转Bt基因棉对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群消长的影响
摘要
本文通过对转Bt基因品种棉田全生育期不治虫、常规品种棉田全生育期不治虫和常规品种棉田全生育期治虫三种类型棉田主要害虫及天敌种群消长情况进行了调查分析。结果表明：
1．转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫、棉造桥虫幼虫均有良好的抗性，棉铃虫在转Bt基因棉棉田的落卵量比常规棉不治虫棉田的落卵量第2代减少33.3％，第3代增多35％，第4代增多32.5％，而比常规棉治虫棉田的落卵量第2代减少10.1％，第3代增加42.8％，第4代增加56％；第2代棉铃虫幼虫数量，转Bt基因棉田比常规棉不治虫棉田减少90％；第3代减少了84.9％，第4代减少了74.9％；而比常规棉治虫棉田的第2代减少53％。但第3代增多26.5％，第4代增多55.1％；转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫的棉造桥虫减少87.8％，比常规棉治虫的棉田减少54.3％。
2．转Bt基因棉对非鳞翅目害虫有间接影响。转Bt基因棉棉田苗期蚜虫比常规棉不治虫的棉田减少14.3％，比常规棉治虫的棉田增多82.7％，花铃期的伏蚜比常规棉不治虫的棉田增多8.0％，比常规棉治虫的棉田增多67.5％；转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫的棉田红蜘蛛、盲椿象分别减少31.1％、3.1％，比常规棉治虫的棉田红蜘蛛、盲椿象分别增多88.1％、40.2％：转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫棉田的白粉虱、棉叶蝉分别增多58.8％、15.3％，比常规棉治虫棉田的白粉虱、棉叶蝉分别增多70.6％、62.3％。
3．转Bt基因棉对天敌总量无明显影响。转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫棉田捕食性天敌增多27.2％，寄生性天敌减少11.9％，天敌总量无明显差异；但与常规棉治虫棉田相比，捕食性天敌增多83.8％，寄生性天敌增多60.8％，天敌总量增加明显。
The paper studied the population dynamic of the main pests and their natural enemies in no-control pest transgenic Bt cotton field no-control pest normal cotton fields pest-control normal cotton field. The results are outlined as follows:
1. Bt cotton was highly resistant to cotton bollworm and anomis flava. The fallen eggs of second generation decreased by33.3% and that of third ,fourth generation increased by 35 % 32.5%than that of no-control pest field; but than that of pest-control field, the second generation decreased by 10.1%,the third and fourth increased by 42.8% 56%.The second third fourth generation bollworm decreased by90% 84.9% 74.9% respectively than that of no-control pest field ;and the second decreased by 53%, the third and fourth increased by 26.5% 55.1% than that of pest-control field .Anomis decreased by 87.7% than that of no-control field and 54.3% than that of pest-control field.
2. Bt cotton had an indirect effect on non-lepidopteran pests. Compared with that of no-control pest field ,the seedling aphids decreased by 14.3% , the summer aphids increased by 8.0% ,the red spider mite and stinkbug decreased by 33.1% 3.1%, the thiailrides vaporariorumand Empoasca biguttula shiraki increased by 58.8% 15.3% ;But compared with that of pest-control field, the seedling aphids , summer aphids red spider mite stinkbug thiailrides vaporarionim empoasca biguttula shiaki increased by 82.7% 67.5% 88.1% 40.2%. 70.6% 62.3% respectively.
3. Bt cotton had no obvious effect on the total number of natural enemy .In no-control pest field, preying natural enemies increased by 27.2%, parasitic natural enemies decreased by 11.9%, the total number had no significant difference ; In pest-control field , preying and parasitic natural enemies increased by 83.8% 60.8%, and the total number raised significantly.
1．转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫、棉造桥虫幼虫均有良好的抗性，棉铃虫在转Bt基因棉棉田的落卵量比常规棉不治虫棉田的落卵量第2代减少33.3％，第3代增多35％，第4代增多32.5％，而比常规棉治虫棉田的落卵量第2代减少10.1％，第3代增加42.8％，第4代增加56％；第2代棉铃虫幼虫数量，转Bt基因棉田比常规棉不治虫棉田减少90％；第3代减少了84.9％，第4代减少了74.9％；而比常规棉治虫棉田的第2代减少53％。但第3代增多26.5％，第4代增多55.1％；转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫的棉造桥虫减少87.8％，比常规棉治虫的棉田减少54.3％。
2．转Bt基因棉对非鳞翅目害虫有间接影响。转Bt基因棉棉田苗期蚜虫比常规棉不治虫的棉田减少14.3％，比常规棉治虫的棉田增多82.7％，花铃期的伏蚜比常规棉不治虫的棉田增多8.0％，比常规棉治虫的棉田增多67.5％；转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫的棉田红蜘蛛、盲椿象分别减少31.1％、3.1％，比常规棉治虫的棉田红蜘蛛、盲椿象分别增多88.1％、40.2％：转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫棉田的白粉虱、棉叶蝉分别增多58.8％、15.3％，比常规棉治虫棉田的白粉虱、棉叶蝉分别增多70.6％、62.3％。
3．转Bt基因棉对天敌总量无明显影响。转Bt基因棉比常规棉不治虫棉田捕食性天敌增多27.2％，寄生性天敌减少11.9％，天敌总量无明显差异；但与常规棉治虫棉田相比，捕食性天敌增多83.8％，寄生性天敌增多60.8％，天敌总量增加明显。
The paper studied the population dynamic of the main pests and their natural enemies in no-control pest transgenic Bt cotton field no-control pest normal cotton fields pest-control normal cotton field. The results are outlined as follows:
1. Bt cotton was highly resistant to cotton bollworm and anomis flava. The fallen eggs of second generation decreased by33.3% and that of third ,fourth generation increased by 35 % 32.5%than that of no-control pest field; but than that of pest-control field, the second generation decreased by 10.1%,the third and fourth increased by 42.8% 56%.The second third fourth generation bollworm decreased by90% 84.9% 74.9% respectively than that of no-control pest field ;and the second decreased by 53%, the third and fourth increased by 26.5% 55.1% than that of pest-control field .Anomis decreased by 87.7% than that of no-control field and 54.3% than that of pest-control field.
2. Bt cotton had an indirect effect on non-lepidopteran pests. Compared with that of no-control pest field ,the seedling aphids decreased by 14.3% , the summer aphids increased by 8.0% ,the red spider mite and stinkbug decreased by 33.1% 3.1%, the thiailrides vaporariorumand Empoasca biguttula shiraki increased by 58.8% 15.3% ;But compared with that of pest-control field, the seedling aphids , summer aphids red spider mite stinkbug thiailrides vaporarionim empoasca biguttula shiaki increased by 82.7% 67.5% 88.1% 40.2%. 70.6% 62.3% respectively.
3. Bt cotton had no obvious effect on the total number of natural enemy .In no-control pest field, preying natural enemies increased by 27.2%, parasitic natural enemies decreased by 11.9%, the total number had no significant difference ; In pest-control field , preying and parasitic natural enemies increased by 83.8% 60.8%, and the total number raised significantly.
引文
[1] 夏敬源．棉铃虫抗药性现状及治理对策，棉花学报，1993，5(3)：1-6。
[2] Schnepfh, HE et al. Cloning and expression of the Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene in Escherichia coli. Proc NatlAcad Sci USA,1981,78(5);2893-2897
[3] Perlak F.J et al. Insect resistant cotton plants.Biotechology,1990,8:939-943
[4] Jenkins, J. H et al. Field and laboratory evaluations of transgenic cotton strains containing a gene from Basillus thuringiensis strain HD1.Proc Belt cotton Prod Res Con,1990,635
[5] Murry, E E et al. Analysis of unstable RNA transcripts of insecticidal orystal protein genes of Bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic plants and electroorated protoplasts. Plant Mol,Biol,1991,16:1035～1050
[6] Perlak, F J et al, Modification of the coding sequence enhances plant expression of insect control protein genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci(USA), 1991, 88: 3324～3328
[7] Jones, K et al. Performance of NUCOTN with bollgard. Proc Belt cotton Prod Rescon,1996,46～48
[8] Forrester, N.The researeh's view... The Australia cottongrower, 1997, (1):23
[9] Jagger,R.The company view... The Australia cottongrower, 1997, (1): 26
[10] Armstrong T A etal. Lmproved Expression of the Bt Insecticidal Protein in Transgenic Plants. Proc. Belt cotton, 1990; 576
[11] Bendict Hetal. Behavior, Grawth, Surival and Plant Injury for Heliothis virescence onTransgenic Bt cottons. S. Econ. Entomol, 1992, 85; 589～593
[12] Jenkins Netal, Growth and survival of Helilthis virescence on Transgenic Cotton Con taining A Truncated form of the Delt-endotoxin Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.J.Econ.Enomol 1993,86;181～185
[13] 崔洪志．我国抗虫转Bt基因棉花取得重大进展，中国农业科学，1996，29(1)：93
[14] 谢道昕．苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因导入棉花获得转基因植株，中国科学B辑，1991，(4)：367
[15] 夏敬源．抗虫棉花铃虫综合治理中的作用，中国棉花，1995，22(8)：8-10
[16] 赵建周．转Bt基因棉花在害虫综合防治中的作用，抗性问题及其对策，中国植物保护研究进展，1996；447～452
[17] 丰嵘．外源Bt基因对棉花产量性及抗性的影响，棉花学报，1996，8(1)；10～13
[18] 束春娥．Bt转基因棉花抗棉铃虫毒性机理研究，棉花学报，1996，8(4)；219～222
[19] 陈松．转Bt转基因抗虫棉棉子安全性评价—鲤鱼慢性毒性试验，棉花学报，1996，(12)：2
[20] 陈松．转Bt转基因棉—鼠鹌鹑的急慢性毒性试验，江苏农业科学，1996，(12)：27
[21] 董双林．转基因Bt棉花对棉铃虫，玉米螟及小弟老虎的抗生性测定，中国棉花，1996，23(12)：15-17
[22] Halcomb,JL.Survival and growth of bollworm and tobacco budworm on nontransgenic and transgenic cotton expressing a crylA insedicidal protein. Environmental Entomology, 1996,252): 250-255
[23] 王武刚．对棉铃虫的抗虫性表现及利用研究。中国农业科学，1997，30(1)：19-24
[24] 王留明．转基因Bt棉花在山东棉区的抗虫性特性及棉田害虫发生与防治。中国棉花，2001，28(4)：5-8
[25] 樊宝华．Bt抗虫棉棉田棉铃虫防治指标研究，山西农业科学；2001，29(2)40～42
[26] 邢朝柱．转Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白含量时空分布及对棉铃虫产生抗性的影响棉花学报 2001．13(1)：11-15
[27] McWhorter, E.Bt-UPClose;year one. Cotton farming, 1997(1);10
[28] 董双林．转基因Bt棉花及其抗虫性研究与利用进展，棉花学报，199810(2)：57-63
[29] 董双林．转基因Bt棉花对棉铃虫存活，生长及危害的影响，中国植物保护研究进展，1996，425-429
[30] Clark, D, The comsultant view... The Australia Cottongrower 1998(1) 27
[31] Wilson, FD etal. Resistance of cotton lines containing an Bacillus thuringiensis toxin to pink bollworm and other insects.J.Econ Entomol,1992,85(4):1516～1521
[32] 董双林．转Bt基因棉抗虫性研究简报，棉花学报，1996，8(6)334～335
[33] 夏敬源．转Bt基因抗虫棉在害虫综合防治中的作用研究 棉花学报 1999，12，(2)：57-64
[34] 赵建周．棉铃虫对转Bt基因抗虫棉的抗性问题与对策．农业生物技术通讯，1998；1～2
[2] Schnepfh, HE et al. Cloning and expression of the Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene in Escherichia coli. Proc NatlAcad Sci USA,1981,78(5);2893-2897
[3] Perlak F.J et al. Insect resistant cotton plants.Biotechology,1990,8:939-943
[4] Jenkins, J. H et al. Field and laboratory evaluations of transgenic cotton strains containing a gene from Basillus thuringiensis strain HD1.Proc Belt cotton Prod Res Con,1990,635
[5] Murry, E E et al. Analysis of unstable RNA transcripts of insecticidal orystal protein genes of Bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic plants and electroorated protoplasts. Plant Mol,Biol,1991,16:1035～1050
[6] Perlak, F J et al, Modification of the coding sequence enhances plant expression of insect control protein genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci(USA), 1991, 88: 3324～3328
[7] Jones, K et al. Performance of NUCOTN with bollgard. Proc Belt cotton Prod Rescon,1996,46～48
[8] Forrester, N.The researeh's view... The Australia cottongrower, 1997, (1):23
[9] Jagger,R.The company view... The Australia cottongrower, 1997, (1): 26
[10] Armstrong T A etal. Lmproved Expression of the Bt Insecticidal Protein in Transgenic Plants. Proc. Belt cotton, 1990; 576
[11] Bendict Hetal. Behavior, Grawth, Surival and Plant Injury for Heliothis virescence onTransgenic Bt cottons. S. Econ. Entomol, 1992, 85; 589～593
[12] Jenkins Netal, Growth and survival of Helilthis virescence on Transgenic Cotton Con taining A Truncated form of the Delt-endotoxin Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.J.Econ.Enomol 1993,86;181～185
[13] 崔洪志．我国抗虫转Bt基因棉花取得重大进展，中国农业科学，1996，29(1)：93
[14] 谢道昕．苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因导入棉花获得转基因植株，中国科学B辑，1991，(4)：367
[15] 夏敬源．抗虫棉花铃虫综合治理中的作用，中国棉花，1995，22(8)：8-10
[16] 赵建周．转Bt基因棉花在害虫综合防治中的作用，抗性问题及其对策，中国植物保护研究进展，1996；447～452
[17] 丰嵘．外源Bt基因对棉花产量性及抗性的影响，棉花学报，1996，8(1)；10～13
[18] 束春娥．Bt转基因棉花抗棉铃虫毒性机理研究，棉花学报，1996，8(4)；219～222
[19] 陈松．转Bt转基因抗虫棉棉子安全性评价—鲤鱼慢性毒性试验，棉花学报，1996，(12)：2
[20] 陈松．转Bt转基因棉—鼠鹌鹑的急慢性毒性试验，江苏农业科学，1996，(12)：27
[21] 董双林．转基因Bt棉花对棉铃虫，玉米螟及小弟老虎的抗生性测定，中国棉花，1996，23(12)：15-17
[22] Halcomb,JL.Survival and growth of bollworm and tobacco budworm on nontransgenic and transgenic cotton expressing a crylA insedicidal protein. Environmental Entomology, 1996,252): 250-255
[23] 王武刚．对棉铃虫的抗虫性表现及利用研究。中国农业科学，1997，30(1)：19-24
[24] 王留明．转基因Bt棉花在山东棉区的抗虫性特性及棉田害虫发生与防治。中国棉花，2001，28(4)：5-8
[25] 樊宝华．Bt抗虫棉棉田棉铃虫防治指标研究，山西农业科学；2001，29(2)40～42
[26] 邢朝柱．转Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白含量时空分布及对棉铃虫产生抗性的影响棉花学报 2001．13(1)：11-15
[27] McWhorter, E.Bt-UPClose;year one. Cotton farming, 1997(1);10
[28] 董双林．转基因Bt棉花及其抗虫性研究与利用进展，棉花学报，199810(2)：57-63
[29] 董双林．转基因Bt棉花对棉铃虫存活，生长及危害的影响，中国植物保护研究进展，1996，425-429
[30] Clark, D, The comsultant view... The Australia Cottongrower 1998(1) 27
[31] Wilson, FD etal. Resistance of cotton lines containing an Bacillus thuringiensis toxin to pink bollworm and other insects.J.Econ Entomol,1992,85(4):1516～1521
[32] 董双林．转Bt基因棉抗虫性研究简报，棉花学报，1996，8(6)334～335
[33] 夏敬源．转Bt基因抗虫棉在害虫综合防治中的作用研究 棉花学报 1999，12，(2)：57-64
[34] 赵建周．棉铃虫对转Bt基因抗虫棉的抗性问题与对策．农业生物技术通讯，1998；1～2