柴达木盆地西部七个泉—红柳泉地区第三系层序生物地层学研究
|
摘要
柴达木盆地第三系自下而上发育有古近系路乐河组、下干柴沟组、上干柴沟组,新近系下油砂山组、上油砂山组、狮子沟组共六套地层。
层序生物地层学是层序地层学和生物地层学交叉的产物。高分辨层序地层的基准面旋回转换面与地震层序界面共同构成一个等时地层格架,在古生物化石限定一段地层的时代之后,地层界线就以基准面旋迴转换面为依据。各地层“组”的时间跨度均符合二级层序的年限,定义为长期旋迴,所以长期旋迴以现有的岩石地层单位为基准,其界面相当于T0～T5地震标准层。GR曲线有规律的波动和短期基准面旋迴叠加方式的改变是识别中期旋迴的有效依据。
柴西七个泉构造可识别的高分辨率层序地层中期基准面旋迴数为:狮子沟组2个,命名为S1-2;上油组3个,命名为SY1-3;下油组4个,命名为XY1-4;上柴组3个,命名为SC1-3;下柴组上段5个,命名为XS1-5;下柴组下段3个,命名为XX1-3;红柳泉构造与此相似。在七个泉和红柳泉地区选择了四条过井地震剖面,构成一组“井”字形闭合剖面,化石标定时代,基准面旋迴确定分界。古近纪红深10井南、北至少各存在一个沉积凹陷,红深10井至七24井方向很可能是古近纪的一个断裂构造带,分割了七个泉和红柳泉两个沉积凹陷区。层序生物地层对比结果显示,中星介在下油组和上柴组均有分布,正星介在上油组和下油组均有分布。
生态体系域是在层序地层演化过程中,以特有的古生物组合反映层序体系域环境属性的一套沉积体。本文划分了四个生态体系域(生态域),分别是:1.土星介生态域,2.球星介生态域,3.正星介生态域,4.轮藻生态域。土星介生态域主要与三级层序的TST相对应,正星介生态域对应HST或TST下部,斗星介生态域接近基准面下降-上升的转换点。轮藻生态域在TST和HST均能形成,但对水体的盐度要求是淡水-少盐水。
生态体系域作为一个研究化石与环境关系的整体,其化石组成分子的出现就代表这一生态域的存在,生态体系域的存在为层序体系域的确立提供支持,同时可说明其环境属性,这就是生态体系域在层序体系域划分研究中的意义所在。
Tertiary strata of Qaidam basin include Lulehe Formation, Lower Ganchaigou Formation, Upper Ganchaigou Formation of Paleogene, and Lower Youshashan Formation, Upper Youshashan Formation, Shizigou Formation of Neogene from bottom to top.
The sequence biostratigraphy is a multidiscipline integrated sequence stratigraphy with biostratigraphy. The interface of the base level cycle of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and the seismic sequence boundary jointly make up of an isochronous stratigraphic frame. After dating a member of stratum, using palaeontological fossils, the stratum borders can be determined according to the base level. The time span of the formations in each stratum is in accord with the age of the second-order sequence without exception, which is defined as a long-term cycle. Therefore, the long-term cycle is benchmarked on an existing lithostratigraphic unit, whose interface is equivalent to T0~T5 seismic markers. The disciplinarian fluctuation of GR curve and the change of superposition mode of short-term base level cycle are an effective basis for identifying the medium-term base level cycles.
The number of the medium-term base level cycle identified in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of Qigequan structure in Qaidam basin includes two cycles in Shizigou Formation (named as S1-2 ), three cycles in Upper Youshashan Formation (named as SY1-3), four cycles in Lower Youshashan Formation (named as XY1-4), three cycles in Upper Ganchaigou Formation (named as SC1-3), five cycles in Lower Ganchaigou Formation (named as XS1-5), and three cycles in lower member of Lower Ganchaigou Formation (named as XX1-3). The cycles in Hongliuquan Structure resemble those of the Qigequan structure.
We chose four seismic profiles across wells in Qigequan and Hongliuquan regions, composing a group of closed netlike sections, and dated using fossils, confirmed the boundary by base level cycles. In south and north of well Hongshen 10 there at least exists a Paleocene depositional depression. In the region of well Hongshen 10 and well Qi 24 there likely exists an Paleocene fault zone, whichseparated the two depositional depressions of Qigequan and Hongliuquan. In a sequence biostratigraphic framework, the fossil Mediocypris distributes in the Lower Youshashan Formation and Upper Ganchaigou Formation and the fossil Cyprideis distributes in the Upper and Lower Youshashan Formations.
Ecological system tract is a sedimentary body reflecting the environmental attribute of sequence system tracts using a proper palaeontology assemblage during a sequence stratigraphic evolutional process. The four ecological system tracts (biochore) in this paper are divided as follows: No.1 Ilyocypris ecological tract; No. 2 Cyclocypris ecological tract; No. 3 Cyprideis ecological tract; No. 4 Charophyte ecological tract. The Ilyocypris ecological tract mainly corresponds to the TST in the third-order sequence, and the Cyprideis ecological tract to the HST or the lower TST. The Cyclocypris ecological tract is close to the changing point of decline and rise of the base level. The Charophyte ecological tract can be formed in both TST and HST, while its salinity of water body is fresh to somewhat saline.
The fossils of ecological tract reflecting an entire study of the relation of the fossils and environments indicate the existence of the tract which can support the confirmation of the tract of sequence stratigraphy and demonstrate its environmental attribute as well. This is the significance of the ecological system tract in the research of the classification of the system tracts of stratigraphic sequence.
层序生物地层学是层序地层学和生物地层学交叉的产物。高分辨层序地层的基准面旋回转换面与地震层序界面共同构成一个等时地层格架,在古生物化石限定一段地层的时代之后,地层界线就以基准面旋迴转换面为依据。各地层“组”的时间跨度均符合二级层序的年限,定义为长期旋迴,所以长期旋迴以现有的岩石地层单位为基准,其界面相当于T0～T5地震标准层。GR曲线有规律的波动和短期基准面旋迴叠加方式的改变是识别中期旋迴的有效依据。
柴西七个泉构造可识别的高分辨率层序地层中期基准面旋迴数为:狮子沟组2个,命名为S1-2;上油组3个,命名为SY1-3;下油组4个,命名为XY1-4;上柴组3个,命名为SC1-3;下柴组上段5个,命名为XS1-5;下柴组下段3个,命名为XX1-3;红柳泉构造与此相似。在七个泉和红柳泉地区选择了四条过井地震剖面,构成一组“井”字形闭合剖面,化石标定时代,基准面旋迴确定分界。古近纪红深10井南、北至少各存在一个沉积凹陷,红深10井至七24井方向很可能是古近纪的一个断裂构造带,分割了七个泉和红柳泉两个沉积凹陷区。层序生物地层对比结果显示,中星介在下油组和上柴组均有分布,正星介在上油组和下油组均有分布。
生态体系域是在层序地层演化过程中,以特有的古生物组合反映层序体系域环境属性的一套沉积体。本文划分了四个生态体系域(生态域),分别是:1.土星介生态域,2.球星介生态域,3.正星介生态域,4.轮藻生态域。土星介生态域主要与三级层序的TST相对应,正星介生态域对应HST或TST下部,斗星介生态域接近基准面下降-上升的转换点。轮藻生态域在TST和HST均能形成,但对水体的盐度要求是淡水-少盐水。
生态体系域作为一个研究化石与环境关系的整体,其化石组成分子的出现就代表这一生态域的存在,生态体系域的存在为层序体系域的确立提供支持,同时可说明其环境属性,这就是生态体系域在层序体系域划分研究中的意义所在。
Tertiary strata of Qaidam basin include Lulehe Formation, Lower Ganchaigou Formation, Upper Ganchaigou Formation of Paleogene, and Lower Youshashan Formation, Upper Youshashan Formation, Shizigou Formation of Neogene from bottom to top.
The sequence biostratigraphy is a multidiscipline integrated sequence stratigraphy with biostratigraphy. The interface of the base level cycle of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and the seismic sequence boundary jointly make up of an isochronous stratigraphic frame. After dating a member of stratum, using palaeontological fossils, the stratum borders can be determined according to the base level. The time span of the formations in each stratum is in accord with the age of the second-order sequence without exception, which is defined as a long-term cycle. Therefore, the long-term cycle is benchmarked on an existing lithostratigraphic unit, whose interface is equivalent to T0~T5 seismic markers. The disciplinarian fluctuation of GR curve and the change of superposition mode of short-term base level cycle are an effective basis for identifying the medium-term base level cycles.
The number of the medium-term base level cycle identified in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of Qigequan structure in Qaidam basin includes two cycles in Shizigou Formation (named as S1-2 ), three cycles in Upper Youshashan Formation (named as SY1-3), four cycles in Lower Youshashan Formation (named as XY1-4), three cycles in Upper Ganchaigou Formation (named as SC1-3), five cycles in Lower Ganchaigou Formation (named as XS1-5), and three cycles in lower member of Lower Ganchaigou Formation (named as XX1-3). The cycles in Hongliuquan Structure resemble those of the Qigequan structure.
We chose four seismic profiles across wells in Qigequan and Hongliuquan regions, composing a group of closed netlike sections, and dated using fossils, confirmed the boundary by base level cycles. In south and north of well Hongshen 10 there at least exists a Paleocene depositional depression. In the region of well Hongshen 10 and well Qi 24 there likely exists an Paleocene fault zone, whichseparated the two depositional depressions of Qigequan and Hongliuquan. In a sequence biostratigraphic framework, the fossil Mediocypris distributes in the Lower Youshashan Formation and Upper Ganchaigou Formation and the fossil Cyprideis distributes in the Upper and Lower Youshashan Formations.
Ecological system tract is a sedimentary body reflecting the environmental attribute of sequence system tracts using a proper palaeontology assemblage during a sequence stratigraphic evolutional process. The four ecological system tracts (biochore) in this paper are divided as follows: No.1 Ilyocypris ecological tract; No. 2 Cyclocypris ecological tract; No. 3 Cyprideis ecological tract; No. 4 Charophyte ecological tract. The Ilyocypris ecological tract mainly corresponds to the TST in the third-order sequence, and the Cyprideis ecological tract to the HST or the lower TST. The Cyclocypris ecological tract is close to the changing point of decline and rise of the base level. The Charophyte ecological tract can be formed in both TST and HST, while its salinity of water body is fresh to somewhat saline.
The fossils of ecological tract reflecting an entire study of the relation of the fossils and environments indicate the existence of the tract which can support the confirmation of the tract of sequence stratigraphy and demonstrate its environmental attribute as well. This is the significance of the ecological system tract in the research of the classification of the system tracts of stratigraphic sequence.
引文
[1] Vail, P.R. Seismic stratigraphy - applications to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG.Memoir,1977, 26: 63-97
[2] Posamentier H W, Jervey M T, Vail P R. Eustatic controls on clasticdepositition Ⅱ: Concep tual Framework. SEPM Special Publication,1988, 42: 109-125.
[3] Van Wagoner J C. , Mitchum R M. , Campion KM. ,RahmanianV D. Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and outcrops.A.A.P.G methods in Exploration Series,1990, (7).
[4] Cross T. A. High-resolution stratigraphic correlation from the perception of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation.In: Proceeding of Northwestern Europian Sequence Stratigraphy Congress, 1994. 105-123
[5] Vail P R. Seismicstratigraphy interpretation using sequencestratigraphy.Part1 : Seismicstrati- graphy interpretation procedure ,in A.W.Bally ,ed ,Atlas of Seismicstratigraphy,volumeAAPG Studies in Geology27,1987 :1-101
[6] Galloway W E. Genetic stratigraphic sequence in basin analysis: architecture and genesis of flooding surface bounded depositional units. AAPG, 1989:125-142
[7] 威尔格斯 C.K.等编,徐怀大等译,层序地层学原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.49-184
[8] 王洪亮,邓宏文. 地层基准面原理在湖相储层预测中的应用. 石油与天然气地质,1997, 19(2):96-102
[9] 邓宏文,王洪亮,李熙吉吉.层序地层地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用.石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177-18
[10] 曾允孚,覃建雄. 沉积学发展现状与前瞻.成都理工学院学报 1999,26(1):1-7
[11] Wheeler H E.Base-level, lithosphere surface and time-stratigraphy.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1964, 75: 599-610
[12] 邓宏文,王红亮,祝永军等.高分辨率层序地层学——原理及应用.北京:地质出版社,2002.3-202
[13] Cross T A, Lessenger M A. Sediment volume partitioning: rationale for stratigraphic model evolution and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation. In: Gradstein F M, Sandvik K O, Milton N J. Sequence stratigraphic concept and application. NPF Special Publication, 1998,8: 171-195
[14] 邓宏文.沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础. 地学前缘, 2000, 7⑷: 305-313
[15] 陈 波 , 陈 恭 洋 , 保 吉 成 . 港 东 油 田 二 区 一 断 块 高 分 辨 率 层 序 地 层 . 沉 积 学报,2000,18(2):263-267
[16] 柳永清,李 寅.准噶尔盆地侏罗系露头层序地层及沉积学特征. 地球学报,
[17] 刘豪,王英民,王媛,等.用高分辨率层序地层学进行非构造圈闭研究. 西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2001,16(6):1-4
[18] 郑荣才,彭 军.陕北志丹三角洲长 6 油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比.沉积学报, 2002,20(1):92-100
[19] 车树立,管守锐.基准面识别技术在古地理分析中的应用——以柴达木盆地中生代地层为例.1999,19(5):34-39
[20] Sangree J B,Vail P R.层序地层学的应用——地震、钻井和露头资料的层序地层解释.国外石油地质,1989,(2):1-75
[21] 雷 振 宇 , 周 洪 瑞 . 露 头 层 序 地 层 研 究 中 的 几 个 基 本 问 题 . 地 质 科 技 情报,1995,14(2):37-44
[22] 王 训 练 . 露 头 层 序 地 层 学 研 究 的 几 个 基 本 理 论 问 题 . 中 国 科 学 ,D辑,1999,29(1):22-30.
[23] 郭宪璞,彭阳,丁孝忠.化石群落与层序地层的耦合关系研究——以塔里木盆地西部中新生代有孔虫群落与层序地层关系研究为例.2000,21(7):377-382
[24] 郝芳, 陈建渝.层序和体系域的有机相构成及研究意义.地质科技情报, 1995 , 14 (3) : 79-83.
[25] 郝芳,陈建渝,孙永传,等.有机相研究及其在盆地分析中的应用.沉积学报,1994,12(4): 77-86.
[26] 刘立,王东坡. 湖相油页岩的沉积环境及其层序地层意义.石油实验地质,1996,18 (3): 311-316.
[27] 杨明慧,夏文臣, 张兵山,等. 非海相盆地准层序级别的有机相变化及其地质意义. 沉积学报, 2000 , 18 (2) : 297-301.
[28] 李美俊.大民屯凹陷层序地层地球化学及油气成藏特征.北京:中国地质大学,2003:135
[29] 肖乾华.断陷盆地成藏动力系统及油气富集规律研究——以大民屯凹陷为例.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.153
[30] 郝黎明,邵龙义.基于层序地层格架的有机相研究进展.地质科技情报,2000,19(4): 60-64
[31] 鲁洪波,姜在兴.高分辨率层序地层学在资源序列评价中的应用.石油大学学报,1997, 21(5):9-12.
[32] 李美俊,李思田,杨龙,等.层序地层地球化学及其在油气勘探中的作用.地学前缘, 2005,12(3):219-226
[33] Holland S M, 1995. The stratigraphic distribution of fossils. Palaeontology,21(1) 92-109.
[34] 殷鸿福,童金南,张克信,等.为层序地层学服务的生态地层学研究.中国科学(D辑),1997,27(2):155-163
[35] Walliser O H. Pleading for a natural D/C boundary. Courier Forschungs institut Sen -ckenberg, 1984,67:241-246.
[36] Walliser O H. Natural boundaries and commission boundaries in the Devonian Courier Forschungs institut Senckenberg, 1985, 75: 401-408.
[37] 陈建强,王训练,于炳松,等.层序地层与地层界线优化.地层学杂志,2001,25(4):241-246.
[38] 陈中强,钟石兰,杨少坤,等.微古生物在高分辨层序地层学中的应用.微体古生物学报,1998,15(2):134-141
[39] 杨平.柴达木盆地冷湖地区中—晚始新世化石轮藻LAMPROTHAMNIUM GANCHAIGOUENSIS组合带及其层序生物地层学意义(英).微体古生物学报.2003,20(2):166-171.
[40] 付国民,李永军,梁志录,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡层序地层及湖盆充填型式.中国地 质,2002,29(2):171-177
[41] 朱筱敏,康安,胡宗全,等.柴达木盆地第四系层序地层特征与油气评价.石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):56-60
[42] 彭立才,杨慧珠.柴达木盆地大煤沟侏罗系剖面高分辨率含煤层序分析.西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(1):
[43] 李永军,付国民,阎海卿.柴达木盆地干柴沟地区第三系层序地层分析及其油气勘探意 义.西安工程学院学报,2000,22(31):11-18.
[44] 王鹏,赵澄林.柴达木盆地北缘地区第三系碎屑岩储层沉积相特征.石油大学学报,2001,25(1):12-15.
[45] 杨永泰,张宝民,李伟等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系层序地层与沉积相研究.地学前缘,2000, 7(3):145-151.
[46] 吴因业,靳久强,李永铁,等.柴达木盆地西部古近系湖侵体系域及相关储集体.古地理学报,2003,5(2):232-241
[47] 殷鸿福,童金南.层序地层界面与年代地层界线的关系.科学通报,1995,40(5):539-544
[48] 沈 守 文 , 彭 大 钧 , 等 . 层 序 地 层 学 预 测 隐 蔽 油 气 藏 的 原 理 和 方 法 . 地 球 学报,2002,21(3):300-305
[49] 张明安,鲜本忠.层序地层学在泌阳凹陷隐蔽油藏预测中的应用.石油实验地质.2003,25(4):395-403
[50] 郝黎明,邵龙义.基于层序地层格架的有机相研究进展.地质科技报,2000,19(4):60-64
[51] 杨建业,任德贻,邵龙义.沉积有机相在陆相层序地层格架中的分布特征.沉积学报,2000,18(4):585-589
[52] 黄绍甫.层序地层有机地球化学研究进展及其意义.南方国土资源,2005.6,30～33
[53] 覃建雄.层序地层学发展的若干重要方向.岩相古地理.1997,17(2):63-69
[54] 何起祥.沉积地球科学的历史回顾与展望.沉积学报.2003,21(1):10-16
[55] 何起祥.沉积地球科学若干理论问题的沿革与启示.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1997,17(3):1-6
[56] 邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派——高分辨率层序地层学.石油与天然气地质, 1995,16(2):90-97
[57] 邓宏文,王洪亮.高分辨率层序地层对比在河流相中的应用.石油与天然气地质,1997, 18(2):90-93
[58] 邓宏文,王红亮,阎伟鹏等.河流相层序地层构成模式探讨.沉积学报.2004,22(13):373-379.
[59] 李红哲,何琼英,吴青鹏等.高分辨率层序地层学在吐哈盆地浅层中的应用.天然气地球科学,2006,17(1):102-105
[60] 杨国栋,等.高分辨率层序地层学在地层对比中的应用.内江科技,2004(3):39.
[61] 郑容才,彭军,吴朝荣.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义.沉积学报,2001,19(2):249～255
[62] 张光明,陈恭洋.高分辨率层序地层学在油砂层对比中的应用.断块油气田.2004,11 (3):30-32
[63] 侯中健,陈洪德,田景春等.苏里格气田盒8段高分辨率层序结构特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版).2004,31(1):47-52.
[64] 程涛,余慧娟,佟彦明.坪北地区高分辨率层序分析与等时对比.大庆石油地质与开发, 2005,24(2):8-10.
[65] 杨藩,唐文松,魏景明,等.中国油气区第三系(Ⅱ),西北油气区分册.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.111-113
[66] 孙家振,李兰斌,等著.多信息储层预测和油气判别(原理、方法与应用实例).北京:中国地质大学出版社,1997,14-19
[67] 张万选,张厚福,等.陆相地震地层学.北京:石油大学出版社,1993
[68] Posamentier H W.Sequence biostratigraphy.AAPG,1991,75(6)
[69] 孟鹏,刘立,孙晓明,等.微体古生物—层序地层学相结合方法在地层划分中的应用——以大港滩海埕北断阶带关家堡地区古近系为例.微体古生物报,2005,22(4):417-424
[70] Plint A G, McCarthy P J,Faccini U F.Nonmarine sequence stratigraphy:Updip expression of sequence boundarie sandsystem tracts in a high-resolution framework,Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, Alberta Forel and Basin.Canada AAPG Bulletin, 2001, 85(11): 1967-2001.
[71] Grabua A W. The rhythm of the earth. Pecking: Henvi Vetch,1940.5-61
[72] Berger A. Milankovitch theory and climate.Review of Geophysics,1988,26:624-657
[73] Guidish T M, Lerche I. Relationship between eustatic sea level changes and basement subsidence. AAPG Bulletin,1984,68:164-177
[74] 樊 太 亮 , 李 庆 谋 . 沉 积 基 准 面 变 化 分 析 技 术 及 其 应 用 . 石 油 与 天 然 气 地质,1997,18(2):108-113
[75] 徐怀大.陆相层序地层学研究中的某些问题.石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):83-88
[76] Davies S J,ElliottT.Spectral gamma ray characterization of high resolution sequence stratigraphy: examples from Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic systems, County Vlare, Irland. In: Howell J A, Aitken J F,eds.High resolution sequence Stratigraphy: innovations and applications. Geological Society Special Publication, 1996,(104):25-36
[77] Armentrout J M. High resolution sequence biostratigraphy: examples from the Gulf of Mexico Plio-Pleistocene. In: Howell J A, Aitken J F, eds. High resolution sequence stratigraphy: innovations and applications. Geological Society Special Publication, 1996,(104): 65-86
[78] Mtichell S F,PaulCR,Gale A S.Carboniso topes and sequence stratigraphy.In: Howell J A,Aitken J F,eds.High resolution sequence stratigraphy:innovations and applications.Geological Society Special Publication,1996,(104):11-24
[79] Van Wagoner J C, Mitchum R M, Campion K M,et al. Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in welllogs, cores and outcrops: Concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,1990,(7):1-55
[80] 吴因业,顾家裕.油气层序地层学.北京:石油工业出版社,2000,6-200.
[81] 蒋宏忱,于炳松,等.柴达木盆地西部红狮凹陷第三系下干柴沟组层序地层格架. 现代地质,2002,16(4):382-388
[82] 于炳松,胡勇,余素玉,等.柴达木盆地西部红狮凹陷及其周缘第三系层序地层学研究. 青海油田分公司勘探开发研究院、中国地质大学(北京),2001
[83] 江波,司丹,王兰生等.柴西南地区油气成藏特征及有利储层预测.天然气工业,2004,24 (9):8-10.
[84] 吴因业,姚根顺,贾爱林 湖盆沉积学新进展 北京:石油工业出版社,1999,1-100.
[85] 青海石油管理局勘探开发研究院,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.柴达木盆地第三纪介形类动物群.南京:南京大学出版社,1988.22-47
[86] 唐伦和,狄恒恕.柴达木盆地轮藻化石.北京:科学技术文献出版社,1991.2-42
[87] 青海石油管理局勘探开发研究院,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.柴达木盆地第三纪孢粉学研究.北京:石油工业出版社,1985.3-41
[88] 冯增昭.碳酸盐岩岩相古地理学.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.180-186.
[89] 纪友亮,张世奇,等.层序地层学原理及层序成因机制模式.北京:地质出版社,1998.
[90] 魏魁生,徐怀大,叶淑芬.鄂尔多斯盆地北部奥陶系碳酸盐岩层序地层研究.地球科学一一中国地质大学学报,1996,21(1):2-25
[91] 瞿辉,徐怀大,郭齐军.塔里木盆地北部奥陶系层序地层研究.现代地质.1997,11(1)
[92] Cross T A. Controls on coal distribution in transgressive-regressive cycles, Upper Cretaceous, Western Interior, U. S. A. In: Wilgaus C K,et al. Sea2level changes: An integrated approach. SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:371-380
[93] Cross T A. Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in continental strata. Earth Sciences Frontiers ,2000 ,7(4) :322-350
[94] 徐怀大.层序地层学原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.138-184
[95] 杨式溥.古生态学—原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1993.54-163
[96] Benson,R H.Ecology of ostracodae assemblages: In R.C. Moore(ed.),Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Pt.Q.Arthropoda 3:Geol.Soc.Amer.,Boulder, Colo.,1961: 56-63
[97] J.Robert Dodd,And Robert J. Stanton, J R.古生态学概念与应用.南京:南京大学出版社,1989.61-200
[98] Whatley R. Population structure of ostracods: some general principles for recognition of palaeoenvironments.In: De Deckker P, Colin J P,Peypouquet J P, eds .Ostracoda in the earth sciences.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1988.245-256.
[99] Cohen A S,Dussinger R,Richardson J. Lacus trine paleochemical interpretations based on eastern and southern African ostracodes.Paleogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol, 1983,43:129-152.
[100] Carbonel P, Colin J-P, Danielopol D L,et al.Paleoecology of Limnic ostracodes: a review of some major topics. Paleogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol,1988,62: 413-461.
[101] 张智礼,杨湘宁,蒙启安,等.松辽盆地三肇地区泉头组三段上部介形类化石的指相意义.古生物学报.2005,44(2):260-264
[102] 姚益民,梁鸿德,蔡治国,等.中国油气区第三系(Ⅳ),渤海湾盆地.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.102-144
[103] 高瑞祺,张莹,崔同翠.松辽盆地白垩系油气层.石油工业出社,1994.111-135,235-268
[104] 蒋飞虎,杨静,王翠英.内蒙古西部白银查干凹陷早白垩世介形虫及其古生态学特征.微体古生物学报,2000,17(3):265-285
[105] 叶得泉,黄清华,张莹.松辽盆地白垩系介形类生物地层学.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.11-144
[106] Holmes J A, Patrick A, Fothergill F, et al.A high-resolution Holocene record from Sahel zone of Northeastern Nigeria.Paleolim,1998,20:369-380.
[107] Mourguiart P, Carbonel P, Peypouquet J-P,et al.Late Quaternary Palaeohydrology of Lake Huinaymarca.Hydrobiologia,1986,143:191-197.
[108] Sandburg,P A.,1964,The ostracod genus Cprideis in the Americas:Stockholm Contribs.in Geol.,12:178
[109] Vesper B.To the problem of nodding on Cyprideis torosa(Jones,1850).Bull Amer Palaeont.1975,65(282):202-216.
[110] Holmes J A.Recent non-marine Ostracoda from Jamaica,West Indies. Micropalaeon -tology.1997,16(2):137-143.
[111] 李军,余俊清.湖相介形虫古生态学在环境变化研究中的应用.盐湖研究.2002,10(1): 66-71
[112] 赵泉鸿.半咸水介形虫Tanella opima Chen的种群动态研究.微体古生物报.1992, 9(3):235-242.
[113] MacArthur,R.H. and E.O. Willson. The theory of island biogeography: Princeton University Press, Princeton. N.J., 1967. 203
[114] Levinton, J.S.,1970.The paleoecological significance of opportunistic species: Lethaia, 3:69-78
[115] Benson,R H. Morphologic stability in Ostracod: In F.M. Swain(ed.), Biology and paleobiology of Ostracoda: Bull. Amer. Paleont., 1975,65:11-46
[116] Alexander,R.R.,1977,Growth,morphology,and ecology of Paleozoic and Mesozoic opportunistic species of brachiopods from Idaho-Utah:J.Paleot.,51:1133-1149
[117] Waage,K.M.,1968,The type Fox Hills Formation, Creataceous(Maesstrichtian), South Dakota.Part 1. Stratigraphy and paleoenvironments: Peabody Mus.Bull., Yale University,27:1-171
[2] Posamentier H W, Jervey M T, Vail P R. Eustatic controls on clasticdepositition Ⅱ: Concep tual Framework. SEPM Special Publication,1988, 42: 109-125.
[3] Van Wagoner J C. , Mitchum R M. , Campion KM. ,RahmanianV D. Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and outcrops.A.A.P.G methods in Exploration Series,1990, (7).
[4] Cross T. A. High-resolution stratigraphic correlation from the perception of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation.In: Proceeding of Northwestern Europian Sequence Stratigraphy Congress, 1994. 105-123
[5] Vail P R. Seismicstratigraphy interpretation using sequencestratigraphy.Part1 : Seismicstrati- graphy interpretation procedure ,in A.W.Bally ,ed ,Atlas of Seismicstratigraphy,volumeAAPG Studies in Geology27,1987 :1-101
[6] Galloway W E. Genetic stratigraphic sequence in basin analysis: architecture and genesis of flooding surface bounded depositional units. AAPG, 1989:125-142
[7] 威尔格斯 C.K.等编,徐怀大等译,层序地层学原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.49-184
[8] 王洪亮,邓宏文. 地层基准面原理在湖相储层预测中的应用. 石油与天然气地质,1997, 19(2):96-102
[9] 邓宏文,王洪亮,李熙吉吉.层序地层地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用.石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177-18
[10] 曾允孚,覃建雄. 沉积学发展现状与前瞻.成都理工学院学报 1999,26(1):1-7
[11] Wheeler H E.Base-level, lithosphere surface and time-stratigraphy.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1964, 75: 599-610
[12] 邓宏文,王红亮,祝永军等.高分辨率层序地层学——原理及应用.北京:地质出版社,2002.3-202
[13] Cross T A, Lessenger M A. Sediment volume partitioning: rationale for stratigraphic model evolution and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation. In: Gradstein F M, Sandvik K O, Milton N J. Sequence stratigraphic concept and application. NPF Special Publication, 1998,8: 171-195
[14] 邓宏文.沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础. 地学前缘, 2000, 7⑷: 305-313
[15] 陈 波 , 陈 恭 洋 , 保 吉 成 . 港 东 油 田 二 区 一 断 块 高 分 辨 率 层 序 地 层 . 沉 积 学报,2000,18(2):263-267
[16] 柳永清,李 寅.准噶尔盆地侏罗系露头层序地层及沉积学特征. 地球学报,
[17] 刘豪,王英民,王媛,等.用高分辨率层序地层学进行非构造圈闭研究. 西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2001,16(6):1-4
[18] 郑荣才,彭 军.陕北志丹三角洲长 6 油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比.沉积学报, 2002,20(1):92-100
[19] 车树立,管守锐.基准面识别技术在古地理分析中的应用——以柴达木盆地中生代地层为例.1999,19(5):34-39
[20] Sangree J B,Vail P R.层序地层学的应用——地震、钻井和露头资料的层序地层解释.国外石油地质,1989,(2):1-75
[21] 雷 振 宇 , 周 洪 瑞 . 露 头 层 序 地 层 研 究 中 的 几 个 基 本 问 题 . 地 质 科 技 情报,1995,14(2):37-44
[22] 王 训 练 . 露 头 层 序 地 层 学 研 究 的 几 个 基 本 理 论 问 题 . 中 国 科 学 ,D辑,1999,29(1):22-30.
[23] 郭宪璞,彭阳,丁孝忠.化石群落与层序地层的耦合关系研究——以塔里木盆地西部中新生代有孔虫群落与层序地层关系研究为例.2000,21(7):377-382
[24] 郝芳, 陈建渝.层序和体系域的有机相构成及研究意义.地质科技情报, 1995 , 14 (3) : 79-83.
[25] 郝芳,陈建渝,孙永传,等.有机相研究及其在盆地分析中的应用.沉积学报,1994,12(4): 77-86.
[26] 刘立,王东坡. 湖相油页岩的沉积环境及其层序地层意义.石油实验地质,1996,18 (3): 311-316.
[27] 杨明慧,夏文臣, 张兵山,等. 非海相盆地准层序级别的有机相变化及其地质意义. 沉积学报, 2000 , 18 (2) : 297-301.
[28] 李美俊.大民屯凹陷层序地层地球化学及油气成藏特征.北京:中国地质大学,2003:135
[29] 肖乾华.断陷盆地成藏动力系统及油气富集规律研究——以大民屯凹陷为例.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.153
[30] 郝黎明,邵龙义.基于层序地层格架的有机相研究进展.地质科技情报,2000,19(4): 60-64
[31] 鲁洪波,姜在兴.高分辨率层序地层学在资源序列评价中的应用.石油大学学报,1997, 21(5):9-12.
[32] 李美俊,李思田,杨龙,等.层序地层地球化学及其在油气勘探中的作用.地学前缘, 2005,12(3):219-226
[33] Holland S M, 1995. The stratigraphic distribution of fossils. Palaeontology,21(1) 92-109.
[34] 殷鸿福,童金南,张克信,等.为层序地层学服务的生态地层学研究.中国科学(D辑),1997,27(2):155-163
[35] Walliser O H. Pleading for a natural D/C boundary. Courier Forschungs institut Sen -ckenberg, 1984,67:241-246.
[36] Walliser O H. Natural boundaries and commission boundaries in the Devonian Courier Forschungs institut Senckenberg, 1985, 75: 401-408.
[37] 陈建强,王训练,于炳松,等.层序地层与地层界线优化.地层学杂志,2001,25(4):241-246.
[38] 陈中强,钟石兰,杨少坤,等.微古生物在高分辨层序地层学中的应用.微体古生物学报,1998,15(2):134-141
[39] 杨平.柴达木盆地冷湖地区中—晚始新世化石轮藻LAMPROTHAMNIUM GANCHAIGOUENSIS组合带及其层序生物地层学意义(英).微体古生物学报.2003,20(2):166-171.
[40] 付国民,李永军,梁志录,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡层序地层及湖盆充填型式.中国地 质,2002,29(2):171-177
[41] 朱筱敏,康安,胡宗全,等.柴达木盆地第四系层序地层特征与油气评价.石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):56-60
[42] 彭立才,杨慧珠.柴达木盆地大煤沟侏罗系剖面高分辨率含煤层序分析.西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(1):
[43] 李永军,付国民,阎海卿.柴达木盆地干柴沟地区第三系层序地层分析及其油气勘探意 义.西安工程学院学报,2000,22(31):11-18.
[44] 王鹏,赵澄林.柴达木盆地北缘地区第三系碎屑岩储层沉积相特征.石油大学学报,2001,25(1):12-15.
[45] 杨永泰,张宝民,李伟等.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系层序地层与沉积相研究.地学前缘,2000, 7(3):145-151.
[46] 吴因业,靳久强,李永铁,等.柴达木盆地西部古近系湖侵体系域及相关储集体.古地理学报,2003,5(2):232-241
[47] 殷鸿福,童金南.层序地层界面与年代地层界线的关系.科学通报,1995,40(5):539-544
[48] 沈 守 文 , 彭 大 钧 , 等 . 层 序 地 层 学 预 测 隐 蔽 油 气 藏 的 原 理 和 方 法 . 地 球 学报,2002,21(3):300-305
[49] 张明安,鲜本忠.层序地层学在泌阳凹陷隐蔽油藏预测中的应用.石油实验地质.2003,25(4):395-403
[50] 郝黎明,邵龙义.基于层序地层格架的有机相研究进展.地质科技报,2000,19(4):60-64
[51] 杨建业,任德贻,邵龙义.沉积有机相在陆相层序地层格架中的分布特征.沉积学报,2000,18(4):585-589
[52] 黄绍甫.层序地层有机地球化学研究进展及其意义.南方国土资源,2005.6,30～33
[53] 覃建雄.层序地层学发展的若干重要方向.岩相古地理.1997,17(2):63-69
[54] 何起祥.沉积地球科学的历史回顾与展望.沉积学报.2003,21(1):10-16
[55] 何起祥.沉积地球科学若干理论问题的沿革与启示.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1997,17(3):1-6
[56] 邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派——高分辨率层序地层学.石油与天然气地质, 1995,16(2):90-97
[57] 邓宏文,王洪亮.高分辨率层序地层对比在河流相中的应用.石油与天然气地质,1997, 18(2):90-93
[58] 邓宏文,王红亮,阎伟鹏等.河流相层序地层构成模式探讨.沉积学报.2004,22(13):373-379.
[59] 李红哲,何琼英,吴青鹏等.高分辨率层序地层学在吐哈盆地浅层中的应用.天然气地球科学,2006,17(1):102-105
[60] 杨国栋,等.高分辨率层序地层学在地层对比中的应用.内江科技,2004(3):39.
[61] 郑容才,彭军,吴朝荣.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义.沉积学报,2001,19(2):249～255
[62] 张光明,陈恭洋.高分辨率层序地层学在油砂层对比中的应用.断块油气田.2004,11 (3):30-32
[63] 侯中健,陈洪德,田景春等.苏里格气田盒8段高分辨率层序结构特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版).2004,31(1):47-52.
[64] 程涛,余慧娟,佟彦明.坪北地区高分辨率层序分析与等时对比.大庆石油地质与开发, 2005,24(2):8-10.
[65] 杨藩,唐文松,魏景明,等.中国油气区第三系(Ⅱ),西北油气区分册.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.111-113
[66] 孙家振,李兰斌,等著.多信息储层预测和油气判别(原理、方法与应用实例).北京:中国地质大学出版社,1997,14-19
[67] 张万选,张厚福,等.陆相地震地层学.北京:石油大学出版社,1993
[68] Posamentier H W.Sequence biostratigraphy.AAPG,1991,75(6)
[69] 孟鹏,刘立,孙晓明,等.微体古生物—层序地层学相结合方法在地层划分中的应用——以大港滩海埕北断阶带关家堡地区古近系为例.微体古生物报,2005,22(4):417-424
[70] Plint A G, McCarthy P J,Faccini U F.Nonmarine sequence stratigraphy:Updip expression of sequence boundarie sandsystem tracts in a high-resolution framework,Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, Alberta Forel and Basin.Canada AAPG Bulletin, 2001, 85(11): 1967-2001.
[71] Grabua A W. The rhythm of the earth. Pecking: Henvi Vetch,1940.5-61
[72] Berger A. Milankovitch theory and climate.Review of Geophysics,1988,26:624-657
[73] Guidish T M, Lerche I. Relationship between eustatic sea level changes and basement subsidence. AAPG Bulletin,1984,68:164-177
[74] 樊 太 亮 , 李 庆 谋 . 沉 积 基 准 面 变 化 分 析 技 术 及 其 应 用 . 石 油 与 天 然 气 地质,1997,18(2):108-113
[75] 徐怀大.陆相层序地层学研究中的某些问题.石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):83-88
[76] Davies S J,ElliottT.Spectral gamma ray characterization of high resolution sequence stratigraphy: examples from Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic systems, County Vlare, Irland. In: Howell J A, Aitken J F,eds.High resolution sequence Stratigraphy: innovations and applications. Geological Society Special Publication, 1996,(104):25-36
[77] Armentrout J M. High resolution sequence biostratigraphy: examples from the Gulf of Mexico Plio-Pleistocene. In: Howell J A, Aitken J F, eds. High resolution sequence stratigraphy: innovations and applications. Geological Society Special Publication, 1996,(104): 65-86
[78] Mtichell S F,PaulCR,Gale A S.Carboniso topes and sequence stratigraphy.In: Howell J A,Aitken J F,eds.High resolution sequence stratigraphy:innovations and applications.Geological Society Special Publication,1996,(104):11-24
[79] Van Wagoner J C, Mitchum R M, Campion K M,et al. Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in welllogs, cores and outcrops: Concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,1990,(7):1-55
[80] 吴因业,顾家裕.油气层序地层学.北京:石油工业出版社,2000,6-200.
[81] 蒋宏忱,于炳松,等.柴达木盆地西部红狮凹陷第三系下干柴沟组层序地层格架. 现代地质,2002,16(4):382-388
[82] 于炳松,胡勇,余素玉,等.柴达木盆地西部红狮凹陷及其周缘第三系层序地层学研究. 青海油田分公司勘探开发研究院、中国地质大学(北京),2001
[83] 江波,司丹,王兰生等.柴西南地区油气成藏特征及有利储层预测.天然气工业,2004,24 (9):8-10.
[84] 吴因业,姚根顺,贾爱林 湖盆沉积学新进展 北京:石油工业出版社,1999,1-100.
[85] 青海石油管理局勘探开发研究院,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.柴达木盆地第三纪介形类动物群.南京:南京大学出版社,1988.22-47
[86] 唐伦和,狄恒恕.柴达木盆地轮藻化石.北京:科学技术文献出版社,1991.2-42
[87] 青海石油管理局勘探开发研究院,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.柴达木盆地第三纪孢粉学研究.北京:石油工业出版社,1985.3-41
[88] 冯增昭.碳酸盐岩岩相古地理学.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.180-186.
[89] 纪友亮,张世奇,等.层序地层学原理及层序成因机制模式.北京:地质出版社,1998.
[90] 魏魁生,徐怀大,叶淑芬.鄂尔多斯盆地北部奥陶系碳酸盐岩层序地层研究.地球科学一一中国地质大学学报,1996,21(1):2-25
[91] 瞿辉,徐怀大,郭齐军.塔里木盆地北部奥陶系层序地层研究.现代地质.1997,11(1)
[92] Cross T A. Controls on coal distribution in transgressive-regressive cycles, Upper Cretaceous, Western Interior, U. S. A. In: Wilgaus C K,et al. Sea2level changes: An integrated approach. SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:371-380
[93] Cross T A. Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in continental strata. Earth Sciences Frontiers ,2000 ,7(4) :322-350
[94] 徐怀大.层序地层学原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1993.138-184
[95] 杨式溥.古生态学—原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1993.54-163
[96] Benson,R H.Ecology of ostracodae assemblages: In R.C. Moore(ed.),Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Pt.Q.Arthropoda 3:Geol.Soc.Amer.,Boulder, Colo.,1961: 56-63
[97] J.Robert Dodd,And Robert J. Stanton, J R.古生态学概念与应用.南京:南京大学出版社,1989.61-200
[98] Whatley R. Population structure of ostracods: some general principles for recognition of palaeoenvironments.In: De Deckker P, Colin J P,Peypouquet J P, eds .Ostracoda in the earth sciences.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1988.245-256.
[99] Cohen A S,Dussinger R,Richardson J. Lacus trine paleochemical interpretations based on eastern and southern African ostracodes.Paleogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol, 1983,43:129-152.
[100] Carbonel P, Colin J-P, Danielopol D L,et al.Paleoecology of Limnic ostracodes: a review of some major topics. Paleogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol,1988,62: 413-461.
[101] 张智礼,杨湘宁,蒙启安,等.松辽盆地三肇地区泉头组三段上部介形类化石的指相意义.古生物学报.2005,44(2):260-264
[102] 姚益民,梁鸿德,蔡治国,等.中国油气区第三系(Ⅳ),渤海湾盆地.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.102-144
[103] 高瑞祺,张莹,崔同翠.松辽盆地白垩系油气层.石油工业出社,1994.111-135,235-268
[104] 蒋飞虎,杨静,王翠英.内蒙古西部白银查干凹陷早白垩世介形虫及其古生态学特征.微体古生物学报,2000,17(3):265-285
[105] 叶得泉,黄清华,张莹.松辽盆地白垩系介形类生物地层学.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.11-144
[106] Holmes J A, Patrick A, Fothergill F, et al.A high-resolution Holocene record from Sahel zone of Northeastern Nigeria.Paleolim,1998,20:369-380.
[107] Mourguiart P, Carbonel P, Peypouquet J-P,et al.Late Quaternary Palaeohydrology of Lake Huinaymarca.Hydrobiologia,1986,143:191-197.
[108] Sandburg,P A.,1964,The ostracod genus Cprideis in the Americas:Stockholm Contribs.in Geol.,12:178
[109] Vesper B.To the problem of nodding on Cyprideis torosa(Jones,1850).Bull Amer Palaeont.1975,65(282):202-216.
[110] Holmes J A.Recent non-marine Ostracoda from Jamaica,West Indies. Micropalaeon -tology.1997,16(2):137-143.
[111] 李军,余俊清.湖相介形虫古生态学在环境变化研究中的应用.盐湖研究.2002,10(1): 66-71
[112] 赵泉鸿.半咸水介形虫Tanella opima Chen的种群动态研究.微体古生物报.1992, 9(3):235-242.
[113] MacArthur,R.H. and E.O. Willson. The theory of island biogeography: Princeton University Press, Princeton. N.J., 1967. 203
[114] Levinton, J.S.,1970.The paleoecological significance of opportunistic species: Lethaia, 3:69-78
[115] Benson,R H. Morphologic stability in Ostracod: In F.M. Swain(ed.), Biology and paleobiology of Ostracoda: Bull. Amer. Paleont., 1975,65:11-46
[116] Alexander,R.R.,1977,Growth,morphology,and ecology of Paleozoic and Mesozoic opportunistic species of brachiopods from Idaho-Utah:J.Paleot.,51:1133-1149
[117] Waage,K.M.,1968,The type Fox Hills Formation, Creataceous(Maesstrichtian), South Dakota.Part 1. Stratigraphy and paleoenvironments: Peabody Mus.Bull., Yale University,27:1-171