锡钛复合氧化物光催化性能研究
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摘要
近年来,TiO2作为一种用途很广的半导体材料,因其活性高、稳定性好、对人体无毒、成本低且在光催化处理污染水和空气中已广泛应用,而成为最具潜力的光催化剂。然而TiO2本身有其固有的缺陷,光生电子-空穴对容易复合,这降低了其光催化活性。因此,要提高TiO2的光催化活性,就应减少光生电子与空穴的复合。其中将TiO2与其它氧化物半导体复合可能是提高其光催化活性途径之一。TiO2和SnO2都是有金红石型的晶体结构,但是性质差别很大,这两种半导体材料能级匹配,光生电子和空穴可以发生有效的分离,使它们复合几率减小,从而可以提高TiO2的光催化活性。本文主要研究内容如下:
1.利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物,考察了不同退火温度和不同的锡含量对材料晶型的影响。采用x-射线衍射(XRD)对合成材料进行了分析表征。结果表明,SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物中锡促进了二氧化钛中锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,但锡的加入能抑制材料颗粒的生长,TEM表征说明SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物的粒径比纯TiO2的粒径要小。
2.利用亚甲基蓝水溶液和中性红水溶液两种偶氮染料对合成的材料进行了光催化活性测试,测试结构表明,SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物的光催化活性比纯TiO2的光催化活性要好;并且随着SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物中锡的量的不同其催化活性不同,优化了具有最佳催化活性材料的制备条件。另外,光催化实验说明,相同的材料催化不同的染料时,其光催化活性不同,这与其被降解的染料的结构有关。
3.考察了薄膜的光学帯隙宽度，利用紫外-可见光谱对薄膜的吸收进行了分析表征。分析结果说明:随着煅烧温度的增高,SnxTi1-xO2混合结构薄膜的帯隙宽度逐渐减小;在相同条件下制备的材料,随着SnxTi1-xO2复合薄膜中锡的量的增加,其帯隙宽度是呈现减小趋势的。
In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been a popular photocatalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants in water and air. However, TiO2 photocatalysts have an inherent and significant drawback; that is, the photogenerated charge carriers (hole-electron pairs) can recombine. Therefore, to increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, it is important to decrease the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Coupling TiO2 with other semiconductors can provide a beneficial solution for this drawback. TiO2 and SnO2 are rutile crystal, but have different property. The energy gaps of these two semi-conductors are match, which can prevent the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers,and show efficient photoactivity.
This dissertation consists of following contents.
1. The sol-gel technique has been used to prepare SnxTi1-xO2 composite oxide with different amounts of Sn. X-ray diffraction (XRD), was used to characterize the phase transition at different heat treatment temperature. In some way, Sn doping promote the phase transition from anatase phase to rutile phase and the grain size of the SnxTi1-xO2 composite is smaller than that of TiO2.
2. The photo-catalyst tests was evaluated by decomposition of methylene blue and neutral red solution. As a result, the SnxTi1-xO2 composite oxides show a more efficient photoactivity for degradation of methylene blue and neutral red in solution, and the photo-catalyst activity is different when x is different in the SnxTi1-xO2. On the other hand, the efficient photo-activity of same kind of photo-catalyst is assosiated with the structure of the dye.
3. Using optical transmittance measurements in the UV- visible range, it has been found that the prepared SnxTi1-xO2 composite films exhibit smaller energy band gaps(Eg) than those of pure TiO2 thin films and the energy band gap shows a decrease as calcined temperature increase. Additionally, the Eg shows a decrease as the tin content in the films increases. The smaller energy gap which might favor the generation of more electron-hole pairs than those generated in TiO2 films when illuminated with ultraviolet(UV) irradiation.
1.利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物,考察了不同退火温度和不同的锡含量对材料晶型的影响。采用x-射线衍射(XRD)对合成材料进行了分析表征。结果表明,SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物中锡促进了二氧化钛中锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,但锡的加入能抑制材料颗粒的生长,TEM表征说明SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物的粒径比纯TiO2的粒径要小。
2.利用亚甲基蓝水溶液和中性红水溶液两种偶氮染料对合成的材料进行了光催化活性测试,测试结构表明,SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物的光催化活性比纯TiO2的光催化活性要好;并且随着SnxTi1-xO2复合氧化物中锡的量的不同其催化活性不同,优化了具有最佳催化活性材料的制备条件。另外,光催化实验说明,相同的材料催化不同的染料时,其光催化活性不同,这与其被降解的染料的结构有关。
3.考察了薄膜的光学帯隙宽度，利用紫外-可见光谱对薄膜的吸收进行了分析表征。分析结果说明:随着煅烧温度的增高,SnxTi1-xO2混合结构薄膜的帯隙宽度逐渐减小;在相同条件下制备的材料,随着SnxTi1-xO2复合薄膜中锡的量的增加,其帯隙宽度是呈现减小趋势的。
In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been a popular photocatalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants in water and air. However, TiO2 photocatalysts have an inherent and significant drawback; that is, the photogenerated charge carriers (hole-electron pairs) can recombine. Therefore, to increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, it is important to decrease the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Coupling TiO2 with other semiconductors can provide a beneficial solution for this drawback. TiO2 and SnO2 are rutile crystal, but have different property. The energy gaps of these two semi-conductors are match, which can prevent the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers,and show efficient photoactivity.
This dissertation consists of following contents.
1. The sol-gel technique has been used to prepare SnxTi1-xO2 composite oxide with different amounts of Sn. X-ray diffraction (XRD), was used to characterize the phase transition at different heat treatment temperature. In some way, Sn doping promote the phase transition from anatase phase to rutile phase and the grain size of the SnxTi1-xO2 composite is smaller than that of TiO2.
2. The photo-catalyst tests was evaluated by decomposition of methylene blue and neutral red solution. As a result, the SnxTi1-xO2 composite oxides show a more efficient photoactivity for degradation of methylene blue and neutral red in solution, and the photo-catalyst activity is different when x is different in the SnxTi1-xO2. On the other hand, the efficient photo-activity of same kind of photo-catalyst is assosiated with the structure of the dye.
3. Using optical transmittance measurements in the UV- visible range, it has been found that the prepared SnxTi1-xO2 composite films exhibit smaller energy band gaps(Eg) than those of pure TiO2 thin films and the energy band gap shows a decrease as calcined temperature increase. Additionally, the Eg shows a decrease as the tin content in the films increases. The smaller energy gap which might favor the generation of more electron-hole pairs than those generated in TiO2 films when illuminated with ultraviolet(UV) irradiation.
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