数字式自准同期并网装置的研制
摘要
自准同期并网操作是电力系统中一项基本操作。要求电网与发电机组在允许的压差、频差条件下，在导前合闸角到来时，发出并网指令，使发电机组平滑无冲击的并入到系统电网中。避免由于压差、频差和相角差太大，使的合闸时，发电机组电枢绕组电流过大，对发电机组联轴系统产生冲击。
单片机以其强大的功能，良好的抗干扰性，在数字式自准同期并网装置中占据了主要地位。随着数学模型以及单片机的发展，自准同期并网装置也越来越精准、可靠、迅速。本文中所研究的基于单片机的自准同期并网装置能够精确的测量出两侧的电压、频率、频差以及相位角的变化。同时将所有并网数据信息显示在页面上，甚至是相位角的变化也可以在页面上一幕了然。可以通过脉宽调节对发电机进行升频降频和升压降压的操作。在不满足并网的条件下，自动调节发电机组，慢慢趋近于并网允许范围内。
本设计装置具有测合闸时间功能，并且带有16路输入端口，可根据实际情况选择合适的断路器。测合闸时间结果可保留，便于用户设定合闸时间参数。另外所有的参数在程序中均可以自己设定。结果保存在EEPROM中。本装置还具有良好的人机界面，基本上所有的电力参数在主面上都有显示，可以实时了解并网情况和参数信息。
Quasi-synchronizing parallel is an important operation in the power system. When the phase of closing breaker is coming, the device sends out the dictation to put the dynamo into the power system smoothly and rapidly. The phase and frequency between the system and generator must be small enough to ensure minor current in the armature winding of generator, avoiding the impact to the coupling shaft.
The SCM hold the main station of the digital Quasi-synchronizing parallel devices with its powerful function and well anti-jamming. Along with math model and the SCM developing, the Quasi-synchronizing parallel devices become more and more exactitude credibility and rapidity. The Quasi-synchronizing parallel devices based on SCM can measure the change of the voltage, frequency and different phase in this article researched. At the same time the device shows all the data on the page, including the change of the phase. It also can adjust the voltage and frequency through the signal and the dynamo to the allowed range when the condition is dissatisfy.
The device has the function of testing the time of closing in the brake and also offers 16 entrances. You can choose proper circuit-breaker according to the fact. It can store the result of the testing time that can be used to make the right parameter. On the other hand, all the parameters can be programmed by yourself, and the result can be store in EEPROM. It is also friendly human interactions, with almost electric power parameter appearing in the main interface in order to check network and scan the information of parameters.
单片机以其强大的功能，良好的抗干扰性，在数字式自准同期并网装置中占据了主要地位。随着数学模型以及单片机的发展，自准同期并网装置也越来越精准、可靠、迅速。本文中所研究的基于单片机的自准同期并网装置能够精确的测量出两侧的电压、频率、频差以及相位角的变化。同时将所有并网数据信息显示在页面上，甚至是相位角的变化也可以在页面上一幕了然。可以通过脉宽调节对发电机进行升频降频和升压降压的操作。在不满足并网的条件下，自动调节发电机组，慢慢趋近于并网允许范围内。
本设计装置具有测合闸时间功能，并且带有16路输入端口，可根据实际情况选择合适的断路器。测合闸时间结果可保留，便于用户设定合闸时间参数。另外所有的参数在程序中均可以自己设定。结果保存在EEPROM中。本装置还具有良好的人机界面，基本上所有的电力参数在主面上都有显示，可以实时了解并网情况和参数信息。
Quasi-synchronizing parallel is an important operation in the power system. When the phase of closing breaker is coming, the device sends out the dictation to put the dynamo into the power system smoothly and rapidly. The phase and frequency between the system and generator must be small enough to ensure minor current in the armature winding of generator, avoiding the impact to the coupling shaft.
The SCM hold the main station of the digital Quasi-synchronizing parallel devices with its powerful function and well anti-jamming. Along with math model and the SCM developing, the Quasi-synchronizing parallel devices become more and more exactitude credibility and rapidity. The Quasi-synchronizing parallel devices based on SCM can measure the change of the voltage, frequency and different phase in this article researched. At the same time the device shows all the data on the page, including the change of the phase. It also can adjust the voltage and frequency through the signal and the dynamo to the allowed range when the condition is dissatisfy.
The device has the function of testing the time of closing in the brake and also offers 16 entrances. You can choose proper circuit-breaker according to the fact. It can store the result of the testing time that can be used to make the right parameter. On the other hand, all the parameters can be programmed by yourself, and the result can be store in EEPROM. It is also friendly human interactions, with almost electric power parameter appearing in the main interface in order to check network and scan the information of parameters.
引文
[1] 卓乐友，夜念国．微机型自准同期装置的设计和应用．中国电力出版社，2005．pp．40-55
[2] 杨冠城．电力系统自动装置原理．水利电力出版社，1982．pp．29—31
[3] 董占旺，王亚均．SID—2CM微机同期装置的应用．中国电力出版社，vol．21．2003．PP．122-123
[4] 赵栋利，许洪华．变速恒频风力双馈发电机并网电压控制研究．继电器，Vol．25．No．5，2004．pp．587-591
[5] 杨静，王维俊．发电机并网测频方法综合比较．水利电力出版社，NO．1，2005，pp．75-76
[6] 张勇．高性能微机型同期装置．电气时代，vol．4，2005．PP．122-125
[7] 陈朝新，朱敏．基于变电站母线信号的并网同期算法．继电器．Vol．26．No．2，2005．pp．24-25
[8] 耿池勇，高厚磊．基于同期相量技术的功角监测系统．中国电力出版社，Vol．15．No．3，2003．pp．17-19
[9] 钟晖，单秀玲．交流发电机并网相角保护与自动合闸装置研究．舰船科学技术，Vol．27．No．1．2005．pp．41-44
[10] 郭洪澈，姚兴佳．模糊逻辑控制系统在风力发电机并网控制中的应用．风力发电，No．1．2003．PP．18-21
[11] 刘近．水电站同期方式的探讨．工业自动控制，No．6，2000．pp．24-25
[12] 匡全忠，郭光海．水轮发电机组自动准同期并网故障解析．继电器，Vol．28．No．6．pp．12-14
[13] 张文革．微机型自动准同期装置在电力系统中的应用．技术交流，NO．4，2004．pp．110-115
[14] 许世军，唐为方．微机自动准同期装置的研究与设计．水利电力出版社，Vol．16．No．2，2002．pp．1-5
[15] 刘国伟，骆一萍．自动准周期装置的研究．西北电力技术，vol．5，2002．pp．6-8
[16] 李继晟，郑蔚，叶艳军．一种新型的综合测控装置中同期功能的设计实现．继电器，vol．33，NO．5，2005．pp．56-62
[17] 杨银良．22Q—3D集成电路准同期装置[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1992．7
[18] 张杰，姚剑，叶林．频率测量的新方法．工业仪表与自动化装置，2003(1)．pp．63-66
[19] 谢小荣，韩英铎．电力系统频率测量综述．电力系统自动化，1992(2)．pp．54-57
[20] Kundu.D Technical requirements to Connect Parallel Generators to the Ontario Hydro Distribution Electricity System[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1992.7(1).pp. 8-14
[21] Moore P J,Carranza R D,Johns A T.Model system tests on a new numeric method of power system frequency measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Deliver, 1996.11 (2).pp.696-701.
[22] Prokin M.Dynamic response of the double buffered frequency measurement method.9th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology conference,Metropohtan,NY USA, 1992(5):46-51
[23] Sachde M S,Shen J P,A new digital technique for measuring frequency at a power system bus .Fourth International Conference on Developments in Power Protection,Edinburgh UK, 1989(4).pp. 102-106
[24] Wang A D,Ge Y Z,A new digital algorithm for power system frequency measurements,2nd International Conference on Advances in Power System Control,Operation and Management,Hong Kong, 1993(12).pp.729-733
[25] www.atmel.com, ATmegal6/ATmegal6L Datasheet, 2001.
[26] 陈衍等箸．电力系统稳态分析[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1996
[27] 郭强．GPS同期时钟用于电力系统暂态稳定性预测和控制．电力系统自动化，1998，22(6)：11～13
[28] 董清．同期发电机功角转速测量装置．继电器，1999，26(3)：7～10
[29] 夏道止．电力系统分析．北京：中国电力出版社，1995
[30] A. G. Phadke. a new Measuremen Technique for Track—ing Voltage Phasors, Local System Frequency, and Rateof Change of Frequency. IEEE on PAS, 1983, PAS—102(5): 1025～1033
[31] 高厚磊．利用卫星时间作基准的电力系统同期相量测量．电力系统及自动化学报，1995，7(4)：33～3
[32] MURA I, YETAL. New PWM Method for Fully Digitized Inverters[J]. IEEE Trans. on IA, 1987, IA-23 (5):536-545
[33] Pena Ruben, Cardenas Roberto. Control stratrgy of doubly fedin duction generator for a wind diesel energy systern[J]. IEEE, 2002:3297-3302
[34] 海涛等箸．计算机通信技术[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2005．8
[2] 杨冠城．电力系统自动装置原理．水利电力出版社，1982．pp．29—31
[3] 董占旺，王亚均．SID—2CM微机同期装置的应用．中国电力出版社，vol．21．2003．PP．122-123
[4] 赵栋利，许洪华．变速恒频风力双馈发电机并网电压控制研究．继电器，Vol．25．No．5，2004．pp．587-591
[5] 杨静，王维俊．发电机并网测频方法综合比较．水利电力出版社，NO．1，2005，pp．75-76
[6] 张勇．高性能微机型同期装置．电气时代，vol．4，2005．PP．122-125
[7] 陈朝新，朱敏．基于变电站母线信号的并网同期算法．继电器．Vol．26．No．2，2005．pp．24-25
[8] 耿池勇，高厚磊．基于同期相量技术的功角监测系统．中国电力出版社，Vol．15．No．3，2003．pp．17-19
[9] 钟晖，单秀玲．交流发电机并网相角保护与自动合闸装置研究．舰船科学技术，Vol．27．No．1．2005．pp．41-44
[10] 郭洪澈，姚兴佳．模糊逻辑控制系统在风力发电机并网控制中的应用．风力发电，No．1．2003．PP．18-21
[11] 刘近．水电站同期方式的探讨．工业自动控制，No．6，2000．pp．24-25
[12] 匡全忠，郭光海．水轮发电机组自动准同期并网故障解析．继电器，Vol．28．No．6．pp．12-14
[13] 张文革．微机型自动准同期装置在电力系统中的应用．技术交流，NO．4，2004．pp．110-115
[14] 许世军，唐为方．微机自动准同期装置的研究与设计．水利电力出版社，Vol．16．No．2，2002．pp．1-5
[15] 刘国伟，骆一萍．自动准周期装置的研究．西北电力技术，vol．5，2002．pp．6-8
[16] 李继晟，郑蔚，叶艳军．一种新型的综合测控装置中同期功能的设计实现．继电器，vol．33，NO．5，2005．pp．56-62
[17] 杨银良．22Q—3D集成电路准同期装置[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1992．7
[18] 张杰，姚剑，叶林．频率测量的新方法．工业仪表与自动化装置，2003(1)．pp．63-66
[19] 谢小荣，韩英铎．电力系统频率测量综述．电力系统自动化，1992(2)．pp．54-57
[20] Kundu.D Technical requirements to Connect Parallel Generators to the Ontario Hydro Distribution Electricity System[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1992.7(1).pp. 8-14
[21] Moore P J,Carranza R D,Johns A T.Model system tests on a new numeric method of power system frequency measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Deliver, 1996.11 (2).pp.696-701.
[22] Prokin M.Dynamic response of the double buffered frequency measurement method.9th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology conference,Metropohtan,NY USA, 1992(5):46-51
[23] Sachde M S,Shen J P,A new digital technique for measuring frequency at a power system bus .Fourth International Conference on Developments in Power Protection,Edinburgh UK, 1989(4).pp. 102-106
[24] Wang A D,Ge Y Z,A new digital algorithm for power system frequency measurements,2nd International Conference on Advances in Power System Control,Operation and Management,Hong Kong, 1993(12).pp.729-733
[25] www.atmel.com, ATmegal6/ATmegal6L Datasheet, 2001.
[26] 陈衍等箸．电力系统稳态分析[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1996
[27] 郭强．GPS同期时钟用于电力系统暂态稳定性预测和控制．电力系统自动化，1998，22(6)：11～13
[28] 董清．同期发电机功角转速测量装置．继电器，1999，26(3)：7～10
[29] 夏道止．电力系统分析．北京：中国电力出版社，1995
[30] A. G. Phadke. a new Measuremen Technique for Track—ing Voltage Phasors, Local System Frequency, and Rateof Change of Frequency. IEEE on PAS, 1983, PAS—102(5): 1025～1033
[31] 高厚磊．利用卫星时间作基准的电力系统同期相量测量．电力系统及自动化学报，1995，7(4)：33～3
[32] MURA I, YETAL. New PWM Method for Fully Digitized Inverters[J]. IEEE Trans. on IA, 1987, IA-23 (5):536-545
[33] Pena Ruben, Cardenas Roberto. Control stratrgy of doubly fedin duction generator for a wind diesel energy systern[J]. IEEE, 2002:3297-3302
[34] 海涛等箸．计算机通信技术[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2005．8