刑法立法解释研究
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摘要
刑法立法解释是我国刑法解释体制一个重要的组成部分,它与刑法司法解释、学理解释一起,起着弥补刑事立法不足、指导刑事司法实践的作用。加强刑法立法解释的理论研究,发现这一制度存在的不足,提出解决对策,对于完善刑法解释体制、指导刑事司法实践具有重要意义。
刑法立法解释是指全国人大常委会以特定的形式表现出来的对刑法规定含义的阐明。它在解释的主体、对象和表现形式等方面有其自身的特殊性。刑法立法解释本质上是一种带有立法性的刑法解释。由于大陆法系、英美法系要么如今已没有刑法立法解释,要么一直没有刑法立法解释,由此引发了我国国内学者们对刑法立法解释的存废之争。但是,我国的国家权力结构模式、罪刑法定原则以及刑事司法实践都需要刑法立法解释的存在。
刑法立法解释应遵循合法性原则、及时性原则和规范性原则;在刑法立法解释方法的运用上,应注意文义解释、体系解释、历史解释和目的解释的先后运用,特别要注意限制扩张解释、禁止有罪类推解释,以保障人权;在刑法立法解释的时间效力方面,法律要有明确规定。我国的刑法立法解释与刑法立法、刑事司法解释还存在着界限不明的问题;对刑法立法解释的制约机制也有不足之处,因此,应进一步明确刑法立法解释与刑法立法、刑事司法解释的界限,防止三者间权力的混淆;并从严格刑法立法解释程序和建立事前防范和事后补救机制等方面完善刑法立法解释的制约机制,以保证刑法立法解释能够得到健康发展。
Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is one of the important components of criminal interpretation system, which with judicial interpretation and theoretical interpretation make up for criminal legislation and play the guiding role in the practice of criminal justice. However, the theoretical research of legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is extremely not match to its important position in the practice. Strengthen the theoretical research study of legislative interpretation, found the problems of this system, and propose solutions to these problems, are important to make the criminal interpretation system perfect and guide the practice.
Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is a type of interpretation that interpret the provisions of Criminal Law by NPC Standing Committee ,which performance specific forms. The Interpreter, object and form of the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law have their specificities. The nature of the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is a type of interpretation of Criminal Law with legislative features. There are either no legislative interpretation in Civil Law and Common Law now, or there are legislative interpretation never.Scholars have different views about its necessity. The political system of our coutry , the principle of legality and the practice all need legislative interpretation of Criminal Law.
Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law have to follow these principles , legitimate principle, timely principle and standardized principle. On the interpretate method , Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law have to pay some attention to interpretate order on meaning interpretation,system interpretation,history and purpose interpretation.In order to protect human rights,we extremely have to pay attention to distinctions between expansive interpretation and analogic interpretation. Provise time efficiency clearly is so important.There are some inadequacies of legislative interpretation of Criminal Law, clearing limits between the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law, judicial interpretation and theoretical interpretation,perfecting the control mechanism from strict procedures,prevention and remedial are important to development the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law.
刑法立法解释是指全国人大常委会以特定的形式表现出来的对刑法规定含义的阐明。它在解释的主体、对象和表现形式等方面有其自身的特殊性。刑法立法解释本质上是一种带有立法性的刑法解释。由于大陆法系、英美法系要么如今已没有刑法立法解释,要么一直没有刑法立法解释,由此引发了我国国内学者们对刑法立法解释的存废之争。但是,我国的国家权力结构模式、罪刑法定原则以及刑事司法实践都需要刑法立法解释的存在。
刑法立法解释应遵循合法性原则、及时性原则和规范性原则;在刑法立法解释方法的运用上,应注意文义解释、体系解释、历史解释和目的解释的先后运用,特别要注意限制扩张解释、禁止有罪类推解释,以保障人权;在刑法立法解释的时间效力方面,法律要有明确规定。我国的刑法立法解释与刑法立法、刑事司法解释还存在着界限不明的问题;对刑法立法解释的制约机制也有不足之处,因此,应进一步明确刑法立法解释与刑法立法、刑事司法解释的界限,防止三者间权力的混淆;并从严格刑法立法解释程序和建立事前防范和事后补救机制等方面完善刑法立法解释的制约机制,以保证刑法立法解释能够得到健康发展。
Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is one of the important components of criminal interpretation system, which with judicial interpretation and theoretical interpretation make up for criminal legislation and play the guiding role in the practice of criminal justice. However, the theoretical research of legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is extremely not match to its important position in the practice. Strengthen the theoretical research study of legislative interpretation, found the problems of this system, and propose solutions to these problems, are important to make the criminal interpretation system perfect and guide the practice.
Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is a type of interpretation that interpret the provisions of Criminal Law by NPC Standing Committee ,which performance specific forms. The Interpreter, object and form of the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law have their specificities. The nature of the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law is a type of interpretation of Criminal Law with legislative features. There are either no legislative interpretation in Civil Law and Common Law now, or there are legislative interpretation never.Scholars have different views about its necessity. The political system of our coutry , the principle of legality and the practice all need legislative interpretation of Criminal Law.
Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law have to follow these principles , legitimate principle, timely principle and standardized principle. On the interpretate method , Legislative interpretation of Criminal Law have to pay some attention to interpretate order on meaning interpretation,system interpretation,history and purpose interpretation.In order to protect human rights,we extremely have to pay attention to distinctions between expansive interpretation and analogic interpretation. Provise time efficiency clearly is so important.There are some inadequacies of legislative interpretation of Criminal Law, clearing limits between the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law, judicial interpretation and theoretical interpretation,perfecting the control mechanism from strict procedures,prevention and remedial are important to development the legislative interpretation of Criminal Law.
引文
[1]郭华成.法律解释比较研究.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1993,15
[2]张志铭.法律解释操作分析.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000,245,242-243, 220,252
[3]周振晓.也论刑法立法解释.中国法学,1995,(1):25
[4]袁吉亮.论立法解释制度之非.中国法学,1994,(4):24
[5]赵秉志,时延安.略论关于刑法典第93条第2款的解释.法制日报,2000-05-28
[6]欧阳涛,柯良栋.试论我国刑法的立法解释.见:刑法发展与司法完善.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1989,109-120
[7]李希慧.刑法解释论.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1995,137,16,82-96
[8]杨春洗.刑法总论.北京:北京大学出版社,1981,29
[9]黄茂荣.法学方法与现代民法.台北:三联书局,1993年增订版,292-293
[10]陈金钊.法律解释的哲理.济南:山东人民出版社,1999,52
[11]李国如.罪刑法定视野中的刑法解释.北京:中国方正出版社,2002,140,159, 157-162,123,201
[12]周振晓.狭义刑法解释若干问题探析.甘肃政法学院学报,2005,(1):89
[13]林维.刑事立法解释类型研究.环球法律评论,2005,(3):334
[14]李步云,汪永清.中国立法与基本理论和制度.北京:中国法制出版社,1998,20
[15]李希慧,廖梅.我国刑法立法解释性质问题探讨.法学,2004,(8):58
[16]陈丽琴.质疑立法解释——兼为法律解释正名.法学论坛,2002,(3):23
[17]林维.论刑法立法解释权与立法权和司法权的纠葛.当代法学,2006,(9):64 ,68
[18]Richard A.Posner.Overcoming Law. Cambeidge:Harvard University Press,1996, 125
[19]袁吉亮.再论立法解释之非.中国法学,1995,(3):26
[20]陈斯喜.论立法解释制度的是非及其他.中国法学,1998,(6):64
[21]Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Truth and Method. New York: Cross Roads Press, 1994, 275.
[22]W.Blackstone.Commentaries On the Laws Of England,16th ed.J.T.Coleridge.London:Butterworth and Son Press,1995,111
[23]Fred R. Harris, Paul L. Hain. America’s Legislative Process.Congress: The States, 1998,Chapter 16,Scott,Foresman and Company,350
[24]F.Dickerson.The Interpretation And Application of Statutes. Boston:little, Brown. Co Press ,1995,chs,7-8
[25][意]贝卡利亚.论犯罪与刑罚.黄风译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1993, 12,13
[26]马克昌.罪刑法定主义比较研究.中外法学,1997,(2):16
[27]吴丙新.罪刑法定与刑法解释的冲突.法学论坛,2001,(5):30
[28]Benjamin N.Cardozo.The Nature of the Judicial Process.New Haven:Yale Univer-sity Press, 1998,9
[29]Marr ann Glendon, Michael Wallace Gordon, Christopher Osa-kwe.Comparative Legal Traditions.Nutsell:Westpublishing Co,1992,132-133
[30]储槐植,汪永乐.再论我国刑法中犯罪概念的定量因素.法学研究,2000, (2):65
[31]赵秉志主编.刑法解释研究.北京:北京大学出版社,2007,86-92
[32]刘艳红.刑法立法解释若干问题新析.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,551
[33]魏胜强.和谐社会中法律解释的基本原则研究.法律方法,2008,(7):22
[34]D.Neil Mac Cormick, Rorbert S.Summers. A Comparative Study.Dartmouth:Inte-rpreting Statutes,1991,464-474,512-525
[35]蒋超,艾军.刑法解释方法的运用规则探析.齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(3):13
[36]李佳欣.刑法立法解释之解释方法论析.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,585
[37]Rupert.Cross, legal interpretation. London: Butterworth press,1990,22
[38]苏彩霞.刑法解释方法的位阶与运用.中国法学,2008,(5):101
[39]彭辅顺.刑法解释方法与人权保障的实现——从类推解释、扩张解释、限制解释谈起.政法论丛,2007,(1):40
[40]许发民,徐光华.罪刑法定视野下的禁止类推之解读.安徽大学法律评论,2008, (1):227-228
[41][日]野村艌.刑法总论.全理其,何方译.北京:法律出版社,2001,49
[42][日]大谷实.刑法总论.黎宏译.北京:法律出版社,2003,48
[43]徐光华.罪刑法定视野下刑法扩张解释的“度”——以扩张解释与类推解释的区分为视角.河北法学,2008,(5):101
[44]杨新京.关于立法解释执行中的几个问题.检察实践,2004,(1):41
[45]钱业宏,赵永红.《全国人大常委会关于刑法第九十三条第二款的解释》何时生效.人民检察,2000,(8):51
[46]赵秉志主编.刑法总论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007,112,320
[47]张道许.浅析刑法立法解释的时间效力.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,581
[48]黄太云.刑法修正案和刑法立法解释溯及力问题探析.人民检察,2006,(10):39
[49]Zinn.Charles.J. How Our Laws Are Made. Washington,D.C: Superintendment of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999,53.
[50]王成明,邓艳.浅论法律解释的溯及力.安徽警官职业学院学报,2003,(3):50
[51]陈兴良.刑法哲学.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1997,555
[52]唐稷尧.论权力与技术视野下的刑法立法解释.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,557,558
[53]梁根林.罪刑法定视域中的刑法适用解释.中国法学,2004,(3):68
[54]夏勇.我国刑法解释的几个问题.见:赵秉志,张军主编.刑法问题研究.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2003,76-77
[55]赵秉志,王俊平.改革开放三十年的我国刑法立法.河北法学,2008,(11):7
[56]魏胜强.我国需要制定统一的法律解释法.法学,2007,(1):32
[57]王瑞君.美国的刑法解释及其启示.甘肃政法学院学报,2008,(7):92
[2]张志铭.法律解释操作分析.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000,245,242-243, 220,252
[3]周振晓.也论刑法立法解释.中国法学,1995,(1):25
[4]袁吉亮.论立法解释制度之非.中国法学,1994,(4):24
[5]赵秉志,时延安.略论关于刑法典第93条第2款的解释.法制日报,2000-05-28
[6]欧阳涛,柯良栋.试论我国刑法的立法解释.见:刑法发展与司法完善.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1989,109-120
[7]李希慧.刑法解释论.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1995,137,16,82-96
[8]杨春洗.刑法总论.北京:北京大学出版社,1981,29
[9]黄茂荣.法学方法与现代民法.台北:三联书局,1993年增订版,292-293
[10]陈金钊.法律解释的哲理.济南:山东人民出版社,1999,52
[11]李国如.罪刑法定视野中的刑法解释.北京:中国方正出版社,2002,140,159, 157-162,123,201
[12]周振晓.狭义刑法解释若干问题探析.甘肃政法学院学报,2005,(1):89
[13]林维.刑事立法解释类型研究.环球法律评论,2005,(3):334
[14]李步云,汪永清.中国立法与基本理论和制度.北京:中国法制出版社,1998,20
[15]李希慧,廖梅.我国刑法立法解释性质问题探讨.法学,2004,(8):58
[16]陈丽琴.质疑立法解释——兼为法律解释正名.法学论坛,2002,(3):23
[17]林维.论刑法立法解释权与立法权和司法权的纠葛.当代法学,2006,(9):64 ,68
[18]Richard A.Posner.Overcoming Law. Cambeidge:Harvard University Press,1996, 125
[19]袁吉亮.再论立法解释之非.中国法学,1995,(3):26
[20]陈斯喜.论立法解释制度的是非及其他.中国法学,1998,(6):64
[21]Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Truth and Method. New York: Cross Roads Press, 1994, 275.
[22]W.Blackstone.Commentaries On the Laws Of England,16th ed.J.T.Coleridge.London:Butterworth and Son Press,1995,111
[23]Fred R. Harris, Paul L. Hain. America’s Legislative Process.Congress: The States, 1998,Chapter 16,Scott,Foresman and Company,350
[24]F.Dickerson.The Interpretation And Application of Statutes. Boston:little, Brown. Co Press ,1995,chs,7-8
[25][意]贝卡利亚.论犯罪与刑罚.黄风译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1993, 12,13
[26]马克昌.罪刑法定主义比较研究.中外法学,1997,(2):16
[27]吴丙新.罪刑法定与刑法解释的冲突.法学论坛,2001,(5):30
[28]Benjamin N.Cardozo.The Nature of the Judicial Process.New Haven:Yale Univer-sity Press, 1998,9
[29]Marr ann Glendon, Michael Wallace Gordon, Christopher Osa-kwe.Comparative Legal Traditions.Nutsell:Westpublishing Co,1992,132-133
[30]储槐植,汪永乐.再论我国刑法中犯罪概念的定量因素.法学研究,2000, (2):65
[31]赵秉志主编.刑法解释研究.北京:北京大学出版社,2007,86-92
[32]刘艳红.刑法立法解释若干问题新析.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,551
[33]魏胜强.和谐社会中法律解释的基本原则研究.法律方法,2008,(7):22
[34]D.Neil Mac Cormick, Rorbert S.Summers. A Comparative Study.Dartmouth:Inte-rpreting Statutes,1991,464-474,512-525
[35]蒋超,艾军.刑法解释方法的运用规则探析.齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(3):13
[36]李佳欣.刑法立法解释之解释方法论析.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,585
[37]Rupert.Cross, legal interpretation. London: Butterworth press,1990,22
[38]苏彩霞.刑法解释方法的位阶与运用.中国法学,2008,(5):101
[39]彭辅顺.刑法解释方法与人权保障的实现——从类推解释、扩张解释、限制解释谈起.政法论丛,2007,(1):40
[40]许发民,徐光华.罪刑法定视野下的禁止类推之解读.安徽大学法律评论,2008, (1):227-228
[41][日]野村艌.刑法总论.全理其,何方译.北京:法律出版社,2001,49
[42][日]大谷实.刑法总论.黎宏译.北京:法律出版社,2003,48
[43]徐光华.罪刑法定视野下刑法扩张解释的“度”——以扩张解释与类推解释的区分为视角.河北法学,2008,(5):101
[44]杨新京.关于立法解释执行中的几个问题.检察实践,2004,(1):41
[45]钱业宏,赵永红.《全国人大常委会关于刑法第九十三条第二款的解释》何时生效.人民检察,2000,(8):51
[46]赵秉志主编.刑法总论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007,112,320
[47]张道许.浅析刑法立法解释的时间效力.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,581
[48]黄太云.刑法修正案和刑法立法解释溯及力问题探析.人民检察,2006,(10):39
[49]Zinn.Charles.J. How Our Laws Are Made. Washington,D.C: Superintendment of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999,53.
[50]王成明,邓艳.浅论法律解释的溯及力.安徽警官职业学院学报,2003,(3):50
[51]陈兴良.刑法哲学.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1997,555
[52]唐稷尧.论权力与技术视野下的刑法立法解释.见:2008年中国刑法学年会论文集.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2008,557,558
[53]梁根林.罪刑法定视域中的刑法适用解释.中国法学,2004,(3):68
[54]夏勇.我国刑法解释的几个问题.见:赵秉志,张军主编.刑法问题研究.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2003,76-77
[55]赵秉志,王俊平.改革开放三十年的我国刑法立法.河北法学,2008,(11):7
[56]魏胜强.我国需要制定统一的法律解释法.法学,2007,(1):32
[57]王瑞君.美国的刑法解释及其启示.甘肃政法学院学报,2008,(7):92