中国廉政制度创新研究
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摘要
政府对市场的不当干预和廉政制度的弱化是我国现阶段腐败滋生蔓延的主要根源。因而从源头上治理腐败的根本途径之一就是完善优化廉政制度建设。我国虽已经出台多项廉政制度，但仍未有效遏制腐败滋生蔓延的势头，其根本原因在于制度建设缺乏系统安排，一些基础性的廉政制度仍未出台，完整严密的廉政制度体系尚未形成；另一方面，由于在廉政制度建设上对官员的思想觉悟期待过高，同时又奉行“宜粗不宜细”的制度建设原则，造成已出台的制度缺乏足够的严密性和可操作性。本文运用制度分析、公共选择及系统分析等理论和方法对我国廉政制度创新进行了较为全面深入的研究，提出在具体廉政制度建设上要充分借鉴“经济人”假设的合理内涵，对官员的思想觉悟作出切合实际的判断，强调公共权力的合理配置，严格保障各监督主体及工作人员的合法权益，改变“宜粗不宜细”的制度建设指导原则，制定严密的廉政制度；同时要对廉政制度建设进行统筹规划，使各项制度相互衔接，编织一张疏而不漏的制度之网，从源头上治理腐败。在此基础上，本文对公共权力运行制度、公务员行为规范制度以及廉政监督制度等三个领域的基础性廉政制度进行了较为全面深入的研究，对完善我国现阶段的廉政制度建设提出了具体建议。
Corruption tends to flourish when institutions are weak and economic policies distort the marketplace. And one of the most fundamental ways is to improve anti-corruption institutions. Although many anti-corruption institutions have been established, corruption in China is still increasing. The reason is that some fundamental institutions have not been established. Besides, because of putting far more expectation on the government officer than ought to and maintaining the idea that it is not proper to establish concrete institutions, the established anti-corruption institutions have been ineffective. Based on the theories of institution analysis, public choice and system analysis, this paper puts a complete research into the anti-corruption institutions. To establish concrete institutions, the hypothesis of rational man should be adopted and the idea that it is not proper to establish concrete institutions should be abandoned. More emphasis should be put on the proper distribution of pubic power and on the protection of the ante-corruption agency's power and rights. And at the same time, a systematic analysis on the construction of anti-corruption institutions should be given, so that a perfect net of anti-corruption institutions could be formed. On this basis, this paper has worked over the institutions that standardize and monitor the usage of public power, the behaviour of government officer and improve the surveillance, pointing out some useful suggestions.
Corruption tends to flourish when institutions are weak and economic policies distort the marketplace. And one of the most fundamental ways is to improve anti-corruption institutions. Although many anti-corruption institutions have been established, corruption in China is still increasing. The reason is that some fundamental institutions have not been established. Besides, because of putting far more expectation on the government officer than ought to and maintaining the idea that it is not proper to establish concrete institutions, the established anti-corruption institutions have been ineffective. Based on the theories of institution analysis, public choice and system analysis, this paper puts a complete research into the anti-corruption institutions. To establish concrete institutions, the hypothesis of rational man should be adopted and the idea that it is not proper to establish concrete institutions should be abandoned. More emphasis should be put on the proper distribution of pubic power and on the protection of the ante-corruption agency's power and rights. And at the same time, a systematic analysis on the construction of anti-corruption institutions should be given, so that a perfect net of anti-corruption institutions could be formed. On this basis, this paper has worked over the institutions that standardize and monitor the usage of public power, the behaviour of government officer and improve the surveillance, pointing out some useful suggestions.
引文
[1]刘守芬、许道政．制度反腐败论．北京大学学报．2000(1)．
[2]何增科．中国转型期的腐败与反腐败问题研究：一种制度分析．马克思主义与现实．1999(5)．
[3]卢现祥．寻租经济学导论．中国财政经济出版社．2000年版．
[4]卢现祥．我国转型时期腐败问题的制度经济学思考．湖北行政学院学报．2002(1)．
[5]方福前．“经济人”范式在公共选择理论中的得失．经济学家．2001(1)．
[6]童中贤．反腐败制度设计的基本原则新探．学习论坛．2001(5)．
[7]孙凯民．西方人性基础上制度设计的政治哲学分析．内蒙古大学学报．2002(5)．
[8]胡鞍钢．以制度创新根治腐败．黑龙江教育出版社．1995年版．
[9]胡鞍钢．中国：挑战腐败．浙江人民出版社2001年版．
[10]王沪宁．腐败与反腐败：当代国外腐败问题研究．上海人民出版社．1990年版。
[11]胡鞍钢、过勇．转型期防治腐败的综合战略与制度设计．管理世界．2001(6)．
[12]孟德斯鸠．论法的精神．商务印刷馆1982年版．
[13]季正矩、陈德元．它山之石：海外反贪肃贪要览．北京出版社，1994版．
[14]杨春洗．腐败治理论衡．群众出版社．1999版．
[15]丁品余．国外腐败丑闻与廉政之道．中国劳动出版社．1995版．
[16]陈振明．公共管理学．中国人民大学出版社．1999年版．
[17]陈波．中国反腐败二十年．人民出版社．2000年版．
[18]中央纪委纪检监察研究所．中国共产党反腐倡廉文献选编．中央文献出版社2002年版．
[19]张炜．人民代表大会监督职能研究．中国法制出版社．1996年版．
[20]仝志敏．香港现行公务员制度．中国人民大学出版社．1992年版．
[21]蔡剑定．国家监督制度．中国法制出版社．1991年版．
[22]黄百炼．遏制腐败——民主监督的程序与制度研究．人民出版社．1997年版．
[23]程世寿、胡继明．新闻社会学概论．新华出版社．1997年版．
[24]唐日新、唐东平．腐败与反腐败概论．中国检察出版社．1994年版．
[25]张智勇．开展反腐防腐审计的思考与建议．湖南社会科学．2000(5)．
[26]唐杰英．论我国司法独立的制度性保障．华东政法学院学报．2000(6)．
[27]Jeremy Pope Confronting Corruption: The Elements of a National Integrity System, http://www.worldbank.org
[28] 1997b. World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
[29] World Bank, 1999, Controlling Corruption: Towards an Integrated Strategy. http://www.worldbank.org.
[30] Rick Stapenhurst and Sahr Kpundeh. Editors. 1999," Curbing Corruption: Toward a Model for Building National Integrity", http://www.worldbank.org.
[31] Tunku Abdul Aziz. Malaysia: Living with Perceptions-The Importance of Transparency, http://www.transparency.org.
[32] Helping Countries Combat Corruption: A World Bank Strategy September 1997, http://www.worldbank.org.
[33] The World Bank Group: Writing an Effective Anticorruption Law, http://www.worldbank.org.
[34] Dr. Johann Graf Lambsdorff: Corruption in Empirical Research-A Review, http://www.transparency.org
[35] D. Kaufmann: Challenges in the Next Stage of Anti-Corruption (from New Perspectives on Combating Corruption volume), September, 1998, http://www.worldbank.org.
[36] K. Dye and R. Stapenhurst: Pillars of Integrity: The Importance of Supreme Audit Institutions (from New Perspectives on Combating Corruption volume) September 1998, http://www.worldbank.org.
[37] Working Paper:The Need for, and Role of, an Independent Anti-Corruption Agency, http://www.transparency.org.
[38] R. Stapenhurst: The Media's Role in Curbing Corruption (World Bank Institute Working Paper), 2000, http://www.worldbank.org.
[39] Frank Vogl. Curbing Corruption: The Media's Work Recommendations for Action, http://www.transparency.org.
[40] Alasdair Roberts Access to Government Information: An Overview of Issues. http://www.transparency.org.
[41] Shamlal Puri, Self-Censorship & the Media, http://www.transparency.org.
[2]何增科．中国转型期的腐败与反腐败问题研究：一种制度分析．马克思主义与现实．1999(5)．
[3]卢现祥．寻租经济学导论．中国财政经济出版社．2000年版．
[4]卢现祥．我国转型时期腐败问题的制度经济学思考．湖北行政学院学报．2002(1)．
[5]方福前．“经济人”范式在公共选择理论中的得失．经济学家．2001(1)．
[6]童中贤．反腐败制度设计的基本原则新探．学习论坛．2001(5)．
[7]孙凯民．西方人性基础上制度设计的政治哲学分析．内蒙古大学学报．2002(5)．
[8]胡鞍钢．以制度创新根治腐败．黑龙江教育出版社．1995年版．
[9]胡鞍钢．中国：挑战腐败．浙江人民出版社2001年版．
[10]王沪宁．腐败与反腐败：当代国外腐败问题研究．上海人民出版社．1990年版。
[11]胡鞍钢、过勇．转型期防治腐败的综合战略与制度设计．管理世界．2001(6)．
[12]孟德斯鸠．论法的精神．商务印刷馆1982年版．
[13]季正矩、陈德元．它山之石：海外反贪肃贪要览．北京出版社，1994版．
[14]杨春洗．腐败治理论衡．群众出版社．1999版．
[15]丁品余．国外腐败丑闻与廉政之道．中国劳动出版社．1995版．
[16]陈振明．公共管理学．中国人民大学出版社．1999年版．
[17]陈波．中国反腐败二十年．人民出版社．2000年版．
[18]中央纪委纪检监察研究所．中国共产党反腐倡廉文献选编．中央文献出版社2002年版．
[19]张炜．人民代表大会监督职能研究．中国法制出版社．1996年版．
[20]仝志敏．香港现行公务员制度．中国人民大学出版社．1992年版．
[21]蔡剑定．国家监督制度．中国法制出版社．1991年版．
[22]黄百炼．遏制腐败——民主监督的程序与制度研究．人民出版社．1997年版．
[23]程世寿、胡继明．新闻社会学概论．新华出版社．1997年版．
[24]唐日新、唐东平．腐败与反腐败概论．中国检察出版社．1994年版．
[25]张智勇．开展反腐防腐审计的思考与建议．湖南社会科学．2000(5)．
[26]唐杰英．论我国司法独立的制度性保障．华东政法学院学报．2000(6)．
[27]Jeremy Pope Confronting Corruption: The Elements of a National Integrity System, http://www.worldbank.org
[28] 1997b. World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
[29] World Bank, 1999, Controlling Corruption: Towards an Integrated Strategy. http://www.worldbank.org.
[30] Rick Stapenhurst and Sahr Kpundeh. Editors. 1999," Curbing Corruption: Toward a Model for Building National Integrity", http://www.worldbank.org.
[31] Tunku Abdul Aziz. Malaysia: Living with Perceptions-The Importance of Transparency, http://www.transparency.org.
[32] Helping Countries Combat Corruption: A World Bank Strategy September 1997, http://www.worldbank.org.
[33] The World Bank Group: Writing an Effective Anticorruption Law, http://www.worldbank.org.
[34] Dr. Johann Graf Lambsdorff: Corruption in Empirical Research-A Review, http://www.transparency.org
[35] D. Kaufmann: Challenges in the Next Stage of Anti-Corruption (from New Perspectives on Combating Corruption volume), September, 1998, http://www.worldbank.org.
[36] K. Dye and R. Stapenhurst: Pillars of Integrity: The Importance of Supreme Audit Institutions (from New Perspectives on Combating Corruption volume) September 1998, http://www.worldbank.org.
[37] Working Paper:The Need for, and Role of, an Independent Anti-Corruption Agency, http://www.transparency.org.
[38] R. Stapenhurst: The Media's Role in Curbing Corruption (World Bank Institute Working Paper), 2000, http://www.worldbank.org.
[39] Frank Vogl. Curbing Corruption: The Media's Work Recommendations for Action, http://www.transparency.org.
[40] Alasdair Roberts Access to Government Information: An Overview of Issues. http://www.transparency.org.
[41] Shamlal Puri, Self-Censorship & the Media, http://www.transparency.org.