河南省罗非鱼当年养成综合技术研究
摘要
本研究通过查阅大量资料,总结了罗非鱼的生活习性、繁殖习性、生长习性等重要的生物学特性,概述了罗非鱼在我国及世界各地的分布及养殖情况,并就养殖过程中存在的问题和方法进行了深入的讨论,为政府部门制定罗非鱼发展规划,并为投资者及养殖户发展罗非鱼的养殖提供决策依据；通过对塑料大棚内水温的观测和分析,与罗非鱼的生物学特性进行比较,提出了塑料大棚适宜罗非鱼大规格苗种的培育。投放苗种应在每年的3月中旬进行,培育时间为2个月,苗种规格可达到20g/尾左右。塑料大棚水池的透明度、溶氧量、PH值等主要指标完全可以调节到罗非鱼养殖用水最适宜指标范围内；通过对饲养时间与罗非鱼体重关系的研究,提出塑料大棚水池培育罗非鱼苗种到当年养成商品鱼,适宜的捕捞上市时间应在每年10月初或中旬,同时应尽可能避免越冬：除此之外,本文结合当前生产的实际情况,对于利用塑料棚培育罗非鱼大规格苗种到当年养成商品鱼的技术难点进行了研究,并提出了解决问题的几个途径和措施。通过整个养殖过程管理中存在问题的总结,提出了日常管理应注意的事项,研究结果表明,罗非鱼这种热带鱼类在我国北方利用塑料大棚培育成大规格苗种到当年养成商品鱼的一整套技术是成功的,塑料大棚的使用使放养时间提前了50天,缩短了生长周期,并且苗种的成活率提高到95%以上,每667m2产生利润6136.4元。
This research summarized the living habits、breeding habits、growth habits and others important biological characteristics of Tilapia,also summarized the distributing and breeding state of Tilapia in home and abroad, and discussed the issues and methods in the process of culture, provided development planning for government and reference for investor and culturist of Tilapia. Through observed and analysed the water temperature of plastic greenhouse, compared to the biological characteristics of Tilapia, obtained that plastic greenhouse was fit to cultivate large-sized seed of Tilapia. Tilapia culture begin in mid-March each year was good,the times were two months, the weight of each fish could reach to 20g or more. The transparency、dissolved oxygen、PH and others important indicators of plastic greenhouse were fit to live environment of Tilapia. Through researched the relation of feeding time and weight of Tilapia, obtained that the appropriate time from cultivated large-sized fish seed to finished fish was in early in October or mid-october, and avoided hibernation was essential. Another, in this paper, according to the actual state of current production, the aquaculture technical issues were discussed about culture Tilapia. And provided several approaches and measures.Through the whole process of breeding husbandry, important notices were realized. The results showed that the aquaculture technique that used plastic greenhouse cultivate large-size fish seed to finished fish of Tilapia was successful,and the time of begin was 50 days in advance, growth cycle was shorted. And the survival rate was increased to more than 95%, genrate profit is 6136.4 yuan per 667m2.
This research summarized the living habits、breeding habits、growth habits and others important biological characteristics of Tilapia,also summarized the distributing and breeding state of Tilapia in home and abroad, and discussed the issues and methods in the process of culture, provided development planning for government and reference for investor and culturist of Tilapia. Through observed and analysed the water temperature of plastic greenhouse, compared to the biological characteristics of Tilapia, obtained that plastic greenhouse was fit to cultivate large-sized seed of Tilapia. Tilapia culture begin in mid-March each year was good,the times were two months, the weight of each fish could reach to 20g or more. The transparency、dissolved oxygen、PH and others important indicators of plastic greenhouse were fit to live environment of Tilapia. Through researched the relation of feeding time and weight of Tilapia, obtained that the appropriate time from cultivated large-sized fish seed to finished fish was in early in October or mid-october, and avoided hibernation was essential. Another, in this paper, according to the actual state of current production, the aquaculture technical issues were discussed about culture Tilapia. And provided several approaches and measures.Through the whole process of breeding husbandry, important notices were realized. The results showed that the aquaculture technique that used plastic greenhouse cultivate large-size fish seed to finished fish of Tilapia was successful,and the time of begin was 50 days in advance, growth cycle was shorted. And the survival rate was increased to more than 95%, genrate profit is 6136.4 yuan per 667m2.
引文
[1]李金秋.罗非鱼养殖业存在问题与未米发展[J].江西水产科技.2006,2,19-4.
[2]叶信平.美国历史吴郭鱼(罗非鱼)之进口及2001-2002年生产生销现况.中国水产(台)[J].2003,602,40-46.
[3]廖国璋.罗非鱼的分布及引进移殖[J].水产科技.
[4]王楚松.罗非鱼的养殖[M].农业出版社.
[5]王茂林等.农民实用技术推广丛书[M].中国农业出版社.
[6]夏德全.中国罗非鱼养殖现状及发展前景.科学养鱼.2000a,21,1-1.
[7]杨淞,卢迈新,黄樟翰等.5种杂交F1罗非鱼生长性能比较研究[J].淡水渔业.2006,36,41-44.
[8]吴福煌,车啸.浅议尼罗罗非鱼种资源及其保护.淡水渔业.1998,12-14.
[9]李思发,李晨虹.尼罗罗非鱼品系间形态差异分析.动物学报.1998,450-457.
[10]李家乐,李思发.中国大陆尼罗罗非鱼引进及其研究进展.水产学报.2001,90-95.
[11]李思发,李晨虹,李家乐等.尼罗罗非鱼五品系生长性能评估[J].水产学报.1998,22,1-8.
[12]刘峰,谢新民,.罗非鱼优良品系一吉富罗非鱼的育成始末.水产科技情报.2006,33,8-12.
[13]王楚松.罗非鱼的养殖.1987.农业出版社.北京.
[14]曹萤,夏德全.尼罗非鲫和奥利亚非卿线粒体Dna遗传著异的研究.水产学报.1997,360-365.
[15]王楚松,夏德全.奥尼鱼(S,nilotica♀x S,aureao♂)杂种优势利用的研究.淡水渔业.1989,13,14-15.
[16]Lovshin L.L.Criteria for selecting Nile tilapia and red tilapia for culture.In:Fitzsimmons,k, Carvalho Filho,J.(Eds.),Tilapia Aquaculture in the 21 st Century.Proceedings from the Fifth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture,vO1.1.Ministry of Agriculture,Rio de Janeiro.Brazil,pp.2000,49-57.
[17]陈素芝.我国引进的罗非鱼类.中国水产.1992,22-23.
[18]张海明.罗非鱼的养殖及其发展前景[J].水产养殖.2004,11,40-43.
[19]丁卓平,刘振华,李仁冬,朱卫钦.罗非鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白提取条件的研究[J].水产科技情报.2006,33,190.
[20]吴云辉.搞好罗非鱼养殖加工促进福建省水产业发展[[J].福建水产.2004,6,78-80.
[21]孔美兰,吉宏武,张超桦.罗非鱼下脚料臼溶条件下的初步探讨[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2005,25,27-31,
[22]阮世玲.罗非鱼健康养殖技术.化学工业出版社.
[23]上海绿洲经济动物科技公司编.经济动物养殖技术丛书.上海科学技术文献出版社.
[24]张晓影,刘猛,王建华.北方地区罗非鱼当年养成技术[J].中国水产.2008,8,29-30.
[25]张晓影,刘猛,王建华,白萍,张莉.土池塑料大棚培育罗非鱼大规格鱼种.河南水 产.2006.3.8-9.
[26]Israel Snir.Regal Springs Tilapia sustainability by social and environmental commitment[A].首届全球水产养殖业贸易大会论文集[C].2007.
[27]Kang'ombe, J.Effect of using low-protein diets in semi-intensive pond cage culture of tilapia,Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger)[J].Journal of applied aquaculture,2008,Vol,20(No.4).
[28]Wing-Keong Ng,Rosdiana Hamm,Sih-Win Teh.Malaysia Study:GIFT Tilapia Show Greater FCR, Growth Potential Than Red Tilapia[J].Global Aquaculture Advocate,2008,Vol.11(No.1)
[29]潘芳华.无公害罗非鱼养殖高产高效技术措施[J].大众科技,2009,(5).
[30]崔和.中国罗非鱼养殖成本分析[A].第四届罗非鱼产业发展论坛论文汇编[C].2007.
[31]林东年.大规格优质奥尼罗非鱼养殖试验[J].水利渔业,2006,26(5).
[32]陈德寿.罗非鱼养殖品种与模式选择效果分析[J].海洋与渔业,2008,(1)
[33]Kaliba, A R,Ngugi, C C.Economic profitability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) production in Kenya.[J].Aquaculture research,2007,Vol.38(No.11)
[34]蔡文波.罗非鱼养殖生产中质量安全管理存在的问题与对策[J].海洋与渔业,2009,(6).
[35]梁前才,车南青,董文业.茂名地区罗非鱼养殖品种调查[J].海洋与渔业,2007,(1).
[36]李家乐.中国大陆尼罗罗非鱼引进及其研究进展[J].水产学报,2001,25(1).
[37]王敏.山西省罗非鱼养殖现状,存在问题及发展对策[J].山西农业,2006,(20).
[38]惠瞻.广东罗非鱼养殖产业化面临的问题[J].现代渔业信息,2004,19(12).
[39]陈国权,甘安辉.大规格罗非鱼安全高效养殖试验[J].海洋与渔业,2009,(8).
[40]薛志,伟.罗非鱼低密度养殖分析[A].2008第五届罗非鱼产业发展论坛论文集[C].2008.
[41]雷光英,曹俊明,万忠等.2008年度广东省罗非鱼产业发展现状分析[J].广东农业科学2009,(7)
[42]潘骏.海南罗非鱼产业发展现状与趋势[A].第四届罗非鱼产业发展论坛论文汇[C].2007.
[43]卢迈新,黄樟翰.罗非鱼遗传育种研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(2).
[44]周远扬,叶星,卢迈新等.两个罗非鱼杂交组合亲本群体与杂种F1的AFLP分析[J].农业生物技术学报,2007,15(3)
[45]王万东.吉富罗非鱼养殖技术[J].养殖与饲料,2007,(11)
[46]林德芬.发展罗非鱼养殖若干技术问题的探讨[A].1987.
[47]陈达炎.高要市的气候对罗非鱼生长适应性的影响[J].广东气象,2009,31(4)
[48]李莹,张鹏.常见的罗非鱼疾病防治技术[J].水产养殖,2008,29(1)
[49]王锋,张小栓,傅泽田.我国罗非鱼产业发展的SWOT分析[A].2008中国渔业经济专家论坛论文集[c].2008.
[50]简伟业.茂名罗非鱼产业发展对策探讨[J].南方论刊,2008,(5)
[51]符云,钟金香,颉晓勇等.罗非鱼3个养殖群体的遗传多样性及特异性AFLP标记研究 [J].南方水产,2008,4(6)
[52]任维美.埃及用禽粪添加维生素C和鲜酵母养殖罗非鱼[J].饲料研究,2000,(9)
[53]王欢.橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼Ghrelin和GHSR基因的克隆及组织表达研究[D].2009.
[54]罗志平.罗非鱼与南美白对虾混养技术[J].海洋与渔业,2006,(8).
[2]叶信平.美国历史吴郭鱼(罗非鱼)之进口及2001-2002年生产生销现况.中国水产(台)[J].2003,602,40-46.
[3]廖国璋.罗非鱼的分布及引进移殖[J].水产科技.
[4]王楚松.罗非鱼的养殖[M].农业出版社.
[5]王茂林等.农民实用技术推广丛书[M].中国农业出版社.
[6]夏德全.中国罗非鱼养殖现状及发展前景.科学养鱼.2000a,21,1-1.
[7]杨淞,卢迈新,黄樟翰等.5种杂交F1罗非鱼生长性能比较研究[J].淡水渔业.2006,36,41-44.
[8]吴福煌,车啸.浅议尼罗罗非鱼种资源及其保护.淡水渔业.1998,12-14.
[9]李思发,李晨虹.尼罗罗非鱼品系间形态差异分析.动物学报.1998,450-457.
[10]李家乐,李思发.中国大陆尼罗罗非鱼引进及其研究进展.水产学报.2001,90-95.
[11]李思发,李晨虹,李家乐等.尼罗罗非鱼五品系生长性能评估[J].水产学报.1998,22,1-8.
[12]刘峰,谢新民,.罗非鱼优良品系一吉富罗非鱼的育成始末.水产科技情报.2006,33,8-12.
[13]王楚松.罗非鱼的养殖.1987.农业出版社.北京.
[14]曹萤,夏德全.尼罗非鲫和奥利亚非卿线粒体Dna遗传著异的研究.水产学报.1997,360-365.
[15]王楚松,夏德全.奥尼鱼(S,nilotica♀x S,aureao♂)杂种优势利用的研究.淡水渔业.1989,13,14-15.
[16]Lovshin L.L.Criteria for selecting Nile tilapia and red tilapia for culture.In:Fitzsimmons,k, Carvalho Filho,J.(Eds.),Tilapia Aquaculture in the 21 st Century.Proceedings from the Fifth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture,vO1.1.Ministry of Agriculture,Rio de Janeiro.Brazil,pp.2000,49-57.
[17]陈素芝.我国引进的罗非鱼类.中国水产.1992,22-23.
[18]张海明.罗非鱼的养殖及其发展前景[J].水产养殖.2004,11,40-43.
[19]丁卓平,刘振华,李仁冬,朱卫钦.罗非鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白提取条件的研究[J].水产科技情报.2006,33,190.
[20]吴云辉.搞好罗非鱼养殖加工促进福建省水产业发展[[J].福建水产.2004,6,78-80.
[21]孔美兰,吉宏武,张超桦.罗非鱼下脚料臼溶条件下的初步探讨[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2005,25,27-31,
[22]阮世玲.罗非鱼健康养殖技术.化学工业出版社.
[23]上海绿洲经济动物科技公司编.经济动物养殖技术丛书.上海科学技术文献出版社.
[24]张晓影,刘猛,王建华.北方地区罗非鱼当年养成技术[J].中国水产.2008,8,29-30.
[25]张晓影,刘猛,王建华,白萍,张莉.土池塑料大棚培育罗非鱼大规格鱼种.河南水 产.2006.3.8-9.
[26]Israel Snir.Regal Springs Tilapia sustainability by social and environmental commitment[A].首届全球水产养殖业贸易大会论文集[C].2007.
[27]Kang'ombe, J.Effect of using low-protein diets in semi-intensive pond cage culture of tilapia,Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger)[J].Journal of applied aquaculture,2008,Vol,20(No.4).
[28]Wing-Keong Ng,Rosdiana Hamm,Sih-Win Teh.Malaysia Study:GIFT Tilapia Show Greater FCR, Growth Potential Than Red Tilapia[J].Global Aquaculture Advocate,2008,Vol.11(No.1)
[29]潘芳华.无公害罗非鱼养殖高产高效技术措施[J].大众科技,2009,(5).
[30]崔和.中国罗非鱼养殖成本分析[A].第四届罗非鱼产业发展论坛论文汇编[C].2007.
[31]林东年.大规格优质奥尼罗非鱼养殖试验[J].水利渔业,2006,26(5).
[32]陈德寿.罗非鱼养殖品种与模式选择效果分析[J].海洋与渔业,2008,(1)
[33]Kaliba, A R,Ngugi, C C.Economic profitability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) production in Kenya.[J].Aquaculture research,2007,Vol.38(No.11)
[34]蔡文波.罗非鱼养殖生产中质量安全管理存在的问题与对策[J].海洋与渔业,2009,(6).
[35]梁前才,车南青,董文业.茂名地区罗非鱼养殖品种调查[J].海洋与渔业,2007,(1).
[36]李家乐.中国大陆尼罗罗非鱼引进及其研究进展[J].水产学报,2001,25(1).
[37]王敏.山西省罗非鱼养殖现状,存在问题及发展对策[J].山西农业,2006,(20).
[38]惠瞻.广东罗非鱼养殖产业化面临的问题[J].现代渔业信息,2004,19(12).
[39]陈国权,甘安辉.大规格罗非鱼安全高效养殖试验[J].海洋与渔业,2009,(8).
[40]薛志,伟.罗非鱼低密度养殖分析[A].2008第五届罗非鱼产业发展论坛论文集[C].2008.
[41]雷光英,曹俊明,万忠等.2008年度广东省罗非鱼产业发展现状分析[J].广东农业科学2009,(7)
[42]潘骏.海南罗非鱼产业发展现状与趋势[A].第四届罗非鱼产业发展论坛论文汇[C].2007.
[43]卢迈新,黄樟翰.罗非鱼遗传育种研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(2).
[44]周远扬,叶星,卢迈新等.两个罗非鱼杂交组合亲本群体与杂种F1的AFLP分析[J].农业生物技术学报,2007,15(3)
[45]王万东.吉富罗非鱼养殖技术[J].养殖与饲料,2007,(11)
[46]林德芬.发展罗非鱼养殖若干技术问题的探讨[A].1987.
[47]陈达炎.高要市的气候对罗非鱼生长适应性的影响[J].广东气象,2009,31(4)
[48]李莹,张鹏.常见的罗非鱼疾病防治技术[J].水产养殖,2008,29(1)
[49]王锋,张小栓,傅泽田.我国罗非鱼产业发展的SWOT分析[A].2008中国渔业经济专家论坛论文集[c].2008.
[50]简伟业.茂名罗非鱼产业发展对策探讨[J].南方论刊,2008,(5)
[51]符云,钟金香,颉晓勇等.罗非鱼3个养殖群体的遗传多样性及特异性AFLP标记研究 [J].南方水产,2008,4(6)
[52]任维美.埃及用禽粪添加维生素C和鲜酵母养殖罗非鱼[J].饲料研究,2000,(9)
[53]王欢.橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼Ghrelin和GHSR基因的克隆及组织表达研究[D].2009.
[54]罗志平.罗非鱼与南美白对虾混养技术[J].海洋与渔业,2006,(8).