集中式、分布式和混合式等三种企业加速网络的治理结构。运用社会网络理论，从目标引导和偶得两个维度分析企业加速网络的演变轨迹。
绘制创新资源地图和设计功能模块是规划建设企业加速网络的基本要求。区域创新资源地图可为创新网络提供可视化的分析工具，对于企业加速网络建设具有重要意义。当代，模块对产业组织变革产生重大影响；企业加速网络服务功能的模块化是组建企业加速网络的重要环节，这里从基本模块设计和模块界面联系等两个方面进行了分析。认为企业加速网络的模块设计应以系统思维作为指导，要求理念一致、功能协调、结构统一、资源共享、服务标准化；指出企业加速网络的基本模块系统应包含基础设施、金融服务、人才服务、技术服务、营销与管理咨询和政策支持等6个子系统，各个子系统包涵若干模块单元。
专用性资产是维系组织存在，形成组织核心竞争力的重要因素；因此，集聚专用性资产是构建组织的必然要求。采用多种方式快速积累企业加速网络的专用性资产是建设和维护企业加速网络的重要内容。这里根据企业加速网络的治理结构和技术创新市场两个维度提出企业加速网络的三种专用性资产集聚模式，分别是舵手主导配置型、寡头见协商合作型和多中心协同整合型。理论上，这三种模式对应技术创新市场发展的不同阶段。实践中，由于区域发展不平衡等因素存在，各种模式会夹杂存在。
企业加速网络作为新型创新服务组织，其建设和发展面临诸多挑战与困难，需要通过有效的政策支持扶助其快速发展。这里建议从确立企业加速网络的愿景共识、核心节点调控、网络内外的信息与能量传输等角度采取措施，加快企业加速网络的健康发展。其中，确立愿景共识须把握区域发展目标和技术创新市场的发展需求，描绘共同愿景应当符合区域整体利益；核心节点的布局应当科学合理，有利于促进各网络节点之间的协同合作；努力促进网络内外的交流与合作，促进交易行为和交易规则的不断规范和完善。
High-tech industries competition mainly focus on technology innovation service,whose advantage to a great extent depends on the efficiency of technology innovationservice system for congregating and providing innovation resources. Nowadays, intensivecompetition in technological innovation makes innovation process even more quickly. Insuch context, organizations that service for innovation activities are evolving in a speedway, and catalyze new models; they keep updating guided by the rule of reducing costand accelerating steps. Business Accelerator Network (BAN) is a newly foundedorganization that located in Southeast Michigan in U.S., which indicates the advancedmodel of innovation support system. Latest decades, China is focus on development oftechnological innovation, therefore shall pay much attention on the emerging change ofinternational technological innovation market.
Business accelerator network is the inevitable succession of business accelerator.Nowadays, technological innovation service system shows the characteristics of specialty,speedy evolvement and networked integration, BAN fits for such tendency. This paperanalyzes BAN‘s functions and its generating background, discusses the significant impacton emerging industries of strategic importance, and explores BAN from perspectives ofprofessional service, produce service and regional innovation environment. It isconcluded that BAN have great positive impact on regional technology innovation anddevelopment of emerging industries of strategic importance.
Governance structure choice is intensively closed to the stable of technologicalinnovation market. This paper discusses the relationship of technological innovationdivisions and technological innovation market so that provide theoretical support forgovernance structure choice. Based on three steps of technological innovation market,this paper put forwards three governance model, they are: centralized model, distributedmodel and mixed model. Furthermore, social network theory is applied to analyze thetwo typical of evolving contrail of BAN.
Innovation resources asset mapping and functional modularity design are basicrequirement of establishing BAN. Regional innovation asset map could provide visible analyzing tool, which has crucial function for BAN. Nowadays, modularity has greatimpact on industrial organization changing. Designing functional modularity is importantstep of establishing BAN, herein basic functional modularity and module face arediscussed. It is suggested that systematic thought shall be taken as guide rule to designfunctional modularity, required according thought, functions harmonized, structure united,resources shared and service standardized. BAN‘s basic modularity system includes sixsub-systems: infrastructure, financial service, talent service, technological service,marketing and consulting, and policy support. Moreover, each sub-system containsseveral modalities.
Specific assets plays crucial role in maintaining organization and shaping keycompetitive power of an economic organization. Therefore, specific assets accumulatingis key requirement to construct and retain BAN. Based on governance models and statusof technological innovation market, this paper conceptualizes three models to enrichspecific assets of BAN, they are: allocated model that dominated by steersman, oligarchcollaborated model and multi-center synergism model. Theoretically, the three modelscorrespond to different stages of technology innovation market. However, because ofunbalanced development status, the three models will be mixed in practice.
As an emerging organization model, BAN will confront various challenges anddifficulties, therefore efficient policy support are required. This paper provides threeresolutions to enhance and accelerate construction of BAN, these includes: establishingcommon envision, control and adjust key nodes, facilitating information and energytransmission between both internal and external network. Furthermore, establishingcommon envision shall take regional developing aim and technology innovation marketinto account, and accord with interest of the whole region. Key nodes allocation shallfocus on facilitating synergy cooperation among various nodes. At last, policy supportshall pay much attention on boosting cooperation between both internal and externalnetwork, and improving transaction rules and regulating transaction behaviors.
从企业加速器演化到企业加速网络具有必然性。当代技术创新服务体系展现出创新服务组织专业化、加速衍生和网络集成化的特征，企业加速网络符合这种发展趋势。进一步，分析了企业加速网络的功能及其诞生的技术、经济根源；讨论企业加速网络与战略新兴产业发展的重要关系；并从专业服务、生产性服务业、区域创新环境等三个维度对企业加速网络进行分析；指出企业加速网络对于区域技术创新和战略性新兴产业发展具有重要的积极影响。
企业加速网络的治理结构选择与技术创新市场的成熟度紧密相关，这里从技术创新分工与传销市场的双重演进角度为企业加速网络的治理结构选择提供理论支持。基于技术创新市场发育、过渡和成熟三个阶段，提出集中式、分布式和混合式等三种企业加速网络的治理结构。运用社会网络理论，从目标引导和偶得两个维度分析企业加速网络的演变轨迹。
绘制创新资源地图和设计功能模块是规划建设企业加速网络的基本要求。区域创新资源地图可为创新网络提供可视化的分析工具，对于企业加速网络建设具有重要意义。当代，模块对产业组织变革产生重大影响；企业加速网络服务功能的模块化是组建企业加速网络的重要环节，这里从基本模块设计和模块界面联系等两个方面进行了分析。认为企业加速网络的模块设计应以系统思维作为指导，要求理念一致、功能协调、结构统一、资源共享、服务标准化；指出企业加速网络的基本模块系统应包含基础设施、金融服务、人才服务、技术服务、营销与管理咨询和政策支持等6个子系统，各个子系统包涵若干模块单元。
专用性资产是维系组织存在，形成组织核心竞争力的重要因素；因此，集聚专用性资产是构建组织的必然要求。采用多种方式快速积累企业加速网络的专用性资产是建设和维护企业加速网络的重要内容。这里根据企业加速网络的治理结构和技术创新市场两个维度提出企业加速网络的三种专用性资产集聚模式，分别是舵手主导配置型、寡头见协商合作型和多中心协同整合型。理论上，这三种模式对应技术创新市场发展的不同阶段。实践中，由于区域发展不平衡等因素存在，各种模式会夹杂存在。
企业加速网络作为新型创新服务组织，其建设和发展面临诸多挑战与困难，需要通过有效的政策支持扶助其快速发展。这里建议从确立企业加速网络的愿景共识、核心节点调控、网络内外的信息与能量传输等角度采取措施，加快企业加速网络的健康发展。其中，确立愿景共识须把握区域发展目标和技术创新市场的发展需求，描绘共同愿景应当符合区域整体利益；核心节点的布局应当科学合理，有利于促进各网络节点之间的协同合作；努力促进网络内外的交流与合作，促进交易行为和交易规则的不断规范和完善。
High-tech industries competition mainly focus on technology innovation service,whose advantage to a great extent depends on the efficiency of technology innovationservice system for congregating and providing innovation resources. Nowadays, intensivecompetition in technological innovation makes innovation process even more quickly. Insuch context, organizations that service for innovation activities are evolving in a speedway, and catalyze new models; they keep updating guided by the rule of reducing costand accelerating steps. Business Accelerator Network (BAN) is a newly foundedorganization that located in Southeast Michigan in U.S., which indicates the advancedmodel of innovation support system. Latest decades, China is focus on development oftechnological innovation, therefore shall pay much attention on the emerging change ofinternational technological innovation market.
Business accelerator network is the inevitable succession of business accelerator.Nowadays, technological innovation service system shows the characteristics of specialty,speedy evolvement and networked integration, BAN fits for such tendency. This paperanalyzes BAN‘s functions and its generating background, discusses the significant impacton emerging industries of strategic importance, and explores BAN from perspectives ofprofessional service, produce service and regional innovation environment. It isconcluded that BAN have great positive impact on regional technology innovation anddevelopment of emerging industries of strategic importance.
Governance structure choice is intensively closed to the stable of technologicalinnovation market. This paper discusses the relationship of technological innovationdivisions and technological innovation market so that provide theoretical support forgovernance structure choice. Based on three steps of technological innovation market,this paper put forwards three governance model, they are: centralized model, distributedmodel and mixed model. Furthermore, social network theory is applied to analyze thetwo typical of evolving contrail of BAN.
Innovation resources asset mapping and functional modularity design are basicrequirement of establishing BAN. Regional innovation asset map could provide visible analyzing tool, which has crucial function for BAN. Nowadays, modularity has greatimpact on industrial organization changing. Designing functional modularity is importantstep of establishing BAN, herein basic functional modularity and module face arediscussed. It is suggested that systematic thought shall be taken as guide rule to designfunctional modularity, required according thought, functions harmonized, structure united,resources shared and service standardized. BAN‘s basic modularity system includes sixsub-systems: infrastructure, financial service, talent service, technological service,marketing and consulting, and policy support. Moreover, each sub-system containsseveral modalities.
Specific assets plays crucial role in maintaining organization and shaping keycompetitive power of an economic organization. Therefore, specific assets accumulatingis key requirement to construct and retain BAN. Based on governance models and statusof technological innovation market, this paper conceptualizes three models to enrichspecific assets of BAN, they are: allocated model that dominated by steersman, oligarchcollaborated model and multi-center synergism model. Theoretically, the three modelscorrespond to different stages of technology innovation market. However, because ofunbalanced development status, the three models will be mixed in practice.
As an emerging organization model, BAN will confront various challenges anddifficulties, therefore efficient policy support are required. This paper provides threeresolutions to enhance and accelerate construction of BAN, these includes: establishingcommon envision, control and adjust key nodes, facilitating information and energytransmission between both internal and external network. Furthermore, establishingcommon envision shall take regional developing aim and technology innovation marketinto account, and accord with interest of the whole region. Key nodes allocation shallfocus on facilitating synergy cooperation among various nodes. At last, policy supportshall pay much attention on boosting cooperation between both internal and externalnetwork, and improving transaction rules and regulating transaction behaviors.
引文
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③值得关注的是,在国家、企业和个人层面上,都存在这种现象。先前强盛的主体会衰败,后来者会赶上并超过先行者；而且这种变化有时候在很短的时期内就会发生,例如历史上英国被超越,以及日本二战后的兴起和中国改革开放以来的迅速崛起。
④对于技术创新而言,这种适应性表现为企业技术创新的价值,即对顾客的吸引力和在推动生产力进步方面的作用程度。越有创新价值的产品,其吸引力越大,获得的客户越多——用网络的语言来描述即指获得更多的链接。
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③值得关注的是,在国家、企业和个人层面上,都存在这种现象。先前强盛的主体会衰败,后来者会赶上并超过先行者；而且这种变化有时候在很短的时期内就会发生,例如历史上英国被超越,以及日本二战后的兴起和中国改革开放以来的迅速崛起。
④对于技术创新而言,这种适应性表现为企业技术创新的价值,即对顾客的吸引力和在推动生产力进步方面的作用程度。越有创新价值的产品,其吸引力越大,获得的客户越多——用网络的语言来描述即指获得更多的链接。
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