企业社会资本、创业导向和创业绩效关系研究
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摘要
本文根据中国文化背景下科技型中小企业与外部组织之间的研究情境,对社会资本在本研究中的各维度进行了提炼,构建了一个适合于分析科技型中小企业社会资本对创业导向和创业绩效产生影响的理论模型。实证研究的第一阶段是探索性分析,通过效度及信度分析来筛选量表问项并形成最终问卷；第二阶段是验证性分析,主要是利用结构方程建模技术对概念模型和相关假设进行分析验证。通过对196份有效问卷的数据分析,本文的主要研究结论如下：
1.将科技型中小企业社会资本提炼为三个维度,分别是企业与外部组织间的社会性互动、企业与外部组织间的关系质量以及企业与外部组织间的认知。剖析了科技型中小企业社会资本对创业绩效的影响机理,证实了科技型中小企业社会资本是提升创业绩效的重要资源。
2.界定并验证了科技型中小企业创业导向可由组织战略更新、新业务开拓以及产品技术创新三个维度构成,讨论了科技型中小企业社会资本对创业导向的影响,验证了科技型中小企业较高水平的社会资本,有利于其从外部获取、共享和转移网络成员的知识、信息、技术等资源,从而提升其创业导向的水平。
3.构建并验证了科技型中小企业社会资本的社会性互动维度、关系质量维度和认知维度通过创业导向的三个维度,即组织战略更新、新业务开拓以及产品技术创新影响创业绩效的部分中介模型。
4.对控制变量的影响进行了分析。从检验结果来看,企业性质、行业属性和区域属性三个控制变量对中介变量和因变量都没有显著性影响。而企业规模和企业年限二个控制变量对中介变量和因变量都有显著性影响。
最后,本文系统地归纳了本研究的主要研究结论,以及研究中存在的不足和后续研究建议。
Depending on Chinese culture contingency of tech-typed small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and external organization, the paper proposes a theoretical model suitable to analyze the social capital of tech-typed SMEs as well as its influence on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance. The empirical analysis of this paper is divided into two stages.The first stage is EFA (exploratory factor analysis), which aims to measure the validity and credibility of all variables in the original questionnaire and form the final questionnaire. The second stage is CFA (confirmatory factor analysis), which aims to test the proposed theoretical model and the hypotheses by means of SEM (structural equation model). The main research results are shown below after the empirical analysis of the 196 valid samples:
1. The social capital of tech-typed SMEs is divided into three dimensions, which are the social interaction, relationship quality and cognition between the tech-typed SMEs and the external organization. The construct of social capital of tech-typed SMEs and its influence factors to entrepreneurial performance were explored. The outcome certified that social capital of tech-typed SMEs is an important resource to improve entrepreneurial performance.
2. The dimension of entrepreneurial orientation was defined and certified, which incudes strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation. The processes and operation mechanisms of three dimensions were identified and defined; we also discuss the possible influences for social capital of tech-typed SMEs to strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation. The basic conclusion is:higher social capital level in enterprise network is beneficial to the resources obtaining, sharing and transferring, then affect strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation.
3. The model was constructed and certified that three dimensions of social capital of tech-typed SMEs affects entrepreneurial performance by the mediation of strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation.
4. Five control variables have different effect on the mediating variable and dependent variable from the analysis result. The firm's feature, industry and region have no significant effect on the mediating variable and dependent variable. The firm's scale has significant effect on strategic renewal and entrepreneurial performance. The firm's period has significant effect on product/technology innovation and entrepreneurial performance.
Finally, main contributions and findings of this study are summarized. The paper also concludes by identifying limitations of the study and providing directions for future research, with reference to previous research.
1.将科技型中小企业社会资本提炼为三个维度,分别是企业与外部组织间的社会性互动、企业与外部组织间的关系质量以及企业与外部组织间的认知。剖析了科技型中小企业社会资本对创业绩效的影响机理,证实了科技型中小企业社会资本是提升创业绩效的重要资源。
2.界定并验证了科技型中小企业创业导向可由组织战略更新、新业务开拓以及产品技术创新三个维度构成,讨论了科技型中小企业社会资本对创业导向的影响,验证了科技型中小企业较高水平的社会资本,有利于其从外部获取、共享和转移网络成员的知识、信息、技术等资源,从而提升其创业导向的水平。
3.构建并验证了科技型中小企业社会资本的社会性互动维度、关系质量维度和认知维度通过创业导向的三个维度,即组织战略更新、新业务开拓以及产品技术创新影响创业绩效的部分中介模型。
4.对控制变量的影响进行了分析。从检验结果来看,企业性质、行业属性和区域属性三个控制变量对中介变量和因变量都没有显著性影响。而企业规模和企业年限二个控制变量对中介变量和因变量都有显著性影响。
最后,本文系统地归纳了本研究的主要研究结论,以及研究中存在的不足和后续研究建议。
Depending on Chinese culture contingency of tech-typed small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and external organization, the paper proposes a theoretical model suitable to analyze the social capital of tech-typed SMEs as well as its influence on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance. The empirical analysis of this paper is divided into two stages.The first stage is EFA (exploratory factor analysis), which aims to measure the validity and credibility of all variables in the original questionnaire and form the final questionnaire. The second stage is CFA (confirmatory factor analysis), which aims to test the proposed theoretical model and the hypotheses by means of SEM (structural equation model). The main research results are shown below after the empirical analysis of the 196 valid samples:
1. The social capital of tech-typed SMEs is divided into three dimensions, which are the social interaction, relationship quality and cognition between the tech-typed SMEs and the external organization. The construct of social capital of tech-typed SMEs and its influence factors to entrepreneurial performance were explored. The outcome certified that social capital of tech-typed SMEs is an important resource to improve entrepreneurial performance.
2. The dimension of entrepreneurial orientation was defined and certified, which incudes strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation. The processes and operation mechanisms of three dimensions were identified and defined; we also discuss the possible influences for social capital of tech-typed SMEs to strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation. The basic conclusion is:higher social capital level in enterprise network is beneficial to the resources obtaining, sharing and transferring, then affect strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation.
3. The model was constructed and certified that three dimensions of social capital of tech-typed SMEs affects entrepreneurial performance by the mediation of strategic renewal, new business venturing and product/technology innovation.
4. Five control variables have different effect on the mediating variable and dependent variable from the analysis result. The firm's feature, industry and region have no significant effect on the mediating variable and dependent variable. The firm's scale has significant effect on strategic renewal and entrepreneurial performance. The firm's period has significant effect on product/technology innovation and entrepreneurial performance.
Finally, main contributions and findings of this study are summarized. The paper also concludes by identifying limitations of the study and providing directions for future research, with reference to previous research.
引文
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