基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理研究
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摘要
综合各方数据统计，我国的中小企业大约有1400万家，在我国的国民经济中占据着独特的地位。庞大的数量加上不规范的管理，使得中小企业的信息化管理问题极其突出。面对当前全球化后的全方位的竞争态势，大多企业渴望通过全面的信息化来提升企业的运营效率和管理规范。现实中非常需要一种适合国情的信息化模式和思想，迫切需要适合国情的软件和相应的商业模式。
软件即服务（Software as a Service, SaaS），是一种新型的软件与服务提供方式，当前国内的企业大多受困于资金不足，正好可以通过这种基于Web的软件租赁方式来解决。但是，SaaS软件要想得到推广还需要解决诸多问题。本文将重点研究和解决如何将SaaS模式与国内中小企业的需求相结合，以开辟一条新的思路。
同时，自2002年中国正式加入WTO后，全球化和供应链竞争已经成为现实。企业需要更多地面对全球的竞争，互联网成为企业的一个竞争利器。用基于互联网的供应链协同、面向服务架构（SOA）的技术来增强SaaS软件的功能，就成为一个自然的选择。
本文基于作者在企业信息化一线的长期实践和理论摸索，提出了“基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理（Agile-e-SCM）”，这是一种基于SaaS模式的企业供应链协同平台，能够实现企业内外部信息共享，提高供应链的协同效率，降低供应链总体拥有成本（Total Cost of Ownership，TCO）。这种模式将帮助企业真正实现随需应变，解决中小企业的现实需求。
在第一、二章，本文首先针对SaaS模式发展中的诸多问题和风险，结合供应链本身的发展趋势，提出了适合国内中小企业需求的信息化模式，即基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理模式。建立了基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理平台模型和理论，对其内容、特征、技术、挑战等都进行了详细的阐述。同时基于SOA架构建立了以网状供应链管理平台、软件与服务租赁为特征的生态链形式，具有理论价值和现实意义。
在第三章，建立了基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链的TCO模型。以此为基础，提出了解决供应链TCO优化的方法，并以成本悖论假说来表述SaaS模式的低成本与冷淡市场之间的矛盾关系。并进一步将风险理论、风险偏好理论引入模型中，来建立风险成本函数模型，以定量方式来测定企业应用SaaS软件的风险成本，为SaaS模式的应用提供了评价和决策方法。
在第四章，基于群体博弈理论，为单体企业实施敏捷电子供应链建立了具有现实意义的博弈模型和博弈分析方法论。基于这种针对企业供应链的博弈分析，从企业利益最大化角度证明了敏捷电子供应链是企业信息化的一种现实趋势。
基于作者在实践中的大量一线研究，根据前面的研究成果，第五章设计了三种类型的应用模式：公共平台式、政府主导式及链主式，其有效性和可行性也得到了验证。其中公共平台式作为适合国情的典型，涵盖了SaaS模式的大部分风险，以金算盘软件公司（www.72ec.com）为该类平台的代表，在商业应用上取得了成功。政府主导式以政府公信力为基础，以地方政府为主导，体现出我国的政府主导特色，实现IT资源的集约利用，也具有现实意义。“链主式”从降低风险成本的因素出发，利用供应链核心企业的优势地位来拉动上下游的企业使用敏捷电子供应链平台，具有巨大的行业应用价值。这些模式的具体方式、问题，还需要进一步在商业实践中检验。
基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理来源于信息化领域的现实需求，是一种融合商业模式和实践的前沿性研究，需要以先进的IT技术为支撑，融合最新的商业管理理念、最具潜力的商业模式和冒险性的商业实践才能闯出一条路来。在发展的过程中还会不断出现新的研究问题，这将是一个非常有价值的研究领域。本文正是从学术的角度将正在蓬勃发展的新理论、新技术和新问题进行理论化、系统化的思考，并结合者本人的探索性实践，对其进行分析和研究，对该模式的发展、推广和应用具有重要的理论贡献和实践意义。
There are about140,000,000SME in China, which play a unique role in the economy ofChina. Because of the large number and irregular management, the problem of informationmanagement in these SME is quite outstanding. In the face of the global competition, mostenterprises are hunger to improve operational efficiency and through the comprehensiveinformationalization. There is a real need of information model and ideas which are fit inChina, and there is also an urgent need of software and corresponding business model.
SaaS（Software as a Service, SaaS）is a new kind of software and service delivery.Currently, most of the domestic enterprises are suffering from lack of capital. It just can besolved by such Web-based software. However, there are a lot of problems for SaaS softwareto be devoloped. In order to put out a new train of thought, this paper will focus on how tocombine the SaaS model and the demand of the SMEs.
At the same time, since our country joined the WTO formally in2002, globalizationand competitiveness of the supply chain have been in reality. Enterprises need to face onmore global competition. And the internet has become a competitive tool for business. Ithas been a natural choice for the SaaS software to use the internet-based supply chaincoordination and the service-oriented architecture (SOA) technology.
Based on the author’s practical explorations in the informationalization,"theSaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM" will be proposed in this thesis, which is acollaboration platform based on SaaS for the enterprise supply chain to share the internaland external information, improve the efficiency of the supply chain collaboration andreduce TCO of the supply chain. This model will really achieve on-demand enterprises toface the actual needs of SMEs.
In the first and second chapters of this thesis initially, the problems and risks in thedevelopment of the SaaS are researched. And the third-party Agile-e-SCM is put forward asa new information mode fitting the need of domestic SMEs. Then the model and theory ofthe SaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM is established. The content, features, technologyand challenges are set out in detail.
In the third chapter, a TCO model of SaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM iscontructed. And based the TCO model, a way of the optimization of TCO of supply chain isputs forward to expain the conflict between the cost and the market. Then a quantitative risk model is brough forward to measure SaaS risk in order to bring decision-makingmethods for SaaS model applications.
In the fourth chapter, a realistic game model and game analysis methodology forAgile-e-SCM implementation are established by using group game theory. Based on thisgame analysis of enterprise supply chain, it is proved that Agile-e-SCM is a real trend forenterprise from the perspective of maximizing the enterprise benefits.
In last chapter, three types of applications mode are designed. They are the publicplatform model, government-led model and main-chain model. As a typical model, thepublic platform model covers most risk of the SaaS model. Eabax Software Co. LTD hasachieved commercial success, which is a good case of the public platform modle. Thegovernment-led model can reduce the rish of SaaS on the basis of government credibilitythat is in the power of local government of China. For lowering the cost of risk, it istremendous value for the Main-chain model to use of Agile-e-SCM platform quickly byusing the dominant position of core enterprise. And the specific problems of these modelsneed to be further tested in commercial practice.
The SaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM comes from the real needs ofinformationalization, which is a research up to date, to integrate business model andpractice. In order to succeed the mode, the advanced IT, the latest business managementconcept, the most potential business model and risk-taking business practice are needed.And there will be some new problems during the development. It will be a very valuableresearch field. The new technology and new issues from the academic point are put out inthis thesis. And they are analyzed and researched by cases. Theory contribution andpractical significance are made by this thesis for the development, promotion andapplication of the model.
软件即服务（Software as a Service, SaaS），是一种新型的软件与服务提供方式，当前国内的企业大多受困于资金不足，正好可以通过这种基于Web的软件租赁方式来解决。但是，SaaS软件要想得到推广还需要解决诸多问题。本文将重点研究和解决如何将SaaS模式与国内中小企业的需求相结合，以开辟一条新的思路。
同时，自2002年中国正式加入WTO后，全球化和供应链竞争已经成为现实。企业需要更多地面对全球的竞争，互联网成为企业的一个竞争利器。用基于互联网的供应链协同、面向服务架构（SOA）的技术来增强SaaS软件的功能，就成为一个自然的选择。
本文基于作者在企业信息化一线的长期实践和理论摸索，提出了“基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理（Agile-e-SCM）”，这是一种基于SaaS模式的企业供应链协同平台，能够实现企业内外部信息共享，提高供应链的协同效率，降低供应链总体拥有成本（Total Cost of Ownership，TCO）。这种模式将帮助企业真正实现随需应变，解决中小企业的现实需求。
在第一、二章，本文首先针对SaaS模式发展中的诸多问题和风险，结合供应链本身的发展趋势，提出了适合国内中小企业需求的信息化模式，即基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理模式。建立了基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理平台模型和理论，对其内容、特征、技术、挑战等都进行了详细的阐述。同时基于SOA架构建立了以网状供应链管理平台、软件与服务租赁为特征的生态链形式，具有理论价值和现实意义。
在第三章，建立了基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链的TCO模型。以此为基础，提出了解决供应链TCO优化的方法，并以成本悖论假说来表述SaaS模式的低成本与冷淡市场之间的矛盾关系。并进一步将风险理论、风险偏好理论引入模型中，来建立风险成本函数模型，以定量方式来测定企业应用SaaS软件的风险成本，为SaaS模式的应用提供了评价和决策方法。
在第四章，基于群体博弈理论，为单体企业实施敏捷电子供应链建立了具有现实意义的博弈模型和博弈分析方法论。基于这种针对企业供应链的博弈分析，从企业利益最大化角度证明了敏捷电子供应链是企业信息化的一种现实趋势。
基于作者在实践中的大量一线研究，根据前面的研究成果，第五章设计了三种类型的应用模式：公共平台式、政府主导式及链主式，其有效性和可行性也得到了验证。其中公共平台式作为适合国情的典型，涵盖了SaaS模式的大部分风险，以金算盘软件公司（www.72ec.com）为该类平台的代表，在商业应用上取得了成功。政府主导式以政府公信力为基础，以地方政府为主导，体现出我国的政府主导特色，实现IT资源的集约利用，也具有现实意义。“链主式”从降低风险成本的因素出发，利用供应链核心企业的优势地位来拉动上下游的企业使用敏捷电子供应链平台，具有巨大的行业应用价值。这些模式的具体方式、问题，还需要进一步在商业实践中检验。
基于SaaS模式的第三方敏捷电子供应链管理来源于信息化领域的现实需求，是一种融合商业模式和实践的前沿性研究，需要以先进的IT技术为支撑，融合最新的商业管理理念、最具潜力的商业模式和冒险性的商业实践才能闯出一条路来。在发展的过程中还会不断出现新的研究问题，这将是一个非常有价值的研究领域。本文正是从学术的角度将正在蓬勃发展的新理论、新技术和新问题进行理论化、系统化的思考，并结合者本人的探索性实践，对其进行分析和研究，对该模式的发展、推广和应用具有重要的理论贡献和实践意义。
There are about140,000,000SME in China, which play a unique role in the economy ofChina. Because of the large number and irregular management, the problem of informationmanagement in these SME is quite outstanding. In the face of the global competition, mostenterprises are hunger to improve operational efficiency and through the comprehensiveinformationalization. There is a real need of information model and ideas which are fit inChina, and there is also an urgent need of software and corresponding business model.
SaaS（Software as a Service, SaaS）is a new kind of software and service delivery.Currently, most of the domestic enterprises are suffering from lack of capital. It just can besolved by such Web-based software. However, there are a lot of problems for SaaS softwareto be devoloped. In order to put out a new train of thought, this paper will focus on how tocombine the SaaS model and the demand of the SMEs.
At the same time, since our country joined the WTO formally in2002, globalizationand competitiveness of the supply chain have been in reality. Enterprises need to face onmore global competition. And the internet has become a competitive tool for business. Ithas been a natural choice for the SaaS software to use the internet-based supply chaincoordination and the service-oriented architecture (SOA) technology.
Based on the author’s practical explorations in the informationalization,"theSaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM" will be proposed in this thesis, which is acollaboration platform based on SaaS for the enterprise supply chain to share the internaland external information, improve the efficiency of the supply chain collaboration andreduce TCO of the supply chain. This model will really achieve on-demand enterprises toface the actual needs of SMEs.
In the first and second chapters of this thesis initially, the problems and risks in thedevelopment of the SaaS are researched. And the third-party Agile-e-SCM is put forward asa new information mode fitting the need of domestic SMEs. Then the model and theory ofthe SaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM is established. The content, features, technologyand challenges are set out in detail.
In the third chapter, a TCO model of SaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM iscontructed. And based the TCO model, a way of the optimization of TCO of supply chain isputs forward to expain the conflict between the cost and the market. Then a quantitative risk model is brough forward to measure SaaS risk in order to bring decision-makingmethods for SaaS model applications.
In the fourth chapter, a realistic game model and game analysis methodology forAgile-e-SCM implementation are established by using group game theory. Based on thisgame analysis of enterprise supply chain, it is proved that Agile-e-SCM is a real trend forenterprise from the perspective of maximizing the enterprise benefits.
In last chapter, three types of applications mode are designed. They are the publicplatform model, government-led model and main-chain model. As a typical model, thepublic platform model covers most risk of the SaaS model. Eabax Software Co. LTD hasachieved commercial success, which is a good case of the public platform modle. Thegovernment-led model can reduce the rish of SaaS on the basis of government credibilitythat is in the power of local government of China. For lowering the cost of risk, it istremendous value for the Main-chain model to use of Agile-e-SCM platform quickly byusing the dominant position of core enterprise. And the specific problems of these modelsneed to be further tested in commercial practice.
The SaaS-based third-party Agile-e-SCM comes from the real needs ofinformationalization, which is a research up to date, to integrate business model andpractice. In order to succeed the mode, the advanced IT, the latest business managementconcept, the most potential business model and risk-taking business practice are needed.And there will be some new problems during the development. It will be a very valuableresearch field. The new technology and new issues from the academic point are put out inthis thesis. And they are analyzed and researched by cases. Theory contribution andpractical significance are made by this thesis for the development, promotion andapplication of the model.
引文
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