松花江大桥连续箱梁悬臂施工监控技术研究与实践
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摘要
大跨度预应力混凝土连续梁桥采用悬臂方法施工时要经历一个复杂的过程,在此过程中将受到许多确定和不确定因素的影响,而导致桥梁结构的实际状态偏离预期状态,从而出现受力不合理,桥梁难以顺利合龙,使成桥受力和线形形状与设计要求不符,所以对桥梁实施控制是非常重要的。因此,必须采用合理的结构分析理论和计算方法来确定桥梁结构施工过程中的每个阶段的受力和变形。而桥梁施工控制就是在结构分析基础上通过对施工过程中的应力及线形进行控制,对施工中出现的偏差进行分析识别,发现问题并及时进行纠正,同时对结构的后续阶段进行正确预测,最终目标使成桥状态达到设计要求。
本文以松花江大桥为工程背景,详细的论述了本桥的线性控制理论及方法。利用MIDAS软件建立有限元模型,分析桥梁在各个施工阶段的受力和变形,根据分析结果计算出预抛高值。结合松花江大桥实际施工监控情况,提出合理的实施方案,制定施工控制流程,建立全面有效的控制系统,分层次分阶段制定解决方案。对挠度、温度、应力进行观测,检测材料力学参数,箱梁几何尺寸以及预应力张拉等内容。然后,对采集的原始数据和理论计算数据分别进行对比分析,分析理论计算与实际施工情况之间的差异,并逐渐调整模型使理论与实测值之间相吻合。运用现代预测控制理论,调整参数,进行结构前进分析和倒退分析,并预告控制信息,提出合理的方案以指导施工。
针对松花江大桥施工监控的结果,本文详细比较了梁体阶段挠度、累计挠度、各阶段测点应力的计算值和实测值的关系；并结合松花江大桥所处的地理环境对寒冷地区的混凝土桥梁结构温度场及温度效应的影响进行了现场监测及试验。最终监控结果表明,本桥达到了线性平顺、受力合理的预期目的。
Cantilever construction method used in long-span continuous prestressed concrete girder bridge to be going through a complicated process, this process will be determined by many certain and uncertain factors, and a bridge leading to the actual structure of the state is expected to depart from it, which appears by unreasonable structure stress and construction linear, so that the closure of bridge and the design does not to be required. Therefore, Construction Monitoring of the bridge is very important. It is necessary to adopt a reasonable analysis theory and calculation method to determine the stress and deformation at every stage of the bridge construction process. Construction Monitoring of the bridge is based on analysis the construction process of stress and linear control, the construction of the error analyzed to identify, the problem be corrected in a timely adjust and at the same time the structure of the followed stage be able to correctly predict. The ultimate goal of the finished bridge state is to meet the design requirements.
Based on the construction of Songhuajiang Bridge, the finite element model of the bridge is established by the MIDAS software to analyze the bridge construction in various stages of deformation and force, according to the analysis of the results to calculate the flip-height. In accordance with the practical construction monitoring situation of Songhuajiang Bridge, the reasonable observation schemes are proposed, the flow of construction monitoring is designed, and the effective control system is built. Deflection, temperature and stress are observed, material mechanical property, physical dimension of box beam and prestressing are measured. Then analyze the difference between the theoretical calculation and original data collected. Gradually adjusted the theoretical model so that match the theoretical calculation to the original data collected. By using modern predictive control theory, through parameter adjustment, forward and backward analysis, to forecast the control information and propose reasonable plan, so as to instruct the construction.
Finally, monitoring results of the project of Songhuajiang Bridge are introduced in this article, the real deflection; displacement and stress of segments are accordance with comparing. Then, the Songhuajiang Bridge on the geographical location of the cold areas Bridge structure temperature field and temperature effects are monitor and tested. The results showed that the ultimate control of this bridge have reached an anticipative goal in smooth linear and reasonable structure stress.
本文以松花江大桥为工程背景,详细的论述了本桥的线性控制理论及方法。利用MIDAS软件建立有限元模型,分析桥梁在各个施工阶段的受力和变形,根据分析结果计算出预抛高值。结合松花江大桥实际施工监控情况,提出合理的实施方案,制定施工控制流程,建立全面有效的控制系统,分层次分阶段制定解决方案。对挠度、温度、应力进行观测,检测材料力学参数,箱梁几何尺寸以及预应力张拉等内容。然后,对采集的原始数据和理论计算数据分别进行对比分析,分析理论计算与实际施工情况之间的差异,并逐渐调整模型使理论与实测值之间相吻合。运用现代预测控制理论,调整参数,进行结构前进分析和倒退分析,并预告控制信息,提出合理的方案以指导施工。
针对松花江大桥施工监控的结果,本文详细比较了梁体阶段挠度、累计挠度、各阶段测点应力的计算值和实测值的关系；并结合松花江大桥所处的地理环境对寒冷地区的混凝土桥梁结构温度场及温度效应的影响进行了现场监测及试验。最终监控结果表明,本桥达到了线性平顺、受力合理的预期目的。
Cantilever construction method used in long-span continuous prestressed concrete girder bridge to be going through a complicated process, this process will be determined by many certain and uncertain factors, and a bridge leading to the actual structure of the state is expected to depart from it, which appears by unreasonable structure stress and construction linear, so that the closure of bridge and the design does not to be required. Therefore, Construction Monitoring of the bridge is very important. It is necessary to adopt a reasonable analysis theory and calculation method to determine the stress and deformation at every stage of the bridge construction process. Construction Monitoring of the bridge is based on analysis the construction process of stress and linear control, the construction of the error analyzed to identify, the problem be corrected in a timely adjust and at the same time the structure of the followed stage be able to correctly predict. The ultimate goal of the finished bridge state is to meet the design requirements.
Based on the construction of Songhuajiang Bridge, the finite element model of the bridge is established by the MIDAS software to analyze the bridge construction in various stages of deformation and force, according to the analysis of the results to calculate the flip-height. In accordance with the practical construction monitoring situation of Songhuajiang Bridge, the reasonable observation schemes are proposed, the flow of construction monitoring is designed, and the effective control system is built. Deflection, temperature and stress are observed, material mechanical property, physical dimension of box beam and prestressing are measured. Then analyze the difference between the theoretical calculation and original data collected. Gradually adjusted the theoretical model so that match the theoretical calculation to the original data collected. By using modern predictive control theory, through parameter adjustment, forward and backward analysis, to forecast the control information and propose reasonable plan, so as to instruct the construction.
Finally, monitoring results of the project of Songhuajiang Bridge are introduced in this article, the real deflection; displacement and stress of segments are accordance with comparing. Then, the Songhuajiang Bridge on the geographical location of the cold areas Bridge structure temperature field and temperature effects are monitor and tested. The results showed that the ultimate control of this bridge have reached an anticipative goal in smooth linear and reasonable structure stress.
引文
[1]雷俊卿.桥梁悬臂施工与设计[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2000：1-6.
[2]张继尧,王昌将.悬臂浇筑预应力混凝土连续梁桥[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[3]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003：34-58.
[4]范立础.预应力混凝土连续梁桥[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1999：133-138.
[5]姚玲森.桥梁工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003：242-248.
[6]徐君兰.大跨度桥梁施工控制[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[7]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[8]刘来君.大跨径桥梁施工控制不确定因素分析[D].西安：长安大学,2002.
[9]刘菁华.大跨径桥梁施工控制控制技术研究[D].西安：西安大学,2002.
[10]刘刚量,王中文.虎门大桥辅航道270m连续刚构悬臂施工控制[J].桥梁建设,2001(5)：46-48.
[11]程翔云.悬臂施工中的预拱度设置[J].桥梁建设,1995(7)：9-11.
[12]陈海学,蒋向阳.预应力混凝土连续梁悬臂施工的线性控制[J].桥梁建设,1998(2)：39-41.
[13]孙学先,杨子江.预应力混凝土曲线连续刚构桥梁悬臂灌注施工中的线性控制方法控制[J].桥梁建设,1999(4)：51-56.
[14]路桥集团第一公路工程局.JTJ041-2000公路桥梁施工技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[15]于忠涛.连续刚构桥施工中标高及应变的监控[D].大连：大连理工大学,2003.
[16]朱芳芳.连续刚构桥施工中的结构分析及其控制[D].大连：大连理工大学,2003.
[17]刘成龙,陈强.温度对悬臂法施工桥梁长悬臂箱梁标高的影响及其对策[J].桥梁建设,2003(2)：39-42.
[18]任国旭.相对标高法立模在西江大桥施工中的应用[J].公路,2004(8)：274-275.
[19]王慧东,邵不锋.挂篮施工技术综述[J].铁道标准设计,2001(21)：6-7.
[20]中交公路规划设计院.JTG D60-2004公路桥涵设计通用规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[21]中交公路规划设计院.JTG D62-2004公路钢筋混凝十及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[22]向木生,刘志雄,张开银大跨度预应力混凝土桥梁监测监控技术研究[J].公路交通科技,2002(4)：52-56.
[23]曹立波.松花江大桥90.5 m+3×138 m+90.5 m悬臂施工监控研究与实践[D].石家庄：石家庄铁道学院,2008.
[24]Fujikazu SAKAI,Akira ISOE and Akira UMEDDA. New development of COSCOA-control system of construction accuracy for cable-supportedbridges. PSSC,1992.
[25]H. S. Chiu. Long-Term Deflection Control in Cantilever Prestressed Concrete Bridges,Ⅰ: Control Method. Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1996(6):122-125.
[26]J. E. Breen. Controlling Twist in Precast Segmental Concrete Bridge. PCI Journal, July-August Vol,1985.
[27]S. Sasaki,et al. Construction of the Tohkon Bridge Using the New Intelligent Monitoring System. International Symposium on Modern Applications of Prestressed Concrete,Beijing, China,1991.
[28]M. K. Tadros,A. Ghali& W. H. Dilegex. Analysis of long-term Stress and Deformation in Segmental Construction. Journal of Prestressed Concrete Institute,1979(4):24-26.
[29]武芳文,薛成风,赵雷连续刚构桥梁悬臂施工线形控制分析[J].铁道工程学报,2006(4)：29-33.
[30]向和萍,冯炳生,朱乐辉.黄洲大桥全桥监控方案[J].广东公路交通,2002(S1)：11-13.
[31]范立础.桥梁工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1987：300-308.
[32]张谢东,詹吴,舒洪波.大跨度预应力混凝土连续梁桥合龙施工技术研究[J].桥梁建设,2005(2)：63-66.
[33]马永欣,郑山锁.结构实验[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[34]东南大学,天津大学,同济大学.混凝十结构设计原理[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002：6-27.
[35]张十铎,邓小华,于文州.薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应分析[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[36]刘兴法.混凝士结构的温度应力分析[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1991.
[37]王正仪,吴十清.杨浦大桥上部结构施工温度控制[J].桥梁建设,1994(2)：43-45.
[38]叶见署,贾琳,钱培舒.混凝十箱梁温度分布观测与研究[J].东南大学学报,2002(5)：788-793.
[39]Froli M, Hariga N, Nati G. Longitudinal thermal behavior of a concrete box girder. Structure Engineering International,1996(4):237-242.
[40]Dilger,WH,Ghali,A,Chan,M,Cheung,M.S.and Maes,M.A. Temperature Stresses in Composite Box Girder Bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering,1983(6):1460-1478.
[2]张继尧,王昌将.悬臂浇筑预应力混凝土连续梁桥[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[3]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003：34-58.
[4]范立础.预应力混凝土连续梁桥[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1999：133-138.
[5]姚玲森.桥梁工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003：242-248.
[6]徐君兰.大跨度桥梁施工控制[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[7]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[8]刘来君.大跨径桥梁施工控制不确定因素分析[D].西安：长安大学,2002.
[9]刘菁华.大跨径桥梁施工控制控制技术研究[D].西安：西安大学,2002.
[10]刘刚量,王中文.虎门大桥辅航道270m连续刚构悬臂施工控制[J].桥梁建设,2001(5)：46-48.
[11]程翔云.悬臂施工中的预拱度设置[J].桥梁建设,1995(7)：9-11.
[12]陈海学,蒋向阳.预应力混凝土连续梁悬臂施工的线性控制[J].桥梁建设,1998(2)：39-41.
[13]孙学先,杨子江.预应力混凝土曲线连续刚构桥梁悬臂灌注施工中的线性控制方法控制[J].桥梁建设,1999(4)：51-56.
[14]路桥集团第一公路工程局.JTJ041-2000公路桥梁施工技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[15]于忠涛.连续刚构桥施工中标高及应变的监控[D].大连：大连理工大学,2003.
[16]朱芳芳.连续刚构桥施工中的结构分析及其控制[D].大连：大连理工大学,2003.
[17]刘成龙,陈强.温度对悬臂法施工桥梁长悬臂箱梁标高的影响及其对策[J].桥梁建设,2003(2)：39-42.
[18]任国旭.相对标高法立模在西江大桥施工中的应用[J].公路,2004(8)：274-275.
[19]王慧东,邵不锋.挂篮施工技术综述[J].铁道标准设计,2001(21)：6-7.
[20]中交公路规划设计院.JTG D60-2004公路桥涵设计通用规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[21]中交公路规划设计院.JTG D62-2004公路钢筋混凝十及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[22]向木生,刘志雄,张开银大跨度预应力混凝土桥梁监测监控技术研究[J].公路交通科技,2002(4)：52-56.
[23]曹立波.松花江大桥90.5 m+3×138 m+90.5 m悬臂施工监控研究与实践[D].石家庄：石家庄铁道学院,2008.
[24]Fujikazu SAKAI,Akira ISOE and Akira UMEDDA. New development of COSCOA-control system of construction accuracy for cable-supportedbridges. PSSC,1992.
[25]H. S. Chiu. Long-Term Deflection Control in Cantilever Prestressed Concrete Bridges,Ⅰ: Control Method. Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1996(6):122-125.
[26]J. E. Breen. Controlling Twist in Precast Segmental Concrete Bridge. PCI Journal, July-August Vol,1985.
[27]S. Sasaki,et al. Construction of the Tohkon Bridge Using the New Intelligent Monitoring System. International Symposium on Modern Applications of Prestressed Concrete,Beijing, China,1991.
[28]M. K. Tadros,A. Ghali& W. H. Dilegex. Analysis of long-term Stress and Deformation in Segmental Construction. Journal of Prestressed Concrete Institute,1979(4):24-26.
[29]武芳文,薛成风,赵雷连续刚构桥梁悬臂施工线形控制分析[J].铁道工程学报,2006(4)：29-33.
[30]向和萍,冯炳生,朱乐辉.黄洲大桥全桥监控方案[J].广东公路交通,2002(S1)：11-13.
[31]范立础.桥梁工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1987：300-308.
[32]张谢东,詹吴,舒洪波.大跨度预应力混凝土连续梁桥合龙施工技术研究[J].桥梁建设,2005(2)：63-66.
[33]马永欣,郑山锁.结构实验[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[34]东南大学,天津大学,同济大学.混凝十结构设计原理[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002：6-27.
[35]张十铎,邓小华,于文州.薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应分析[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[36]刘兴法.混凝士结构的温度应力分析[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1991.
[37]王正仪,吴十清.杨浦大桥上部结构施工温度控制[J].桥梁建设,1994(2)：43-45.
[38]叶见署,贾琳,钱培舒.混凝十箱梁温度分布观测与研究[J].东南大学学报,2002(5)：788-793.
[39]Froli M, Hariga N, Nati G. Longitudinal thermal behavior of a concrete box girder. Structure Engineering International,1996(4):237-242.
[40]Dilger,WH,Ghali,A,Chan,M,Cheung,M.S.and Maes,M.A. Temperature Stresses in Composite Box Girder Bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering,1983(6):1460-1478.