基于GIS的杭州市特色经济作物土地适宜性评价
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摘要
对特色经济作物的土地适宜性评价成为近年来农业区划研究的一个重要方向。气候条件、地形条件和土壤条件等是决定名特优农产品分布及其品质的重要因素。茶叶、山核桃和香榧作为杭州市传统的特色经济作物,对地区农业经济发展起到重要的推动作用。因此对杭州市茶叶、山核桃和香榧的土地适宜性进行评价,可以为调整和优化特色经济作物种植布局以及发展区域特色农产品提供科学依据。
本研究基于地理信息系统和数学模型集成技术,以杭州市为研究区域,以50m×50m栅格为评价单元,首先根据杭州市茶叶、山核桃和香榧对自然环境条件的要求,建立包括气候条件、地形条件、土壤条件等三方面的特色经济作物土地适宜性评价因子体系;再借助回归逆距离权重法、回归普通克里金法、回归样条法和回归趋势面分析法插值等混合插值方法对杭州市气候要素空间分布进行模拟,并进行空间精度比较分析;最后采用模糊综合评价法对杭州市特色经济作物土地适宜性进行评价。研究结果表明:
1.以杭州市及周边34个气象观测站的基本气象要素数据为数据源,借助回归逆距离权重法、回归普通克里金法、回归样条法和回归趋势面分析法等4种混合插值法对杭州市的年平均气温、≥10℃的活动积温、年极端最低气温≤-13℃出现的频率、4-10月的平均相对湿度、年平均降雨量、年日照时数和四月下旬到五月中旬的晴天数等7个气候要素进行空间分布模拟研究。通过误差分析发现,逆距离权重法修正回归模型得到的年平均降水量、年极端最低气温≤-13℃出现的频率、4-10月的平均相对湿度和四月下旬到五月中旬的晴天数分布的绝对平均误差、相对平均误差、均方根误差均小于普通克里金法、样条法、趋势面分析3种插值法,因此,回归逆距离权重插值法的效果最好,估测值比较接近实际情况。而对于年平均气温和年日照时数来说,回归普通克里金法具有最小的绝对平均误差、相对平均误差、均方根误差,因此,回归普通克里金插值法对年平均气温和年日照时数的空间分布模拟效果最好。
2.采用模糊综合评价法对杭州市茶叶、山核桃和香榧的土地适宜性进行评价。结果如下:(1)杭州市最适宜种植茶叶的土地面积为3417.18 km~2,占参评土地总面积的22.30%,适宜种植茶叶的土地面积为8355.10 km~2,占参评土地总面积的54.53%,不适宜性种植茶叶的土地面积为13550.73 km~2,占参评土地总面积的23.17%。(2)杭州市最适宜种植山核桃的土地面积为4679.42 km~2,占参评土地总面积的30.54%,适宜种植山核桃的土地面积较大,为7128.74 km~2,占参评土地总面积的46.52%,不适宜种植山核桃的土地面积有3514.85 km~2,占参评土地总面积的22.94%。(3)杭州市最适宜种植香榧的土地有5380.98 km~2,占参评土地总面积的35.12%,适宜种植香榧的土地面积为6206.53 km~2,占参评土地总面积的40.50%,不适宜的香榧生长的土地有3735.50 km2,占参评土地总面积的24.38%。
3.杭州市种植茶叶条件较好。最适宜和适宜种植茶叶的土地面积分别占全市宜茶叶土地总面积的29.02%和70.97%,最适宜种植茶叶土地主要分布主在余杭、萧山东部、富阳市东部,桐庐县东南部、建德市西南部和淳安县东南部地区的中低山区,占最适宜种植茶叶土地面积的82.79%。茶叶种植适宜区主要分布在淳安县、临安市、建德市和富阳市,占适宜种植茶叶土地面积的69.81%。杭州市种植山核桃潜力较大,最适宜和适宜种植山核桃的土地面积分别占全市宜山核桃土地总面积的39.63%和60.37%。最适宜山核桃种植面积有5298.02 km~2,占评价区域土地面积的34.84%,主要集中在富阳市市区,桐庐县中东部、建德市东部和临安市中南部地区的丘陵低山地带,山核桃适宜区,主要分布在临安市中北部、淳安县北部、东部、西部、建德市南部区域。杭州市发展香榧产业的条件较为优越,其中最适宜香榧种植,主要集中在富阳市东南部,桐庐县中部和东部、建德市北部和东部、淳安县东南部地区的丘陵低山区,占最适宜种植香榧土地面积88.15%。适宜区主要分布在萧山区东北部、临安市东北部和中部、富阳市西南部、淳安县西南部等低海拔地区。
In recent years, the evaluation of land suitability for cash crops has become an important part in research on agricultural regionalization.The conditions of soil、topography and climate are the main factors that determine the spatial distribution and quality of cash crops.As the specialty cash crops, tea、carya and torreya play a great role on the Agricultural economy development. Hence, it is of great value to evaluate land suitability for cash crops in Hangzhou. It can provide scientific basis for adjusting and optimizing the agricultural structure.
This study was based on GIS and mathematical model.Taking HangZhou city as research region,the unit of evaluation was 50mx50m grid.Firstly, according to natural request about tea、carya and torreya,we choose the factor of suitability evaluation including climatic、topography and soil condition.And we use regression ordinary kriging method interpolation, regression inverse distance weight method interpolation, regression trend surface samples mixed method interpolation to analysis the spatial distribution of Hangzhou’s meteorological elements.Finally applying fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to evaluate land suitability for cash crops in HangZhou city.The results were following:
Based on 34 stations precipitation data,we apply regression ordinary kriging method interpolation, regression inverse distance weight method interpolation, regression trend surface samples mixed interpolation to study spatial distribution of precipitation of HangZhou.The cross-validation results show that regression ordinary kriging method is better than the other three kinds of interpolation method in average temperature for years and years for sunshine duration.But for average annual rainfall、annual extreme appear more than -13℃frequency, the average relative humidity in April to October、the sunny days in the late April to middle may regression inverse distance weight method interpolation is the best method.
2. In this study, the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applied to the land suitability evaluation for tea、carya and torreya in hangzhou city.The evaluation results show that: (1)The area of the most suitable land resources for tea is 3417.18 km~2 ,which accouts for 22.30% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the unsuitable land resources for tea is 8355.10km~2 ,which accouts for 54.53% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the most suitable land resources for tea is 13550.73 km~2 ,which accouts for 23.17% of the area of reaserching land .(2) The area of the most suitable land resources for carya is 4679.42 km~2 ,which accouts for 30.54% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the more suitable land resources for carya is 7128.74km~2 ,which accouts for 46.52% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the unsuitable land resources for carya is 3514.85 km~2 ,which accouts for 22.94% of the area of reaserching land . (3) The area of the most suitable land resources for torreya is 5380.98 km~2 ,which accouts for 35.12% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the more suitable land resources for torreya is 6206.53km~2 ,which accouts for 40.50% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the unsuitable land resources for torreya is 3735.50 km~2 ,which accouts for 24.38% of the area of reaserching land .
3. The land quality for tea was total perferable in Hangzhou. The most suitable and more suitable regions respectively accounted for 29.02% and 70.97% of the areas of all the suitable cultivated land for tea. The most suitable land resources for tea were mailny distributed in yuhang, in the east of XiaoShan and FuYang、in the southeast of TongLu county、in the southwest of JianDe city and in the low mountainous areas in the southeastof ChunAn which accounted for 82.79% of the area of the most suitable regions. The more suitable land were mailny distributed in ChunAn, LlinAn, JianDe and FuYang which accounted for 69.81% of the area of the more suitable regions. The most suitable and more suitable regions respectively accounted for 39.63% and 60.37% of the areas of all the suitable cultivated land for carya. The most suitable land resources for carya were mailny distributed in the center of FuYang、in the low mountainous areas of middle-east of JianDe and the middle-south of LinAn which accounted for 34.84% of the total evaluation areas. The more suitable land were mailny distributed in the middle-north of LinAn and in the south of JianDe and ChunAn.The most suitable land resources for torreya were mailny distributed in the southeast of fuyang、in the middle and east of TongLu、in the northeast of JianDe and in the low mountainous areas of the southeast of ChunAn which accounted for 88.15% of the area of the most suitable regions. The more suitable land were mailny distributed in the low altitude area of the northwestern XiaoShan、northeastern LinAn southwestern FuYang and ChunAn.
本研究基于地理信息系统和数学模型集成技术,以杭州市为研究区域,以50m×50m栅格为评价单元,首先根据杭州市茶叶、山核桃和香榧对自然环境条件的要求,建立包括气候条件、地形条件、土壤条件等三方面的特色经济作物土地适宜性评价因子体系;再借助回归逆距离权重法、回归普通克里金法、回归样条法和回归趋势面分析法插值等混合插值方法对杭州市气候要素空间分布进行模拟,并进行空间精度比较分析;最后采用模糊综合评价法对杭州市特色经济作物土地适宜性进行评价。研究结果表明:
1.以杭州市及周边34个气象观测站的基本气象要素数据为数据源,借助回归逆距离权重法、回归普通克里金法、回归样条法和回归趋势面分析法等4种混合插值法对杭州市的年平均气温、≥10℃的活动积温、年极端最低气温≤-13℃出现的频率、4-10月的平均相对湿度、年平均降雨量、年日照时数和四月下旬到五月中旬的晴天数等7个气候要素进行空间分布模拟研究。通过误差分析发现,逆距离权重法修正回归模型得到的年平均降水量、年极端最低气温≤-13℃出现的频率、4-10月的平均相对湿度和四月下旬到五月中旬的晴天数分布的绝对平均误差、相对平均误差、均方根误差均小于普通克里金法、样条法、趋势面分析3种插值法,因此,回归逆距离权重插值法的效果最好,估测值比较接近实际情况。而对于年平均气温和年日照时数来说,回归普通克里金法具有最小的绝对平均误差、相对平均误差、均方根误差,因此,回归普通克里金插值法对年平均气温和年日照时数的空间分布模拟效果最好。
2.采用模糊综合评价法对杭州市茶叶、山核桃和香榧的土地适宜性进行评价。结果如下:(1)杭州市最适宜种植茶叶的土地面积为3417.18 km~2,占参评土地总面积的22.30%,适宜种植茶叶的土地面积为8355.10 km~2,占参评土地总面积的54.53%,不适宜性种植茶叶的土地面积为13550.73 km~2,占参评土地总面积的23.17%。(2)杭州市最适宜种植山核桃的土地面积为4679.42 km~2,占参评土地总面积的30.54%,适宜种植山核桃的土地面积较大,为7128.74 km~2,占参评土地总面积的46.52%,不适宜种植山核桃的土地面积有3514.85 km~2,占参评土地总面积的22.94%。(3)杭州市最适宜种植香榧的土地有5380.98 km~2,占参评土地总面积的35.12%,适宜种植香榧的土地面积为6206.53 km~2,占参评土地总面积的40.50%,不适宜的香榧生长的土地有3735.50 km2,占参评土地总面积的24.38%。
3.杭州市种植茶叶条件较好。最适宜和适宜种植茶叶的土地面积分别占全市宜茶叶土地总面积的29.02%和70.97%,最适宜种植茶叶土地主要分布主在余杭、萧山东部、富阳市东部,桐庐县东南部、建德市西南部和淳安县东南部地区的中低山区,占最适宜种植茶叶土地面积的82.79%。茶叶种植适宜区主要分布在淳安县、临安市、建德市和富阳市,占适宜种植茶叶土地面积的69.81%。杭州市种植山核桃潜力较大,最适宜和适宜种植山核桃的土地面积分别占全市宜山核桃土地总面积的39.63%和60.37%。最适宜山核桃种植面积有5298.02 km~2,占评价区域土地面积的34.84%,主要集中在富阳市市区,桐庐县中东部、建德市东部和临安市中南部地区的丘陵低山地带,山核桃适宜区,主要分布在临安市中北部、淳安县北部、东部、西部、建德市南部区域。杭州市发展香榧产业的条件较为优越,其中最适宜香榧种植,主要集中在富阳市东南部,桐庐县中部和东部、建德市北部和东部、淳安县东南部地区的丘陵低山区,占最适宜种植香榧土地面积88.15%。适宜区主要分布在萧山区东北部、临安市东北部和中部、富阳市西南部、淳安县西南部等低海拔地区。
In recent years, the evaluation of land suitability for cash crops has become an important part in research on agricultural regionalization.The conditions of soil、topography and climate are the main factors that determine the spatial distribution and quality of cash crops.As the specialty cash crops, tea、carya and torreya play a great role on the Agricultural economy development. Hence, it is of great value to evaluate land suitability for cash crops in Hangzhou. It can provide scientific basis for adjusting and optimizing the agricultural structure.
This study was based on GIS and mathematical model.Taking HangZhou city as research region,the unit of evaluation was 50mx50m grid.Firstly, according to natural request about tea、carya and torreya,we choose the factor of suitability evaluation including climatic、topography and soil condition.And we use regression ordinary kriging method interpolation, regression inverse distance weight method interpolation, regression trend surface samples mixed method interpolation to analysis the spatial distribution of Hangzhou’s meteorological elements.Finally applying fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to evaluate land suitability for cash crops in HangZhou city.The results were following:
Based on 34 stations precipitation data,we apply regression ordinary kriging method interpolation, regression inverse distance weight method interpolation, regression trend surface samples mixed interpolation to study spatial distribution of precipitation of HangZhou.The cross-validation results show that regression ordinary kriging method is better than the other three kinds of interpolation method in average temperature for years and years for sunshine duration.But for average annual rainfall、annual extreme appear more than -13℃frequency, the average relative humidity in April to October、the sunny days in the late April to middle may regression inverse distance weight method interpolation is the best method.
2. In this study, the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applied to the land suitability evaluation for tea、carya and torreya in hangzhou city.The evaluation results show that: (1)The area of the most suitable land resources for tea is 3417.18 km~2 ,which accouts for 22.30% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the unsuitable land resources for tea is 8355.10km~2 ,which accouts for 54.53% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the most suitable land resources for tea is 13550.73 km~2 ,which accouts for 23.17% of the area of reaserching land .(2) The area of the most suitable land resources for carya is 4679.42 km~2 ,which accouts for 30.54% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the more suitable land resources for carya is 7128.74km~2 ,which accouts for 46.52% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the unsuitable land resources for carya is 3514.85 km~2 ,which accouts for 22.94% of the area of reaserching land . (3) The area of the most suitable land resources for torreya is 5380.98 km~2 ,which accouts for 35.12% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the more suitable land resources for torreya is 6206.53km~2 ,which accouts for 40.50% of the area of reaserching land ; The area of the unsuitable land resources for torreya is 3735.50 km~2 ,which accouts for 24.38% of the area of reaserching land .
3. The land quality for tea was total perferable in Hangzhou. The most suitable and more suitable regions respectively accounted for 29.02% and 70.97% of the areas of all the suitable cultivated land for tea. The most suitable land resources for tea were mailny distributed in yuhang, in the east of XiaoShan and FuYang、in the southeast of TongLu county、in the southwest of JianDe city and in the low mountainous areas in the southeastof ChunAn which accounted for 82.79% of the area of the most suitable regions. The more suitable land were mailny distributed in ChunAn, LlinAn, JianDe and FuYang which accounted for 69.81% of the area of the more suitable regions. The most suitable and more suitable regions respectively accounted for 39.63% and 60.37% of the areas of all the suitable cultivated land for carya. The most suitable land resources for carya were mailny distributed in the center of FuYang、in the low mountainous areas of middle-east of JianDe and the middle-south of LinAn which accounted for 34.84% of the total evaluation areas. The more suitable land were mailny distributed in the middle-north of LinAn and in the south of JianDe and ChunAn.The most suitable land resources for torreya were mailny distributed in the southeast of fuyang、in the middle and east of TongLu、in the northeast of JianDe and in the low mountainous areas of the southeast of ChunAn which accounted for 88.15% of the area of the most suitable regions. The more suitable land were mailny distributed in the low altitude area of the northwestern XiaoShan、northeastern LinAn southwestern FuYang and ChunAn.
引文
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